Tap chi Ddn tdc hoc sd5 - 2019 VAI TRO CUA PHONG TUC, TAP QUAN TRONG XAY D U N G NONG T H N MOfI d TINH CAO BANG' TS Lirong Thi Hanh Trircmg Dai hoc Khoa hoc Thai Nguyen Tdm tdt: O nude ta, phong tuc tap qudn dugc hinh thdnh, phdt trien tic rdt sdm vd vd cimg da dgng, Gdn vai mdi bdn ldng, mdi tdc ngudi vd dia phuang la mgt he thdng cdc phong tuc tgp qudn riing duac tich Idy, chdt Igc qua nhiiu the he vd tra thdnh tiiu chudn cho hdnh vi ung xu cua cd nhdn cdc quan hi xd hgi, Xd hgi hien dd cd nhieu thay ddi, song phong tuc tap qudn xua vdn cdn the hien vai trd d nhihig mice dg nhdt dinh, Vl the, quit trinh xdy dung Nong thdn mdi hien nay, bin cgnh viic thuc hien theo nhicng vdn bdn phap lugt ciia Nhd nude, cdn quan tdm phdt huy vd vdn dung mgt cdch linh hogt cdc ngi dung phii hgp phdt huy nhicng nit ddc thit, vd yiu td tich cue cua phong tuc tap qudn ciia cdc ddn toe thieu sd Tie khda: Phong tuc, tap qudn, ndng thdn mdi, ddn tge thiiu sd, Cao Bdng, Ngdy nhdn bdi: 24/7/2019; ngdy giii phdn biin: 26/S/2019: ngdy duyet ddng: 13/10/2019 Vai net khai quat ve phong tuc, tap quan Khi ndi din phong tuc, tap quan thi xua dugc hieu theo nhilu each khac Dac biet, giira hai thuat ngii lai rit khd phan tach mdt each rach rdi vi giira chung ludn cd nhilu dilm tuong ddng Trong khudn khd nghien ciru nay, de thdng nhat ndi dung cimg nhu each tilp can, chung tdi sit dung hai thuat ngit mgt each song hanh, tao thuat ngii "phong tue, tap qudn" Din nay, hiy vao each hilu va muc dich tilp can, da cd nhieu nha nghien cim dua cac dinh nghia khac ban vl phong tuc tap quan Tac gia Truang Thin eudn 101 diiu cdn biit vi tin ngudng vd phong tuc cho ring: "Phong tuc la toan bd nhiing boat dpng sdng ciia ngudi duac hinh thanhtt-ongqua trinh lich sir va dn dinh ne nep, dugc cdng ddng thita nhan, truyin tit thi he sang the he khac, " (Truong Thin, 2010, tr 5) Cdn theo Tit diln Tiing Viet, tap quan la "nhiing thai quen hinh thdnh tic Idu vd da tra ' Bai viit la k6t qua nghien cmi cUa ii tai c5p Bo "Tac ddng ciia phong tiic lap quan den gua Ir'mh xdy dung ning thdn mdi khu mc miin nii phia Bic", ma s6 B2017-TNA-52 Chii nhiem de tai: Lucng Thi Hanh, Ccr quan chii tri: Bai hoc Thai Nguyen 78 LuangThiHgnh_ thdnh nep d&i sdng xd hpi cua mpt cpng dong ddn cu, dugc mpi nguai cong nhgn va ldm theo" (Tir didn Tidng Viet, 2007, tr 1393) Tac gia Duong Thi Lilu Gido trinh vdn hoa kinh doanh da ly giai: ""Phong tuc tap qudn Id nhiing hdnh vi ung xu; thoi quen, nep sinh hogt tuang doi on dinh cua cdc thdnh vien nhom xa hpi dugc lieu truyen tu the he ndy qua the he khde'' (Duong Thj Ligu, 2013, tr 25) Tu nhung nhan thuc khoa hgc ngu trgn, cd thg thay cac thdi quen sinh boat ddi sdng da ehi phdi, rang budc hanh vi iing xir eiia ngudi, bugc ngudi phai thich nghi, tuan theo a miic nhat dmh Dac bidt, nhOng phong tuc tap quan phat