Đóng góp của nguyễn văn tố trên cương vị bộ trưởng bộ cứu tế xã hội giai đoạn 1945 1946

DONG GOP CUA NGUYEN V A N TO TREN CUdNG VI BO T R U N G B O CLfU TE XA HOI GIAI DOAN 1945-1946 NGUYfiN THI DUNG H U Y E N " Tom tdt: Nguyin Vdn To, /lieu Id ling Hoe (1889 - 1947), sinh mot gia dinh nha nho yeu niidc La mot ntid tri thUc, nttd vdn tioa vdi hieu biet uyen thdm vi lich sii, vdn hoa, dng trd thdnh mot irong nhiing ngudi sdng lap vd truyen bd chd quoc ngU Song song vdi hoat dgng truyen bd chU quoc ngU, Nguyen Vdn Td ciing vdi cdc nhd tri thitc khac hang hdi tham gia cong tdc xd hgi Ong quan tdm nhdt td xoa mil chU bdng cdch md cdc Idp hgc nho day chU cho ngiiifi ddn lao dgng ngheo Vdi tdm long yeu niidc, thiidng ddn, cua mgt nhd tri thiic ldn, sau cdch mang thdng Tdm dng dUdc chll tich Ho Chi Minh ""chon mat giii vdng" miii ve ldm Bg trudng Bg Cihi te xd hoi Chinh phii ldm thdi Thdi gian cdng tdc vdi ciidng vi Bo trUdng Bg ciiu texa hgi ngdn (til 18-8-1945 de'n ngdy 2-3-1946} nhiing vdi trdch nhiim vd nhiet huyet doi vdi ddn vd Chinh phd, dng dd co nhieu cong hien to ldn vdi cdch mang Viet Nam Tin khda: Nguyen Vdn To'; Bg CH^ texa hoi; Bit trUdng Bg Ciiu texa hgi; thdi ki 1945-1946 Abstract: Nguyen Van To (1889-1947), nicknamed ling Hoe, was bgrn in a family gf patriatic intellectuals As an intellect and a culturalist with rich knowledge about culture and history, he was one of the creator of Vietnamese official language He also actively participated in social work, opening classes for poor workers to promote literacy His contributions were recognized after the August Revolution when President Ho Chi Minh chose him to become the Minister of Social Relief Although his term was short (from August 18"', 1945 to March 2"'', 1946), he significantly contributed to the society and the revolution thanks to his responsibility and enthusiasm Keywords: Nguyen Van To; Ministry of Social Relief; Minister of Social Relief; 1945-1946 period Ngdy nhan bdi: 09/8/2018; Ngdy siia bdi: OS/9/2018; Ngdy duyit ddng bai: 29/02/2019 Mtf dau Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945 thang ldi, 2-9-1945 tai Quang trudng Ba Dinh, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh long tuyen bo truflc quoc dan dong bao va nhan dan the gifli Ban Tuyen ngon doc lap, Ngucii khang dinh: "Viet Nam co quyen hudng tu do, doc lap va su that da mot nudc tU do, doc lap" Do la qua each mang vo ciing VI dai, tao nen budc ngoat to ldn tren dudng di tdi am no, hanh phiic ciia nhan dan Viet Nam Ngay sau t h i n g loi cd y nghia dan toe va thdi dai dd, chinh quyen dan chu dau tien d Dong N a m a p h a i duong d i u vdi bao khd k h a n , Q •*• thach thtic; thu trong, giac ngoai tim moi each chong pha, hong bop chet Nha nudc non tre; cung vdi la biet bao di san toi te ve kinh te, van hoa, chinh tri, xa hoi che cu de lai TrUflc tinh hinh do, ben canh phai thUc hien nhiSng nhiem vu quan khac, khau then chot de ciing co va giQ viing chinh quyen each mang liic la phai tao nen mot nen tang xa hoi vQng chic, lam cho no thiie sU trd chi'nh quyen each mang eua dan, dan va vi dan Chinh vi vfty, sau gianh chi'nh quyen ca nude 28-8-1945 Chinh - NCS Khoa Sa hoc, Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI