Đặc điểm cấu trúc giới tính, độ tuổi, nghề nghiệp và thái độ tập luyện thể dục thể thao hiện nay của người dân ở các xã đã và đang xây dựng nông thôn mới

BAI BAD KHOA HOC DAG flIEIVI CAU TRUG GI0i TINH, DO TUOI, IVGHE NGHIEP VA THAI Od TAP LUYEN THE DUG THE THAO HIEN NAY GUA NGKifl DAN Ol GAG XA DA VA DAlilG X A Y DKNG N O N G THON IVlOl Bill Ngoc*;Dang Hoai An** Le Thj Thanh Thuy*** Nguyen Van Hipng*** Tom tat: '^^ Bang phuong phap nghien ciiu khoa hpc thudng quy, chiing tdi ti4n hanh xac djnh d^c diem dO tuoi, gidi tinh, nghd nghipp va thai dp t|ip luyen TDTT lii§n cua ngu'ai dan d cac dja phuong da vk dang xay dyng ndng thon mdi TO khda: TDTT, TDTT quan chung, TDTT quan chiing khu vyc ndng thdn, ndng thdn mdi Characteristics of gender, age, occupation structures and current attitude towards physical training and sports of people in communes that have been building new rural areas Summary: By the method of regular scientific research, we identified the current characteristics of age, gender, occupation and physical training and attitude towards physical training of people in areas that have been building new rural areas Keywords: Physical training and sports, mass physical training and sports, mass physical training and sports in rural areas and new rural areas BAT VAN SE Qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, thi hda ndng thdn song hanh vdi sy phat trien ciia thi trudng thuong mai, mang ludi giao thdng, thdng tin dien tir da 1dm ndy sinh nhiing yeu td dnh hudng den siic khde the chat va tinh than cua ngudi dan Ren luyen TDTT da dupe ddng dao ngudi dan chpn lua nhu mdt bien phdp tich cue vd hieu qud nham tang cudng siic khde Tap luyen TDTT dang trd nhu cau khdng the thieu ciia mpt bd phan nhan ddn hien d ndng thdn Danh gid dac diem cdu tnic gidi tinh, dp tudi, nghe nghiep va thai dp tap luyen TDTT hien eua ngudi dan d eae dia phucmg da va dang xdy dyng ndng thon mdi se la eo sd thyc tiln dl dua nhiing giai phap phat trien TDTT qudn chiing cung nhu de xudt cdc md hinh phdt trien TDTT cd hieu qua d khu vuc ndng thdn hien PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN ClifU Trong qua trinh nghien cmi, chung toi da sii' dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu: Phuang •POSTS, Tru'&ng Dai hoc TDTT Bic Ninh **TS, Truong Bai hoc TDTT Bic Ninh "*ThS, Truong Dai hoc TDTT BSc Ninh phap phan tich va tong hop tai lieu; Phuong phap phong van toa dam va phucmg phap toan hoc thong Ice KET qOA NGHIEN ClfU VABANLUAN Dac diem cau true gio"! tinh cua ngu'O'i dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT d> cac xa da va dang xay dyng nong thon mo'i Chiing tdi da tien hanh phdng van 1220 ngudi dan d cac dia phuong da vd dang xay dung ndng thdn mdi d tinh, (Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, Binh Phudc, Ninh Binh, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Thanh Hda, Lam Ddng, Cdn Tho) Trong dd, cd hai nhdm "nhdm tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen (n=768) va nhdm khdng thudng xuyen tham gia tap luyen (n=452)" Kit qua dupe trinh bay d bang Quan bang cho thay, cau tnic gidi tinh ciia ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen khae dang ke, d nam la 63,93%, d phu nir Id 36,07% va miic dp chenh lech Id 27,86% Kit qud cho thdy nam gidi tham liOTAOVliHUilNUlVBITIfllttll - SO 4/2019 Bang Cau true giai linh cua doi tu'O'ng du'O'c phong vSn (n=1220) Gidi tinh Nam Nu TSng S& nguM tham gia t | p luy^n S6 ngudi khong