Vai tro ciia di cir lao dong vung ven biin Quang Tri va Thira Thien Hue Le Dang Bao Chau', Tran Thi Thiiy Hing^, Nguydn Tir Hau^ '' ^' ^ Tnrong Dai hoc Khoa hoc, Dai hpc HuS Email: chau.lebao@gmail.com Nhdn 15 thdng ndm 2019 Chip nh$n ddng ngdy 14 thdng nam 2020 Tom tat: Di cu lao dpng c6 vai trd quan trpng chiin luge tai ciu tnic theo md hinh da cue cac boat dpng sinh ke cua cac hp gia dinh ndng thdn vimg ven biin hai tinh Quang Tri va Thiia Thien Hue Di cu lao ddng khdng nhirng dupc sir dung di gia tang cac loai vdn, ma gdp phin md cac ca hpi cho dja phuang viec phat triin cac ngudn luc Di cu lao dpng hd trp cac hoat ddng sinh ki cua hd gia dinh tai dia phuang, tao tiin dh di xay dung cac chien lupc diu tu phat triin sinh ke cua hp gia dinh Tir khda: Di cu lao dpng, Quang Tri, Thira Thien Hui, viing ven biin Phan loai nganh: Xa hpi hpc Abstract; Labour migration plays an important role in the restrucmring strategy towards the model of multipolarity for livelihood activities of rural households in coastal areas of Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces It not only helps the increases of types of capital, but also opens up opportunities for the localities to develop resources Labour migration assists local household livelihood activities, paving the way to devise investment strategies for household livelihood development Keywords: Labour migration, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue, coastal areas Subject classification: Sociology M d dau Da dang hda Id xu hudng ehung cua eae cMin luge sinh ke hp gia dinh d ndng thdn D i tdn tai va phat trien, ben canh cac boat dpng sdn xuat ndng/ngu ngMep (bao gdm ca trdng trpt, chan nudi, danh bat vd nudi trdng hai san, chd bien cac san phdm 67 Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, so - 2020 ndng nghiep), eae hd gia dinh cdn thuc hanh cdc hoat ddng pM ndng nghiep tai dia phuang va thdng qua dudng di cu lao dpng Vdi tu cdch la rapt boat ddng sinh ke mang tinh chien luge, di cu lao ddng ddng gdp rit nMiu cho cac hd gia dinh ndng thdn cai tao, ndng cao ehdt lugng cac loai vdn sinh ki ca d ddu di va dau den Dae biet, di cu lao ddng da tao cac co hdi, md nhimg hudng phat trien radi cho hp gia dinh Thdng qua di cu lao ddng, hd xay dyng cac chiin luge sinh ki phu hgp vdi nang lye cac ngudn vdn ddu vao cua minh va biin ddi dya vao cac ket qua ddu ciia di cu lao ddng Md hinh sinh ke cua hd do lien tuc biin ddi tir dan cue sang ludng eye hay da eye rdi lai quay trd lai la don cue hay phan tan thdnh cae eye tach rdi Bai viet'' phdn tich vai trd cita di cu lao dpng vimg ven bidn Qudng Tri vd Thita Thien Hue dya tren ket qua didu tra, khao sat tai xa Hai An va Hai Khe (Quang Tri), Qudng Cdng (Thira Thien Hui) Tdng sd man dupe khao sat la 200 hd gia dinh ed ngudi di cu lao dpng va 20 mau phdng van cac ddi tupng lien quan (bao gdm dai dien hd gia dinh, ngudi dang di cu, ngudi hdi eu va dai dien cMnh quyen dia phuang) [3] Vdi tdng sd 1.059 vien ciia 200 hd dupc