tridn luat tuc thi nd se quy dinh nhung hanh vi cua timg ca nhan cgng ddng Theo do, mdt ca nhan, thuc hien cac hanh vi di ngugc lai vdi nhiing thuan phong my tye, chac chan se bi cdng ddng lgn an, xir phat Do vay, luat tuc ddi cd siic manh hon ca nhiing dao luat ddi sdng ciia cdng ddng, ngudi Viet Nam cd cau "'Phep vua thua le ldng" chinh la phan anh thuc td Khi noi den eac gia tn cua phong tue tap quan, chiing ta ed the nhan dien gia tri dd bao gdm ea ydu td tich cue va ydu td tieu cue Tuy nhidn, vide nhan didn chiing lai khdng de bdi cung mdt phong tyc tap quan, cd the ddi vai dan tdc nay, thdi diem la tieh cue cdn vdi dan tdc va thdi didm khac lai la lac hau Du vay, phong tiic tap quan van ludn dugc eoi la mdt ehuan mue dn dinh cho hanh vi ciia cac vidn edng dong Dya vao nhirng chuan muc nay, mdi cdng ddng da dimg n6 lam cdng cu de dieu ehinh hanh vi img xir eiia nguai quan he giao tidp hang va lao dgng san xu4t, nhu: khuydn ran, ca nggi, khuygn khich cai thien, cai tdt; len an, phe phan cai ac, cai xau, Mgt vi du didn hinli tai tinh Cao Bang la ngudi Dao va ngu'di Nimg cd phong tuc td ehiie sinh nhat^ cho dng ba, eha me dg td Idng bigt on cdng sinh thanh, nudi dudng Tir phong tuc se giao due chau Idng hidu thao, biet quan tam ddn ngudi cao tudi, didu rdt phii hgp vai Luat phap Viet Nam da quy djnh: Con cai cd quydn va nghta vy cham sdc dng ba, cha me (khoan 2, dieu 36, Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh nam 2000) Ro rang, day la mdt tap quan dep va van minh, la thdng diep nhan nhii chau sdng phai cd traeh nhiem vdi ban than, dng ba, eha me va gia dinh Trong qua trinh xay dyng Ndng thdn mai, phong tuc Cling dugc ngudi dan phat huy r^t hieu qua Tuy nhien, cung vdi thdi gian, mdt sd phong tuc tap quan khdng cdn phu hgp vdi xa hgi hien tai nhu: tao hdn, cuong hdn, hdn nhan can huyet thdng, bSt vg, phat va kbi vg chdng ly hdn, Day la nhiing tap quan the hien sy bat binh dang vg gidi va quygn tu do, tu nguyen ciia eac ca nhan theo quy dinh cua Bg Luat dan sy nam 2015 huyen Nguyen Binh tinh Cao Bang, theo thdng kg chua day du nam gan day (2015 - 2017), mdi nam ed tir 20 - 30 cap tao hdn Ong Ma Khuong Duy - Trudng Phong Dan tdc huyen eho bidt: 'Thye tg a cac Ngay nay, viec to chiic sinh nhat kliong chi dien gia dinli ma da ma rong [| chiic tho co tinh chinh quyen pham vi thon ban Tap chi Ddnidchgcsd5~2019 xdm/ban, sd cdn nhieu ban, dac biet la d nbtrng thdn cd ddng bao diin tdc Hmdng, Dao sinh sdng He luy cua nan tao hdn, hdn nhiin can huyet thdng la lam giam chit lugng dan sd, chit lugng gidng not, can trd qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, day ngudi dan vao vdng ddi ngheo, keo theo nhieu he luy khac nhu benh tat, te nanxa hgi, " (Minh Tuan, 2018) Tac gia Phan Ke Binh kbi nghien cim ve phong tuc tap quan cua Viet Nam da viet: "Ta ngoanh