thirtmg xuyen tham gia tap luyen TDTT thuong xuy6n T8ng % 44.69 55.31 693 527 56.8 43.19 100 1220 100 Sh ngiroi Tile% So ngiroi Ti IS % 491 277 768 63.93 36.07 202 250 452 100 gia cac hoat ddng TDTT nhieu hon nii Qua nghien ciiu thay rang nhan thiic ve vi tri, vai trd va tae dung ciia cdc hoat ddng the thao ciia nam gidi diing va du hon nu gidi Sy mat can bang giua nam va nii dan sd tap luyen TDTT khdng chi Id van de tham gia tap luyen TDTT, ma cdn Id van de xa hdi Trong xa hdi hien nay, ngudi phy nii van ed rat nhi8u cdng viec khdng chi cham lo eho gia dinh ve vat chdt md cdn Id ngudi thap len ngpn lua tinh yeu, niem tin, uoc mo hi vpng eho mdi vien gia dinh "Dan dng xay nha, ddn bd xdy td dm" cho dii theo thdi gian, chuan myc ve ngudi phu nii cd thay ddi nhung vai trd "thap liia" vd "giii liia" cho gia dinh cua ngudi phy nii thi khdng bao gid thay ddi Hien nay, nhiing thdnh tuu khoa hpc ky thuat hien dai da phan nao hd tro ngudi phy nii cdng viec noi tro, gidm bdt siic lao dpng cua ngudi phy nii gia dinh d ndng thdn Song, phu nii van Id ngudi 1dm chinh cdng viec nha, tii viec bep nuc tdi viec day dd cdi, cham lo ddi sdng tinh than cho cac vien gia dinh Cdng vdi thdi gian lam viec ngoai xa hdi, quy thdi gian danh cho viec hudng thy cdc gid tri van hda tinh than, ciia phy nii la rat it, tham chi d mdt sd ddi tuong phu nii nhu cdng nhan, budn ban, quy thdi gian ndy gdn nhu khdng ed Chinh vi vdy, cac nhd qudn ly TDTT ndn cd nhiing giai phdp tap trung vao cdc boat dpng the thao cua phy nii vd cd gang can bang ty le nam vd nii ddn sd tap luy?n TDTT Nhiing gidi phap thyc su eho van d l phdi d i n dupe hien thyc hda vdi sy phdt trien ciia xa hdi vd nen kinh te Dac diem cau true tuoi cOa ngu'd'i dan nong thon tham gia tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen d* cac xa da va dang xay dyng nong thdn mo'i Kit qua phdng van dupe trinh bay tai bilu dd Bieu Cau true tuoi cua ngiFai dan nong thon tham gia tap luyen TDTT Tu bieu cho thay: Ty le % dp tudi tu 1620 tudi tham gia tap luyen la thap nhat (do dp tudi nhieu ngudi dang tham gia hpc tap tai cac trudng cao dang dai hpc hoac hp thudng tap trung d khu vuc phd de lam them ) Ket qua tren eiing cho thay ti le % ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT ed xu hudng tang dan den dp 46 50 va cd xu hudng giam dan sau dp tudi 50 tudi Song dp tudi trung nien va ngudi gia tham gia tap luyen van cd ty le cao hon eae dp tudi nien (dudi 35 tudi) Ty le % d dp tudi 61-65 tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen ciing khd cao, dat 10.28 va gidm xudng d dp tudi tren 65 (dat 8.07%) Trong bieu dd edn bieu thi ty le cau tnic dp tudi cua ngudi dan ndng thdn tham gia tap TDTT d cdc xa da vd dang xay dyng ndng thdn mdi gidng dang "hinh non" va so sanh vdi Thap dan sd ciia cupc Tdng dieu tra dan sd qudc gia thang nam 2019 (nhd d hai ddu, vdi Idn d giiia) thi kha tuong ddng Nhu vay qua phdn tich tren, dan sd tap luyen TDTT d ndng thdn tap trung nhieu d ngudi trung vd cao tudi Dudi cac gdc dp y sinh hpe cho thdy cac dp mdi tu 36 trd di (chilm khodng 80%), cdc hooc mdn sinh trudng vd cdc chiie nang ciia co quan ca the boat dpng kem hon d cae liia tudi tre Ngudi trung va eao tudi thudng xudt hien nhieu benh tat, do viec sii BAI BAO KHOA HOC '^ ããCyô.il dupe chia nhdm (Cdng nhan; ndng dan; can bp huu tri; can bp, cdng chiic, vien chiic; ngudi kinh I doanh, budn ban, dich va nhdm nghe I nghiep khdc) Tren co sd ket qua phdng van, chiing tdi tien