khdo sat, ed 385 ngudi (chiem 58%) dang di cu lao ddng Loai hinh di cu chit yiu la di cu giiia cdc tinh (phiem 66% sd ngudi dang di cu) Ben canh dd, di eu lao dpng nude ngoai (chiem 27%) ciing la mdt lya chpn cua eae hp gia dinh Hinh thire di cu nude ngoai chit ydu la xudt khiu lao dpng Di cu lao dpng huyen va tinh chiim ty Id rit thip (lin lugt la 1% va 6%) Da sd cac ho gia dinh cd 68 ngudi di cu diu khdng thupc hp kha gia Cd 156 hd (chiim 78%) tu danh gia kinh te hd thupc nhdm "trung binh" va 21 hd (cMem 10,5%) tu danh gia la "hd ngheo" Thu nhdp tmng binh/ndm cita cac hd tir cac boat dpng sinh ki tai dia phuang khdng cao (khoang 10,5 tridu/nam) Danh bat hai sdn la ngudn thu nhdp phd bien nhdt (85 hp) Ngudn thu nhdp phd biin thii hai la trdng trpt (65 hd) Cd tren 50 hd gia dinh ed thu nhdp tir chan nudi, tuong ty vdi budn ban va dich vu Hon 1/3 hd dugc khao sat cd thu nhdp tu lam thud (47 hd) Kdt qud khao sat eho thiy, sd 200 hp dugc khao sat, cd 70% hd gia dinh nhdn dugc tien chuyen ve tir lao ddng di cu 12 thang gan nhdt vdi sd tidn trung binh nhdn dupe la tren 10 trieu ddng Cd 29% hd nhan dupc tren 20 trieu ddng Ian gan nhdt [3] Vai trd cua di cir lao dpng doi vdi viSc tao cac co* hoi va nguon von mdi Cae nghien ciiu vd vai trd cua "tien chuyen ve" da cM nhiing ddng gdp ve kinh te eua di cu lao dpng eho hd gia dinh d ndng thdn [4], [5], [7], [8] Ddi vdi cac hd gia dinh radu khao sat nhan dugc tien chuyen ve 12 thdng gan nhat, khodn thu dugc sii dung cho rat nhidu myc dich khac nhau: chi tieu dung cho cudc sdng hdng ngdy cua ngudi d lai (bao gdm ca siia chfta, xdy dung nha cda); cM tra ng cdc khoan vay; tiit kiem de ddi phd vdi cac rui ro tuang lai; ddu tu cho san xuit Phin Idn cac hd gia dinh sii dung tiin chuyin vi di ehi tieu hang (86%), siia chGa, xay dyng, mua sim nhd cira (31%) Cd 17% hp gia dinh sir dung "tiin chuyin Le Dang Bao Chau, Trjn Thi Thiiy HJng, Nguyen Tu Hau ve" de tra no chi phi ddu tu ban ddu cho di eu va 46% tra cac khodn ng khdc Dieu cho thiy, di cu that sy la mdt hoat ddng sinh kd quan trpng, giiip gia tang ngudn vdn vdt ehdt cua hg gia dinh, hd trp va khac phuc cac kdt qua xiu eiia cac chidn luge sinh ke tai dia phuong ciing nhu md cae cMen lupc sinh kd mdi Danh gia ve sy ddng gdp kinh te eua di cu lao ddng ddi vdi edng ddng, rapt can bp xa d Thira Thidn Hue cho biet: Di cu lao ddng cd nhiing ddng gdp dang ke vao kinh te Vi dy nara vira rdi, nhiing hd gia dinh ed tidn giri ve tir di eu lao dpng da tham gia ddu ddt Nudi trdng thuy san phat trien, nhieu hp lai tir 400 din 500 tridu/nam [3] Xet tren mat bdng ehung, rdt it hp (28%) sd dung tidn chuyen ve de dau tu trye tidp cho sdn xudt ndng/ngu nghiep Giiia di cu lao dpng, san xuat ndng nghidp va an ninh lucmg thyc cd mdi quan he phu thupc Idn Khi gdi mdt hoac nhieu thdnh vidn cua minh den lam viec cac ITnh vyc kinh ti ngoai ndng nghiep, cac hd gia dinh da gia tang kha nang dng phd vdi nhiing cii sdc bit lgi cho hd, gidm phu thupc vdo cde kit qud sinh ki tir cac