lai ma xem nhirng ttic cii thi td nhieu dieu trudc la hay ma bay gid hda hu bai lim rdi, khdng phai la td tien ta trudc cd vung dai gi, chi la thdi the mdi luc mdt khac, ma mdi lan bien ciii thi cai tritih khai hda lai tan tdi them len mdt timg Ay cdng la cai le tu nhien cua tao hda nhu the" (Phan Ke Binh, 2014, tr 7) Nhu vay la, khdng phai mgi phong tuc tap quan deu cd the tdn tai mai mai va phii hgp vdi su phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua cac giai doan lich sir Nha nghien ciru Phan Ke Binh ldi "Tua" eudn "Viet Nam phong tuc" ciing da khiing dinb: "Dai the tuc gi ciing vay, phiii trai liiu thang lau nam mdi dugc, ma nhirng tuc iiy ciing co tuc hay, ciing cd tue dd" (Phan Ke Binh, 2014, h 7) Tuc hay se ddng vai trd tich cue viec dieu chinh cac quan he xa hdi, xay dung tinh doan kit cdng ddng diin cu, thuc day su phat trien kinh te, xa hdi cua vung mien mil thi cin phat huy Tuc dd (loi thdi) se kim ham kha nang tilp can nhimg tiln bd cua khoa hpc ky thuat; can trd sir phat triln kinh tl; can trd nhiem vu xda ddi giam ngheo, vay can CO bien phap loai bd, cim ap dung Thuc tl cho thay, nhitng tuc dd hien dlu hai vdi cac nguyen tic ca ban cita phap luat Viet Nam hien hanh, nhu xua tuc "bit va" la mgt net dep dgc daottongddi sdng van hda ciia ngudi Hmdng, the nhtmg hien tuc da bien tudng hu tuc, khiin nhilu be gai mdi hgc ciip Trung hgc ca sd da bi bat lam vg Vai tro cia phong tuc, tap quan xay dirng Nong thon mdi Ngay nay, phap luat dugc xae dinh la cdng cu quan trgng nhit viec dieu chinh cac quan he xa hdi Song, chimg muc nhit dinh, phong tuc, tap quan vdi nhirng dac tnmgriengludn la ngudn bd sung, ddi d mdt sd Hnh viie cd the dilu chinh cac quan be xa hgi, nhit la nhimg quan he phat sinh sinh boat thudng cua mdt cgng ddng dan cu nhat dinh 2.1 Phong tue, tap qudn su tuang trg giup da cung phdt trien Din nay, tap quan tuang trg giiip dd (tucmg than, tuang ai) van giir mgt vai trd dang kettongddi sdng xa hgi cac dan tdc thieu sd mien niti tinh Cao Bang Vao miia vu, dl cdng doan trdng trgt tren rudng, nuong dugc dien kip vdi dien bien thdi tilt, tranh cua, dc cin pha liia non, han chi dan chudi va chim pha hoai, cac hd thonAan da ddi cdng cho hoac vin cdng d mdt sd cdng doan Ddi vdi rudng lua nude, ngudi dan ddi cdng d nhirng cdng doan cay, biia, nhd ma, ciy, gat; vdi nuong liia, tap quan vin cdng cd thi tit khau dgn nuong, din tra hat va thu hai Viec lam vita tao them su gan 8Q _ ^ lArar^Thimrih_ ket eac vien cdng ddng va dem lai hieu qua eao lao ddng san xuat, vita dap ling kip thdi vu, Tm'dng bgp gia dinh ban cd ngudi than qua ddi dung vao mua vu, trudng thdn se cat cu ngudi ddn cay, bira, nhd ma, cdy, gat giup gia dinh tang chii Ngoai ra, mgi nguoi phai tham gia cae cdng viec eiia nha dam theo su phan cdng cua trudng thdn", gdm cac to: td di lay eui, idy