hanh • phan loai cau tnic ^ » J ^ nghe nghi?p ciia ngudi J m ^^^ '^°'^S thdn tham >_ gia tap luyen TDTT Ket qua phan tich eho ,a^*^^g^._ thay ty le % cau tnic - ' - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " -" •- nghe nghiep cua ngudi :#I"I3: ^mtmiM '* —— ^H ! • " ^ d nhilu vung nong thdn, ren luyen TDTT da dup-c dong dao nguo'i dan chpn lua nhir mpt bi#n phap tich eye va hieu qua ^^n tham gia tdp luyen TDTT dupe xep theo de tang cuang sue khde thii ty tu nhieu den it Id: 1) Kinh doanh, budn ban, dich vy (28.91%); 2) Can bp cdng chiic, vien chiic (25.52%); 3) Can bd huu tri (17.19%) 4) Ndng dan (14.58%); 5) Cdng nhan (8.85%) 6) nhdm ngdnh nghi khae (4.95%) Trong dd, nhdm "can bd cdng chiic vien chiic", nhdm "huu tri" vd nhdm "kinh doanh, budn bdn dich vu" ndi chung ed mpt nen tang kinh te dn dinh va dac trung thu nhap cao hem eae nhdm khae, va trinh dp van hda, nhu cau tap luyen TDTT cung tuong ddi cao Xep sau la nhdm "ndng dan" vd "cdng nhan" Day Id hai nhdm tham gia tap luyen TDTT tuong ddi thap Nguyen nhan cudng dp lao ddng cao, thdi gian lao dpng dai, thu nhap khong on dinh va trinh dp van hda, nhdn thiic cd gidi ban nhat dinh Theo chiing tdi thi cac xa cdn cd cdc gidi phdp, chinh sach tuyen truyen va khuyen khich den cac nhdm nghe ndng ddn vd cdng nhan tham Cau true nghe nghiep cua ngu'd'i dan gia cdc hoat ddng TDTT dung TDTT de tang cudng siic khde chdng lai benh tdt la nhu cau vd bien phap rat can thiet cua hp Ngoai ra, xet dudi gdc dp xa hpi, ngudi trung eao tudi da cd dieu kien kinh te tdt de giam bdt cac hoat dpng lao ddng tao thu nhap va hp da cd cai Idn de cd the giiip cdng viec nhd, vay hp cd nhieu thdi gian rdnh rdi han cac Ilia tudi tre TDTT d ndng thdn can dae biet quan tdm vd dua nhiing giai phap tac ddng din doi tupng ndy Sd it ngudi tre tudi tham gia hoat ddng TDTT d eae xa (tii 16 den 35 tudi, chiem khoang 20%) la nhihig ngudi tham gia d cac CO quan, ban ngdnh doan the d cdc cdp xa Hp vira la ddi tupng tham gia vd eiing la ddi tupng td chiic eae boat ddng TDTT tai cac dia phuong Vi vdy cdc doan the ban ngdnh d dia phuong ciing cdn cd nhung dinh hudng, giai phap de tdc dpng den ddi tupng nong thon tham gia tap luyen TDTT thirdng xuyen d> cac dja phuang da va dang xay dyng nong thon mo'i Thai doi vd'i viec tap luyen TDTT hi^n cua ngu'd'i dan d' cac dia phu'o'ng da va dang xay dyng nong thon mo'i Cau tnic nghe nghiep cua ngudi ddn tham gia 4.1 Nhgn thuc tdm quan trgng ciia tgp tap luyen TDTT d ndng thdn de cap den sy phdn luy^n TDTT vdi ngudi ddn ndng thon bd vd ty le dan sd hoat dpng kinh te eae Nhan thiic eiia cua ngudi dan ndng thdn cd ngdnh nghe khac Cau tnic phan cap xa hpi thi dupe phdn anh qua n h p thiic tdm quan ndng thdn vdi nghe nghiep la tieu chi chinh trpng vl tap luyen TDTT ddi vdi siie khde va BSravAHUAMUIYBynETHAQ -$64/2019 4.2 Muc dich ciia ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen & cdc dia phuang dd vd dang xdy dung nong thon m&i Ket qud khao sdt dupie trinh bay tai bang Qua bdng cho thdy; "Ren luyen siie khoe, the luc" cd ty le lya chpn tuyet ddi (100%), "Vi ham thich tap luyen TDTT" va "giai tri" xep thii hai va thii ba tuong ling, "Hanh phiie gia dinh" dupe xep thii tu Myc dich tap luyen TDTT ciia ngudi dan d ndng thon cd xu hudng da dang, phan anh day dii nhiing mong mudn tdt dep cua ngudi dan ve siic khde the chat, tinh than vd niem dam me the thao Ket qud dieu tra cho thay myc dich tham gia tap luyen TDTT eiia ngudi dan phu hpp vdi nhu