boat dpng san xuit ndng nghiep (thudng phu thupc rdt nhieu vao tMen nhien) Trong trudng hgp cd bien cd xdy ra, vi du nhu tnrdng hgp sy ed mdi trudng bidn Formosa (2016), di cu lao ddng khdng cdn dugc xera nhu la rapt chien luge sinh ke mang tinh lua chpn niia raa trd thdnh mpt chiin luge bat bugc Mdi quan he giua di cu lao dpng vdi san xudt ndng nghiep va an mnh luong thyc trd mdi quan he true tiip Khdng cd thu nhap va thidu vide lam d ndng thdn la nguyen nhdn ehinh ciia di cu, ngudi lao dpng lya chpn di eu rihu la eon dudng nhdt de tdn tai Cd thi thiy, ddi vdi cac hd gia dinh ngheo di cu lao ddng la mdt cMen luge sinh tdn trudc nd trd thdnh CO hdi dd phdt triin Ddi vdi cae hd nhdn dupe sd lugng tien chuyen vd Idn, cimg vdi thu nhdp tir cac hoat dpng sinh ke tai dia phuang, di eu lao ddng cho phep hd chuyen ddi hoan toan sinh ke tu sdn xuat ndng ngMep, khai thac tai nguyen bien sang cdc hoat dpng pM ndng nghiep, ddc biet la dich vu, du lich Theo danh gia cua ngudi dan, cac boat ddng ndy mang lai thu nhap cao hon va dn dinh hon rat nMeu so vdi cae hoat dpng sinh ke truyen thdng Mdt phy nil d Thira Thien Hue eho biet: Chir ehi ed ddi hudng phat tridn du lich bidn nhu sam may cai xudng nhd, cdi tien xudng ed phao, cd nd, lam gidng nhu chiec tau nhd de ban dem khach du lich hp noi ddy cau ca can myc Thii hai niia la tren ndy hp lam bd ke de Idm nha nghi, nhd giau cd Idm cdi nha nghi, khdng ein sao, khoang thdi la cd cdng an viec Iam Vdi lai, day tieng Anh cho mdy diia d riha lam ciing dupe Chii ndi di biin thi chic eiing 15 nam nGa lam khdng ed ngudi lam nfta [3] Tien chuyen vi edn duge hd gia dinh sir dung dau M cho siic khde vd giao due Tat ca cdc loai ddu tu deu hudng den mue dich cai tMen ngudn vdn ngudi, tang nang luc sir dung cac chiin luge sinh ki mdi Ben canh tiin chuyin vd, kiin thiie, ky nang ngudi di eu tich liiy dugc bdn ngoai eiing gdp phin rit Idn vide thiic diy da dang hda sinh kd d cpng ddng dia phuang Nhirng ngudi di cu trd ve md cac hudng san xuit pM ndng ngMep va kinh doanh dich vu mdi, ndng cao thu nhap ciia hd gia dinh, thu hiit lao ddng ndng thdn 69 Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd - 2020 true tidp hoac gian tidp tdc ddng den edng ddng ddu di theo hudng tieh eye Mdt lao ddng di cu eho biet: Gid trude mit em se qua lai, sau dd rdi tinh tiep Trong tucmg lai em cd tay nghe, ndu lien he va hgp tac dupc vdi anh em d day, cd dugc ngudn thi cd the em se quay ve md xudng Neu thyc sy cdng vide dn thi em se ve [3] Bang each giam ty le that nghiep va cung cdp vdn ddu vdo cho cde cMen luge sinh k i (vdn tdi chinh thdng qua tidn chuyen ve vd vdn ngudi, nhu: ky nang, kien thiic ), di cu gdp phan thiic day phdt trien kinh td d cdng ddng, thu hep chenh lech ve tdc dp phdt tridn vd thu nhap giiia cac viing Ngodi nhung ddng gdp true tidp cho cac hp gia dinh, ngudi lao ddng di eu cdn giup gidi quyet edng an vide ldm cho lao ddng d cdng ddng ddu di bang cdch quay trd lai que nha tuyen dyng lao ddng Hp trd cdu ndi