la dong, hai mang (chii ydu phu nii); td vao rimg chat cay de chang chdng nha cira, lam nha tang, lam cang khieng ao quan (chii ydu dan dng); td lam bdp, kigm di chg, mugn bat dua, am chen (td trudng thdn lua chgn) Truac cdn cd nhdm cat khau quan ao tang cho chau ngudi qua co va phSn Idn la phu nii Ion tudi Hidn nay, quan ao tang cd thd mua sEn d chg ngn nhdm ngudi cd thd chuydn sang giup do, ho trg chu nha nhung cdng viec khae Du dam nhan vi tri cdng vide nao thi mdi ca nhan ddu rat cd trach nhiem va coi nhu edng viec ciia nha minh Mac du kinh tg hang hda va quan he theo co chg thi trudng da xam nhap den eac thdn/ban, song tap quan giiip da liie khd khan van dugc ddng bao luu giii Theo chiing tdi, day la mdt tap tuc dep ckn dugc phat huy, vi nd la cdi ngudn eiia sy gan ket dd tao ngn siie manh dai doan kdt toan dan tde, dac biet vdi mdt tinh bidn gidi nhu Cao Bang, thi doan kdt khdng ehi nh5m hoan mue tidu phat tridn kinh td, xay dyng ndng thdn mdi, ma cdn nham bao ve timg tac dat bidn cuong phia Bac ciia td qudc Tir nhiing edng vide cd ft-ong kd hoach nhu lam nha mdi, cudi hdi, lg cau an, cau phiic , dgn nhiing vide dot xu4t nhu tang ma, bdn canh giiip nhung edng vide dam, dong bao cdn ho trg ca vat chat va tinh than, ma tieng Tay - Niing ggi la pang, nghTa la sy trg giiip gidng nhu ky giri khdng lai suat Cac bien vat dg giiip kha da dang, thuong la gao, rugu, lgn, ga tiiy thude vao nhu cau sir dung ciia gia dinh co dam (nguoi nhan) Giira ngudi giiip va ngudi nhan khdng cd van ban ky ket bang giay, song van cd thda thuan bang mieng vd thdi gian hoan tra, cd thg tii vai thang, mdt nam cho den vai nam, nghTa la nao ngudi giiip cd ygu cau thi ngudi nhan se tra lai Do do, tat ca eae dd pang deu dugc bgn gia dinh ngudi nhan ghi chep can than (chii ygu vigt lgn cot nha, xa nha hoac tam van bung gan gian thd, noi tre khdng vdi tdi), de sau chau ngudi nhan pang cd trach nhiem tra lai diing bang sd lugng da nhan, Cd thg ndi, ddi sdng kinh tg ciia ddng bao cdn gap nhieu khd khan, tuc pang da giiip ngudi dan mien niii Cao Bang vugt qua nhiing bidn cd ciia eudc sdng Vi vay, theo chiing tdi, pang la mdt tap quan tdt dep, rat phii hgp vai chinh sach '7a Idnh diim Id rdch" ma Nha nude ta dang kliuydn khich thye hien nhieu nam qua Do vay, tuc pang can dugc coi trgng va nen duoc ap dung vao viec giiip phat tridn kinh td, xda ddi giam ngheo, gdp ph4n ciing ed •* Trudc day, phii trach viec lien quan den lang ma chii yeu phuong hdi, c6 nai goi la phuone nhe thuc hien, trudng trurn giii vai tro nhu tmdng ihon hien Tap chi Ddn tpc hpc sd'5 - 2019 khdi dai doan kdt cgng dong, nhara xay dung gia dinh am no, binh ydn nai thdn ban Do ciing chinh la muc dich ma tidu ehi xay dyng Ndng thdn moi hudng ddn va phai hoan 2.2 Phong tuc, tap quan gido due dao dire, hdnh vi ung xii- cdc quan he xd hpi Mdt nhirng