cdu chung ciia cdng ddng ddn eu tren the gidi Ngudi ddn d ndng thdn mong mudn cd mpt co the manh me de bdo ve siic khde, nang cao nang sudt lao dpng ndng nghiep vd giam thieu ehi phi y te gia dinh Tham gia tap luyen TDTT da trd thdnh mdt nhung bien phdp tdt nhat va quan trpng nhdt de dat dupe dieu dd Neu td chiic cac cupc thi the thao phu hpp se huy dpng ngudi dan d ndng thdn tham gia tap luyen TDTT nhiet tinh, thiic ddy sy phdt trien eua the thao ndng thdn vd cai thien chat lupng sdng 4.3 Nguyen nhdn hgn che su tham gia tap luyen TDTT cua ngudi ddn nong thon m&i Ben canh 768 ngudi dan ndng thdn trd Idi cupc sdng (smh hoat), cung nhu su nhiet tinh tham gia cdc cupc thi ddu thi thao tai dia phuong Kit qua dilu tea eho thdy, thii tu danh gid vl y nghTa ciia viec tap luyen TDTT ddi vdi siic khde la: Rdt quan trpng (49,26%), quan trpng (43,61%), binh thudng (6.23%), khdng qua quan trpng (0.66%) vd khdng quan trpng (0,25%) Hau hit ngudi dan d ndng thdn nghi rang tap luyen TDTT rdt quan trpng ddi vdi siic khde Chf cd mdt sd ngudi ddn nghi rang nd khdng quan trpng Dieu ndy cho thay hau het ngudi dan d ndng thdn nhdn vai trd quan trpng eua tap luyen TDTT viec cai thien siic khde the chdt vd tinh than cho ngudi, phu hpp vdi nhan thiic chimg ciia ngudi dan tr^n the gidi Thii ty ve y nghia eua tap luyen TDTT ddi vdi cupc sdng lan lupt Id: Rat quan trpng (37.05%); Quan trpng (36.56%); Binh thudng (12,54%), khdng qud quan trpng (10.16%), khdng quan trpng (3,69%) Ket qud cho thay nhan thiic cua ngudi dan ve vai trd cua tap luyen TDTT Id dieu rdt quan trpng vdi cupc sdng Tren CO sd hieu biet nhu vdy, neu ngudi dan cd thdi gian nhdn rdi vd cd tang thu nhap kinh te ddm bao, se Id dieu kien de thiic day nhu cdu tap luyen TDTT, sd luong ngudi dan tham gia cdc hoat ddng TDTT se tang len va the thao ndng thdn se phat trien nhanh chdng Bang Muc dich cua viec tham gia tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan nong thon (n=768) (cau hoi chon nhieu dap an) Nam Nft Vi ham thich luyen tap TDTT Vi day la thoi quen cua ban than Ren luyen sire khoe, the lu'c 324 198 491 42.19 121 15.76 445 25.78 25 3.26 223 63.93 277 36.07 768 Xep thirtu" 57.94 29,04 100 Vi 6m dau, benh tat nen phai tap luyen 95 12.37 50 6.51 18.88 Nghe theo lai khuyen ciia ban be, nguai than, quen Hanh phiic gia dinh Giai tri Dieu chinh cam xuc Lam dep giam can Cai thien moi quan he giira cac ca nhan (nhan biet ban be) 2.34 16 2.08 34 4.43 10 123 256 165 76 16.02 245 31.9 33.33 133 17.32 21.48 76 9.9 9.9 180 23.44 368 389 241 256 47.92 50.65 31.38 33.33 187 24.35 251 32.68 TT 10 Myc dich mi 18 % mi 64 % 8.33 T6ng Ti le % 145 BAI BAO KHOA HOC tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen, van cdn 452 ngudi tra Idi khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen Ket qua tim hieu ve ly ndi tren cho thay: Cd nhieu ly dnh hudng den su tham gia tap luyen TDTT cua ngudi dan d nong thdn Trong dd cd nhiing yeu td xd hdi vd y thiic chii quan ca nhan Qua dieu tra nhiing ngudi khdng tap luyen TDTT, thay rang: Ly "khdng cd hudng dan vien the thao" (78,76%), "khdng hieu phuong phap tap luyen TDTT" diing d vi tri thii hai (75.66%) Ngoai "Thieu thdi gian ranh rdi", "so ngudi khac cudi", "Khdng cd sd thich the thao", "Khdi lupng cdng viec nhieu" xep d cac vi tri 3, 4, 5, la ly chinh khien ngudi dan d ndng thdn khdng hao hiing tap luyen TDTT Ngoai ket qua cac cupc phdng van true tiep cho thay, nhieu ngudi dan d ndng thdn danh phan Idn thdi gian