giua thi trudng lao ddng d cdc ddu den vdi que huong hp Vdi sy giiip dd eua "ngudi dieu phdi", viec di cu ciia ngudi lao dpng dugc quyet dinh nhanh hon va dugc xem la thudn lpi va an toan Cac tac nhan (bao gdm: ngudi lao ddng di cu, bd me cua hp va chu lao ddng) van thupc mdt nhdm khep kin Bdng cdch nay, cae gia dinh ndng thdn mot mat dam bao dugc mdi lien kdt giiia cac thdnh vidn ben nhdm, ddng thdi phat trien chien luge md rdng nhdm ve mat khdng gian, vugt ngoai ranh gidi cua cac vimg ndng thdn, vucm ddn cae thi sam udt Nghidn cuu ciing da chi rang, trudng hgp khdng trd chit lao dpng, nhiing ngudi di eu di trudc van kdt ndi dupc lao ddng d dia phuong vdi thi trudng lao ddng d cac ddu din qua vai trd eua "ngudi dai 70 dien" Thdng qua nhiing radi quan he da dugc thiit lap d diu din, ngudi dai dien ddng vai trd la ngudi bao lanh, chiu trach nMem hudng dan, giup dd ngudi radi ddn hda nhap vdi cudc sdng va cdng vide tai noi den Ngoai nhung ddng gdp cho hd gia dinh d ddu di, ket qud khao sat cho thay, di eu da giiip mang lai cho ngudi lao ddng di cu mdt cdng viec, thu nhdp, cae kinh ngMem thi trudng, eo hpi hpc tdp, tich lOy kiin thiic, cac ky nang eiing nhu eo hdi dinh eu tai noi den Ve mat kinh te, di cu lao ddng mang lai cho ngudi lao ddng di eu nude co hpi tiep can vdi cac cdng viec gan lien vdi cdng nghiep hda, thi hda cita ddt nude Su phat tridn khu vyc kinh t i phi chinh thuc d thi da tao siic hiit cho cac ludng di cu lao dpng tir khu vuc ndng thdn Ddi vdi lao ddng di cu nude ngoai, di eu lao ddng mang lai cho hp ca hpi tao thu nhap cao hon rat nMeu so vdi miie thu lao hp se dupc tra d nude Vdi mirc thu nhdp nay, nhung ngudi di theo dien xuit khdu lao ddng sau trd ng cdc cM phi ban dau cho chuyen di, cd the tich My de cd vdn tai chinh du de cd thd xdy dyng vd thyc Men cac chien luge sinh ke eua ca nhan tuong lai Theo ket qud khao sat bang bdng hdi vdi 200 hd gia dinh d khu vyc ndng thdn ven biin hai tinh Quang Tri vd Thua Thidn H u i , ngoai giri tidn ve cho gia dinh d ndng thdn, ngudi lao ddng di eu chi tieu chii yeu cho cdc nhu yiu pham ciia hp d d i u din (98%) Ben canh dd, hp edn diu tu vao hpc tdp (16,5%), mua nha cua (27,5%) vd diu tu phat triin san xuit, khdi nghidp tai noi din (16,5%) Ddi vdi nhiing ngudi cd diu Le Dang Bao Chau, Tran Thi Thiiy Hang, Nguyin Tu Hau tu eho hpc tap, raua nha cua hay khdi nghiep, co hpi dinh cu la rit Idn Trong trudng hgp nay, ho gia dinh da cd thi tha neo d mgt eye din, tap trung d i u tu phat trien sinh ke theo hudng dich chuyen dan lao dpng tir ndng thdn d i n thi hay nude ngoai [3] Ve mat eon ngudi, viec gia tang cac Ioai vdn tai cMiih, vat chit tiip didn vdi nhiing thay ddi ve vdn ngudi va xa hpi Di chuyen dja ly da keo theo di chuydn xd hdi Thdng qua hpe tap vd tidp thu kien thiic, khoa hpc ky thudt, kinh nghiem sdng, lao ddng di cu tan dung dugc cac ca hdi eua thi trudng Tir vi the la ngudi ddn ndng thdn (thudng bi cho la ngheo, trinh dp hpe van va khoa hpe ky thuat thap, it di dpng) sau