phong tuc an tugng, thd hidn net ridng, d6 la tuc td chiic sinh nhat cho bd me, dng ba ma tidng Nimg ggi la vdn slinh Khdng rd le sinh nhat ehinh xae cd tir bao gid, nhung dugc lim truygn tif ddi sang ddi khac va tdn tai cho ddn Tiiy tung dia phuong, viec td chiic sinh nhat ed thd thye hien ngudi cd chau ndi hay chau ngoai, nghia la len chiie dng, chiic ba ; ciing c6 noi quy djnh nguai dugc td chiic sinh nhat phai bi 60 tudi trd len Ddng bao khdng lam gid cho ngudi da khuat, ma chi lam Id sinh nhat mimg thg dng ba, cha me cdn sdng Ld sinh nhat dugc thye hien ddu dan mdi nam mgt lan diing vao sinh cua ngudi va tri cho ddn ngudi d6 khuat niii vd vai tien td Day la dip chau te tuu ddng dii, the hien sy kinh trgng bao bidu, quan tam khdng ehi cham sdc ve mat the chat, ma cdn quan tam tai yeu td tinh than dd ngudi gia vui khde, it benh tat, Theo do, nhiing ngudi eon trai d rigng se lan lugt lam lg sinh nhat cho bd me, cdn cac gai da di lay chdng it nhat phai dem lgn quay, ga thign, qua banh vg lam sinh nhat cho bo me mgt lan ddi, mdt sd vimg, ngudi Nung quan niem ngu thg duge 60 tudi tire la het mgt vdng dai ngudi va mudn sdng tidp vdng ddi thir hai thi phai lam Id sinh nhat, vi thd to chirc sinh nhat khdng thd thidu Id thiic Pu lu&ng - Bit luang, nghTa la bd sung thdm luang thirc va ndi sd menh dd bd me se sdng khde manh, sdng lau, hudng phiic Igc vdi chau Trong lg sinh nhat, cac gia dinh thudng vcvbi ba Then vg lam lg hat kgt hgp miia phu hga de cung thinh vai td tidn ring hdm sinh nhat mgt vidn nha, mdi td tien ve an cd Nam dau tien td ehiic le mimg sinh nhat cho dd se mdi ddng khach nhat, gdm hg hang than thich, hang xdm lang gidng, Khach tham du lan lugt tdi chao va chue nhung ldi tdt dep, kem theo qua, thudng la can gao, ga, tam ao, chide khan, ddi hai hoan canh kinh te ciia gia dinh ma chgn qua tang phii hgp Nhiing nam tiep theo td chiic nhd ban, ndu khong CO didu kien thi khdng mdi khach nhung van lam co lidn hoan gia dinh dd ngudi gia dugc vui Cd thd ndi, le mimg smh nhat rdt cd gia tri vd tinh than, ngoai viec that chat tinh doan ket, cung chia nggt se biii, la dip chau khic ghi cdng on ngudi sinh thanh, ducmg due, thi ndi dung cua nhiing bai ciing cac ba Then thue hien edn Sn ehiia nhirng gia tri nhan van sau sic vd phan eai, dao lam ngudi Vi the, thdng qua viec td ehiic sinh nhat cho ngudi cao tudi dg giao due dao dire, ldi sdng eho thd he tre la vide lam that su can thidt Tntong hgp khong c6 trai, thi gai va phai diing to chtic sinh nhat cho bo me vg Nguai Itliong CO cai thirong khong t6 chiic, hoac nSu co thi nam t6 chiic mot i k Day la diem khac biet giiia nguoi CO va nguoi khong 82 ^ UfmgThiHgnh_ Nhiing nam gan day, ngoai vide td chiie tai gia dinh, le sinh nhat cdn co cac ngi, dai dien cbinh quyen dia phuong tham gia chiic mimg, ggi la le miing thg, vira kd thua