de xem tivi, ngii hoac choi bai va tham chi ca nhiing ngudi tham gia vao cdc boat dpng me tin dnh hudng tdi siic khde vd the chat Chiing tdi cho rang cdn thdng qua tuyen truyen de ngudi dan ed the nhdn tam quan trpng cua viee tap luyen TDTT Y thiic se thay ddi Idi sdng va trd thdnh ddng lye thiic day hp chu ddng tap luyen TDTT Vi vay, viec nang cao nhan thiic "vai trd va tam quan trpng cua boat dpng TDTT" se cd y nghTa Idn cdng tde TDTT qudn chiing d khu vyc ndng thdn Thdng tin ciia ngudi ddn d ndng thdn ban che so vdi ngudi dan thdnh thi, nhdt la nhung thdng tin ve cdch thiic, ndi dung vd phuong phap tap luyen Mdt so ngudi dan khdng hieu cdc phuong phap va kien thiic tap luyen TDTT, ngai thyc hien cae bai tap TDTT Neu ed gidi phdp td chiic hoat ddng the thao, cd hudng dan vien se gop phan thiic day ngudi dan d ndng thdn tich cue tham gia tap luyen TDTT KET LUAN Ket qud nghien ciiu da xac dinh dupe dac diem sy mdt can ddi ve eau tnic gidi tinh, ddng thdi xac dinh dupe dae diem cdu tnic dp tudi, cung nhu cau tnic nghe nghiep ciia ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT a cac dia phuong da va dang xay dung ndng thdn mdi Ngodi ra, kit qud nghien ciiu edn xdc dinh dupe nhan thiie diing dan ve tap luyen TDTT cua ngudi dan nham ndng cao siic khde de bao ve, tang nang sudt lao ddng va gidm thieu chi phi y te gia dinh B§n canh cdn tim nhijng nguyen nhdn ma ngudi dan khdng tham gia tap luyen TDTT, chii yeu tap trung vao cac nguyen nhan: Khdng cd hudng dan vien the thao; Khdng hilu phuang phap tap luyen TDTT va Thieu thdi gian ranh rdi Ket qud nghien ciiu tren se Id co sd thyc tien de lya chpn giai phdp nang cao hieu qud boat ddng TDTT qudn chiing d cdc dia phuang dd vd dang xay dyng ndng thdn mdi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Chinh tri (2011), Nghi quyet so 08NQ/TW, ngdy 01/12/2011 cua Bp Chinh tri "ve tdng cuong su lanh dao cua Ddng, tgo buoc phdt trien mgnh me ve the dgc, the thao den nam 2020" Bd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich (2011), Thong tu sd 06-TT-BVHTTDL ngdy 08/3/2011 cua Bp VHTTDL "Quy dinh mdu ve to chirc, hogt dpng vd tieu chi cua Nhd Vdn hoa -Khu The thao thon " Pham Thanh Cam (2015), "Nghien ciiu phat trien TDTT qudn chiing d ndng thdn ddng bang sdng hong", Lugn dn tien si Gido due hpc, Vien Khoa hpe TDTT Thii tudng Chinh phu (2013), Quyit dinh sS 2164/QD-TTg ngdy 11/11/2013 phe duyet "Quy hogch tong the phdt trien he thong thiet che vdn hoa, the thao co so giai dogn 20132020 dinh huang den nam 2030 "5 Tony Collins (2015), An Encyclopaedia of Rural Sports, Paperback: 320 pages,Publisher: Routledge; Reprint edition (October 27,2013) , Language: English, ISBN-10: 0415647479 6.rm^ (2015), mit'-^^^m^w^ (Bai nop 27/8/2019, Phan bien ngdy 4/9/2019, duyft in 26/9/2019 Chju trach nhi&m chinh: Bui Ngpc; Email: ngoccovua@gmail.com) ... the thao den nam 2020" Bd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich (2011), Thong tu sd 06-TT-BVHTTDL ngdy 08/3/2011 cua Bp VHTTDL "Quy dinh mdu ve to chirc, hogt dpng vd tieu chi cua Nhd Vdn hoa -Khu The thao. .. dieu dd Neu td chiic cac cupc thi the thao phu hpp se huy dpng ngudi dan d ndng thdn tham gia tap luyen TDTT nhiet tinh, thiic ddy sy phdt trien eua the thao ndng thdn vd cai thien chat lupng... dan vien the thao" (78,76%), "khdng hieu phuong phap tap luyen TDTT" diing d vi tri thii hai (75.66%) Ngoai "Thieu thdi gian ranh rdi", "so ngudi khac cudi", "Khdng cd sd thich the thao" , "Khdi