hpi nhdp xd hdi tai noi den da tich My dupc tat ca nhung ddc tinh uu vidt cita ngudi dd thi, cdng nghiep Hg hieu bidt, cd ky Mat vd nang ddng, nhay ben hon vdi thi trudng Trong trudng hgp nang lyc cua cac Ioai vdn sinh kd cua ca nhan va hp gia dinh du Idn, lao ddng di cu tir vi thd cdng nhan, lam thue vao liie mdi ddn, ed the trd chu lao dpng vdi cde nang lyc mdi Vai tro cua di cir lao dpng dinh hirdng xay d n n g cac chiln lirvc sinh ke cua ho gia dinh Bdn canh nhiing ddng gdp cu thi, cdi tao va thay ddi chit lugng cac loai vdn cua hp gia dinh ca d ddu di va ddu ddn, di cu lao dpng cdn cho phep cde hd gia dinh xdy dyng chiin luge tai cau true sinh ke theo rad Mnh da eye, da vi tri Ddi vdi chien luge tdp trung d i u tu phat triin sinh k i hd tai diu di, diu cua tdt ca cae hoat ddng sinh ki, cd di cu lao ddng diu dugc sit dyng de tai ddu tu cho chu ky tiip theo cua sinh ke hp Cimg vdi thu nhdp tai dia phucmg, thu nhap tir di cu lao ddng dugc sit dyng dd ddng them thuyen, xdy dyng nha cita va tiet kiem, tich My dd tao sinh k i mdi cho ngudi lao ddng di cu sau hp trd vi Ddi vdi nhiing trudng hgp nay, quan he giiia ddu di va dau den, gifta ngudi lao ddng di cu vdi gia dinh, bd me, hp hang cua hp d que huong rdt khang khit Con cai cua lao dpng di cu dugc giri lai cho dng ba d que nudi Vi vay hp thudng xuyen ve tham nha (hang nam) hoac eho eon cai di tham hp, thudng xuyen lien lae bang dien thoai (hang ngdy) dd hdi han vd day bdo cai Mdi quan he giua cac the he vi the rat manh va phu thude lan raac dii khoang each ve dia ly la khdng nhd Dau di, cy the Id dng ba d nha dugc xera nhu Id diem tya, la noi c i m neo giu thang bang cho tat cd cae cue khac ciia hd gia dinh da eye Chiin luge tap trung dau tu phat trien sinh k i hp tai diu di dugc lya ehpn ngudi lao ddng di cu khdng tim thdy nhiing CO hdi phat trien dai han hoac khdng hpi nhdp dugc vdi cdng ddng d dau den Hp biu nhu khdng ed y dinh dinh cu ma ngugc lai, nd lyc tich liiy hai loai vdn quan trpng Id vdn ngudi vd vdn tai cMnh de ndng eao ndng lyc cho lao ddng mdt thdi ban ngin Lidn quan ddn chidn luge sinh kd cho ngudi lao ddng hdi cu, cd hai trudng hgp xay ra: (i) ngudi lao ddng quay trd lai vdi eae nghi truyin thing (ndng/ngu ngMep) vd (ii) ddu tu vdo mdt nghi mdi (phi ndng nghiep) Ben eanh nhung tinh toan mang tinh cMin luge, vide quay trd lai que nha lam an sinh sdng sau mpt thdi gian ldm viec va tich 71 Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam, sd - 2020 My cae loai vdn cua ngudi lao ddng di eu cdn cd nguyen nhan tu nhftng khd khan, nguy hiem eude sdng hang ma hp phai ddi mat tai ddu den Khao sdt nhan thiic cua cpng ddng ddu di vi nhiing khd khdn ma lao ddng di eu gap phdi di lara an xa cho thdy, vdn de siie khde vd tai nan nghe nghiep cita ngudi lao dpng la khd khan Idn nhat md cae hd gia dinh ndi ridng va cdng ddng ndng thdn phai ddi mat Cac nghien ciiu khdc ve di eu lao dpng d tinh Thfta TMen Hue [2, tr.lO] da ehi nhiing hdu qua ma khu vyc ndng thdn vung dim pha Tam