tuc le xua, viia the hien dugc su quan tam ciia cdng ddng va cac td chirc doan the xa hgi doi voi ngudi cao tudi, gdp phan hoan tidu ehi xay dung Ndng thdn mdi 2.3 Phong tuc, tap qudn bdo ve nguon tdi nguyen ritng Phong tuc tap quan vai tu each la mdt loai quy pham xa hdi dac thii, ngoai chirc nang dieu chinh hanh vi iing xir ciia ngudi vdi nhau, cdn la cdng cu didu cbinh huu hieu eac boat dgng quan ly tai nguygn dat dai, riing, ngudn nuac, Trdn co sd nhan thiie sy gan bd mat thidt vdi thign nhign va sy tae ddng tra lai ciia thien nhien ddi vdi ddi song ngudi, da hinh mgt quan nidm dan gian d cae dan tdc tinh Cao Bang la dat dai, rimg niii, sdng suoi, cay edi ddu chiia dung nhiing linh hdn cac vi than cai quan Khi ngudi ed nhu cau sir dung phai xam pham tdi ty nhidn thi dgu phai co Idi cau xin Tham chi, trudng hgp hoan toan khdng cd sy xam pham tdi dd, nhung vi quy dinh nghidm ngat cua tap tuc ngudi van phai thye hien mgt sd nghi Id cau eiing tir dau nam mai, chang han nhu le Cling rimg Dieu cho thay, eon ngudi da bidt lgi dung cac luc lugng sidu nhien de bao ve ngudn tai nguyen tai cdng ddng dang sinh sdng Ro rang, ngoai phap luat ciia Nba nude, dd boat dgng quan ly tai nguygn cd hieu qua, can cd sy kgt hgp vdi phong tuc Bdi vi, didu kien eae dan tgc thidu sd vdn phat trien khdng dong ddu, nhung quy pham phap luat khdng phai nao va d dau ciing hoan toan phii hgp vdi cac vimg mien, cac edng ddng dan cu khac Ndi cacb khac, Nha nude khdng the nao "luat hda" dugc mgi ITnh vye, mgi ngd ngaeh ciia ddi sdng xa hgi, bdi thye tidn ludn cd nhihig tinh hudng ma phap luat van khd didu chinh Do vay, mdi mdt cong ddng tdc ngudi, mdi lang ban, ludn can ddn eae quy dinh cu thd, gan giii, dd higu, dd thye hidn cho mgi vidn lang ban (Nguyen Thj Tuydt Mai, 2014) Tir thue te trgn, nhung nam qua, Dang va Nha nude ta da cd nhigu chii truang kd thira va phat huy nhirng phong tuc tap quan tdt dep cho vide quan ly cgng ddng, bao ve ngudn tai nguygn thien nhien d viing ddng bao dan tdc thigu sd Trudc day, mdi tdc ngudi ddu cd nhung phuong thiie quan ly rung, vdi cac quy dinh r4t chat che, dac biet ddi voi rimg thieng Chang han nhu vd mat tam linh, dugc cho la mgt thg lyc "vd hinh" - than linh eai quan va sd hiru Sau do, tiiy theo phong tuc tap quan cua moi dan tdc, than linh lai iiy quydn cho ddi ngu chiie sac eiia ban lang, cd dan tde giao thiy ciing thay mat than linh cai quan cac khu rirng thieng, nhung ciing cd dan tdc truang hg hay gia lang cai quan Ngay nay, nhiing khu rimg thieng ddu cdng dong quan ly, song mgi viec lign quan dgn tin ngudng vg rimg vln thiy ciing dam nhiem Ai ty tien vao riing elm dd ehat cay se bi phat bing tidn, ngd hoac thdc nop vao quy ciia thdn/ban Vdi each thtic bao ve ning nhu vay, mdt thdi gian dai cac dan tgc thigu sd da bao ve dugc nhiing canh rime ludn xanh tuai Tgp