S0 3-20ie NGUYEN THI DUNG HUYEN phu lam thdi da tuyen cao lap 13 bp, ed Bp CQu te xa hpi dng Nguyin Van To lam Bp trudng'^^ Thiic hi§n cac bien p h a p ciiu te xa hoi nham day lui n a n doi Nhiem vu quan trpng va la khau then chdt nha't de cung cd' va giQ vQng ehinh quyen each mang cua Nha nQdc Viet Nam Dan Chu Cdng hda nhQng dau mdi lap la phai tao nen mpt nin tang xa hdi vQng chic Chinh vi vay, Chinh phu lam thdi da dUa hang loat chinh sach td ro tinh Uu viet hdn han cua ehe dp mdi viee giai quye't nhQng va'n de lien quan den ddi sd'ng kinh te, van hda, xa hdi DQng trUdc nguy cd nghiem trpng cua nan ddi, phien hpp dau tien cua Chinh phu vao 3-9-1945, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da de nghi md chiln dieh CQu ddi va eoi dd la nhidm vu ca'p bach nhat cua ehinh quyln each mang Md dau phong trao tang gia san xua't, cQu ddi, Hd Chu tieh keu gpi: Tang gia san xua't! Tang gia san xua't ngay! Tang gia san xua't hdn nQa! Trong chd dpi ke't qua tang gia san xua't, phai giai quye't viee "lae quyen" va tQdng trd nhan dan Ngay 28-9-1945, thu gxii ddng hao toan quo'c sQc cQu doi dang tren bao CQu qud'e, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh viet "Lue chung ta nang bat cdm ma an, nghi de'n ke ddi kho, chung ta khdng khdi ddng long Vay, tdi dl nghi ddng bao ca nudc va tdi xin thUe hanh trUdc: cQ 10 nhin an mpt bQa, mdi thang nhin bQa Dem gao dd (mdi bQa bd) de cQu dan ngheo"'^\ Hudng Qng ldi keu gpi ciia Chii tieh Ho Chi Minh, 2-11-1945 vdi CUdng vi la Bd trudng Bp CQu te xa hpi, Nguyin Van To' da quye't dinh lap "Hpi CQu ddi" Hpi dUdc lap d Ha Ndi, Thuan Hda, Sai Gdn va cd chi sd 3-2019 nhanh tai cac tinh, cac lang vdi muc dieh cQu dan khdi ddi, khdi ret PhUdng phap boat ddng ehu ye'u la tira ngudn thUc pham, tien va vai cac nha hao tara giup dd; phat trien san xua't, khuye'n khich cdng viec dong ang va trdng nora de dieu; giup dd nhan dan viec khai khan da't hoang hda de dUa vao san xua't De thUc hien nhiem vu, vien cua hdi cQu ddi bao gom: Hdi dd dau bao gdm cae vien phu giup hpi viec md mang va bao trd cac cdng viec; Hdi cd'va'n bao gdra Bd trQdng Bd CQu te, Bd Ndi vu, Bp Kinh te - Tai chinh, nien, tuyen truyen, giam dd'e y te', canh ndng cdng chinh; Va, hpi vien la nhQng nha tQ thien, hao tara giup dd hpi'^' Hdi CQu ddi dupc lap dung vao thdi diem each mang Viet Nam d hoan canh vd cung khd khan, hang trieu ddng bao dang hi nan ddi de dpa De ung hd hoat ddng cua Hpi cQng nhQ keu gpi sQ hudng Qng nhiet tinh cua ddng dao ddng bao, 8-11-1945 bai "Hd hao nhan dan ehd'ng nan ddi" dang tren bao CQu quo'c, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ndi "Khi ed ehien tranh thi phai huy dpng td chQc ta't ea lUc lUdng nUdc de chd'ng giae Mud'n chd'ng giae ddi, cung phai huy ddng va to chQc ta't ca lUc lupng cua td quo'c ddng bao"*** Vdi cUdng vi la ngUdi dQng diu Bd CQu te xa hdi, Nguyin Van Td' cd chuyen "vi hanh" den cac dia phUdng: Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, HUng Yen, Nam Dinh chi dao lap Hdi CQu ddi Tai day, ngoai lap Hdi CQu ddi, dng cdn "' Cong bdo ndm 1945, so 1, tr 2, Trung tam lau trii quo'c gia III (2' Ho Chi Minh (1995), Todn tap, tap 4, Nxb Chinh tri quo'c gia, Ha Noi, tr.31