Giang phai ganh chiu Cu thi la ngudn vdn ngudi (siic lao dpng) bi suy gidm vd tdn hai sau kM ngudi lao ddng di cu quay trd ve tu cac phd Cac benh hp thudng gap la benh ve mat va cdt sdng ddi vdi nhirng ngudi da timg lam viec tai cae CO sd may cdng nghiep Nhiing trudng hgp di cu sang Lao khai thdc gd lai bi benh sdt ret hay thuang tdt sudt ddi tai nan nghd nghiep Cd the thay, dau din dugc hudng lpi ve siic lao ddng cua ngudi di eu thi ddu di lai ddi mat vdi ganh ndng vi an sinh xa hdi ciia lao ddng di cu sau kM nhiing ngudi quay trd vd Ben eanh cdc vdn de ve siic khde ndi ehung, cdc vdn de khac nhu mdt vdn, khdng dugc trd luong, bat an khdng hiiu biit vi chinh sach, phap Mat tai noi din va nhiing nguy co danh mat hanh phiic gia dinh kM phdn tdn gia dinh d cdc vi tri dia ly khde eung la nhiing ly khiin nguoi lao dpng di cu quyet dinh quay trd vi sau mdt thdi gian lam viec xa qud huong Ngoai nhiing khd khan tren, nhiing ngudi dugc khao sat ciing liet kd them mdt sd khd khan khac md lao ddng di cu gia dinh hp da va dang ganh chiu Dd la: thu nhap 72 thdp khdng du cM tieu, tMdu thdn tinh cam, ehii lao d^ng khdng tin tudng, lo ling vi cae te nan xahdi Rdt nhieu ngMen eftu vd di cu lao dpng da dd cap den tinh de bi tdn thuang cua ngudi di cu tai noi din, dac biet kM ngudi di cu la phu nu vd tre em [1, tr.4] NgMen ciiu cua Actionaid da chi ring, lao ddng, 35% phy nu di cu hoae Id chua bao gid k^ hgp ddng, hoac cM ddi kM duge ky hgp ddng Do phu nft gap cac rui ro nhu mdt viee khdng duge bdo trudc, khdng eo bdi thudng tan nan lao ddng, khdng dupe hudng cdc chi dp bao hiim xa hpi, bao hiem y td Bdn canh do, edng vipe ciia ngudi di cu khdng dn dinh, cudng dp lam viec cao, che dp ddi ngd cdn nMiu bit cap, bi ngupc dai tai ncd lam viee Id nhiing van de ma xa hdi quan tara [1] Thdng tin tii phdng vdn ngudi lao ddng hdi eu cQng cho thay nha d va diiu kien sdng cua lao ddng di cu rit tdi tan Ngudi lao ddng ludn phai ddi mat vdi nhiing nguy Mem tu mdi trudng sdng mdt an mnh cua cac khu vuc nhd trp eho ngudi di cu Cu thd: tinh Mnh an mnh trat tu kem; trdm eip, trdn lot; eo sd tdng kem la nhung Iy ehu ydu khidn ngudi di cu cdra thiy khdng an toan d noi cu tni tai diu din Khac vdi nhirng ngudi quyit dinh quay trd ve, nhung ngudi cd ehi6n luge dinh cu tai noi den da phdn la nhung ngudi dugc ddu tu ban ddu tdt hon (gap cde co hdi tdt, kit hdn va khdi ngMep) thudng cdng tai noi din Ddi vdi loai chiin luge ndy, hd gia dinh Mdn cd mot hoae nhiing "ngudi tien phong" rdi que huong di tim cac eo hdi d noi khac Dya vao kit qua sinh ki hi di cu lao ddng ciia ngudi tien phong, cae gia dinh ndng thdn xay dung chiin luge Le Dang Bao Chau, Tran Thi Thiiy Hang, Nguyin Tu Hau tai edu tnic sinh ke cua mmh theo hudng Quang Tri vd Thira Thien Hue", dupc tai trp boi dich chuyen d i n lao dpng d i n d i u din Nhd Bo Giao due & Ddo tao, md s i B2018-DHH-59 vdo nang luc mdi cua minh, ngudi tidn phong tiep tye dua eae vien khdc cua gia dinh den Iam vide vd smh sdng tai ddu Tai lieu tham khao den da dugc dinh vi Ro rang la cMdn luge sinh kd nay, vdn xa hdi, ey the la cac [1] Luck house Graphics ddng vai trd rat quan trpng xdy dyng cMen luge A Degene vd M Forse cho [2] Le Ddng Bdo Chdu (2015), "Ngucri trung gian mang lu6i di cu lao d^ng tre em", T^p ring: "Nhung mdi quan he manh ddng vai chi Xa hpi hpc, s6 trd dac biet quan trpng ddi vdi nhiing cd it hoac khdng cd tay nghd vide tim Actionaid & IRC (2012), Phu nir di cu nu&c, hdnh trinh gian nan tim kiim ca hpi mdi quan he xa hdi raanh (quan he gia dinh) [3] L6 Ddng Bdo Chau vd c^ng sir (2019), Vai tro cda di cu lao dpng chiin luoc tdi cdu kiem viec Idm Sy danh mdt nhiing mdi trdc hogt dpng sinh ki ciia cdc hp gia dinh quan he raanh ndy se cd lap ngudi tim viee nong thon viing ven biin hai tinh Qudng Trj vd vdi hdu hdt c o hdi ed viec nhd vdo cac mdi Thira Thien Hui, De tdi nghien cuu Khoa hpc quanhe"[9,tr.l31] cap Bp [4] Pham Thj Thu Huong (2012), Ddnh gid tdc dpng cua lao dpng di cu nong thon - thj t&i Ket luan miic song hp gia dinh nong ton Viit Nam, D6 tai nghien ciiu Khoa hoc cdp Bo Du vdi bdt ky md Mnh nao tM di cu lao [5] ddng eiing la cdu ndi giua ndng thdn vdi Trdn Nguy?t Minh Thu (2013), "Vd! net vi nh6m lao d^ng d! cu tir nong th6n - thi cac d i u d i n khae d nude va ca d nude vai tr6 h6 trp kinh te gia dinh", T^p chi ngoai, tao mdt mang ludi di cu chang Xahoi hoc, so chit vdi cdc ddu niit ludn phy thude Ian [6] T6ng eye Thing ke, QuJ dan so Lien Hpp Xu hudng eiia cac cMen luge tai can Quoc (2016), Diiu tra di cu npi dia quoc gia tnic sinh kd cua cac hd gia dinh ndng thdn 2015: Cdc kit qud chu yiu, Nxb Thong tdn, HdNoi vimg ven bien hai tinh Quang Tri vd Thfta TMen Hue la vuon ben ngoai vd da dang [7] Vien Nghien eiiu Phdt triln xd hoi (2011), Tir hda cac hoat dpng sinh ke theo hudng pM nong thon thdnh pho, tdc dpng kinh ti - xd ndng nghiep va dich vu hpi cua di cu & Viit Nam, Nxb Lao d$ng Ha Npi [8] Cortes G., Fr^guin Gresh Pesehe S., Gu^tat Bernard H., Sourisseau J M (2014), Les Chu thich Systemes Familiaux Multi-localises, un modele "* Ba! vik duac thuc hi$n khuon kho dh tdi d'analyse khoa hoc vd cong nghe cdp Bo "Vai tro ciia di cu lao Document de travail ART- Dev d6ng chien luge tdi cau tnic hoat dpng sinh ke cua cdc hp gia dinh nong thon viing ven biSn hai tinh [9] original des ruralites aux Suds, Degene A., Forse M (2004), Les reseaux sociaux, Armand Colin, Paris 73 ... gdm dai dien hd gia dinh, ngudi dang di cu, ngudi hdi eu va dai dien cMnh quyen dia phuang) [3] Vdi tdng sd 1.059 vien ciia 200 hd dupc khdo sat, ed 385 ngudi (chiem 58%) dang di cu lao ddng... phuong vdi thi trudng lao ddng d cac ddu din qua vai trd eua "ngudi dai 70 dien" Thdng qua nhiing radi quan he da dugc thiit lap d diu din, ngudi dai dien ddng vai trd la ngudi bao lanh, chiu trach... tich My dd tao sinh k i mdi cho ngudi lao ddng di cu sau hp trd vi Ddi vdi nhiing trudng hgp nay, quan he giiia ddu di va dau den, gifta ngudi lao ddng di cu vdi gia dinh, bd me, hp hang cua