chi Ddn tdc hpc so'5 - 2019 Thdi ky tai thigt dit nuac va phuc vu khang chign (1955 - 1975), Nha nuoc dd chi chil trgng vao khai thac ma coi nhe viec bao ve, lam cho nguon tai nguydn rimg trd nen can kiet Budc sang thdi ky Ddi mdi, cac phuong thiic quan ly trudc day da thay ddi hoac bi mit di vi khdng cdn phu hgp vai quan he san xuit mdi Vi thd, cac khu rimg edng ddng hidn chii ygu dan cu thdn/ban tu quan ly Tu thuc trang va ydu cau nhiem vu phat trien kinh td - xa hgi viing cao thai ky Ddi mdi, Chii tieh Hgi ddng Bd trucmg (nay la Thii tuong Chinh phii) da Quydt dinh sd 69/CT 4/3/1992 ve lap chuang trinh phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi vimg cao phia BIC, ggi tit la "Chuong trinh tdng thd viing eao" voi nhidu ehuong trinh cy thg, giao dit, giao rimg la mdt nhimg chinh sach trgng tam eua Nha nude, vdi muc tidu tat ca eae khu dat, mdi canh rimg, mdi qua ddi deu c6 ngudi lam chii, nham nang cao chat lugng rimg, tang che phii rimg va gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo viing cao Theo do, dat lam nghigp dugc giao khoan, hay eon ggi la khoan dat rung san xuat cho cac hd gia dinh va ca nhan vdi nhiem vu vira san xuat, vira bao ve, Nha nuac ehi ddng vai trd tao khung phap ly dieu chinh moi quan he va hanh vi giiia bdn giao khoan va bdn nhan khoan Cd thd ndi, chinh sach giao dat rung lau dai cho hd gia dinh da phat huy dugc hieu qua Sli dung dat dai va bao ve rimg, nhigu hd gia dinh da thye hien cac boat ddng dau tu trdng rimg, khoanh nudi rimg, timg buac hinh viing eay cdng nghiep, cay an qua, dugc lieu san pham hang hda cd gia tri, gdp phan nang cao thu nhap cho hg, ddng thdi trye tiep lam tang ehe phii ciia rimg Mac dii Luat Bao ve va Phat trign rimg ciia Nha nude da dugc ban hanh, song ddng bao vln van dung nhiing quy djnh cua tap quan dd giii gin, bao ve dat dai, bang each d nhirng ddi trdng cam trdng xen dudi tan la cay vung, lac, bau, bi; ddi trdng du dli xen dudi tan la nhiing loai cay ngd, khoai lang, Khi lamed eho cac ddi cay, cd dugc rai deu dudi gdc dd giir Im eho dit, xdp da hoac lam rao chan dudi dang bac thang nham giii dat rimg khdi bi rira trdi Ranh gidi dit rung giua cac hg gia dinh dugc phan djnh kha ro rang: khe sudi, gdc cay to, tang da Idn dgu cd thg trd mdc giai Trudng hgp mdt qua ddi dugc giao cho hai hg quan ly, thi hr tren dinh ddi xudng dudi ehan ddi se dao mdt muong nhd lam ranh gidi chia ddi, hoac thay bing dao muong cd thd phat mgt dudng rdng khoang Im tir trdn dinh xudng chan ddi lam mdc Dit thugc pham vi quan ly ciia hd nao, chi hd dd dugc phep trdng trgt, dung nha, thu hai lam thd san^ Tuy nhidn, dii ap dung quy dmh ciia tap quan thi su sd him eung khdng tach rdi cac nguyen tie co ban ciia phap luat Vi phap luat la cong cu quan trgng nhit vide dam bao cho xa hgi tdn tai va phat tnen cdng bang, mgi boat ddng ' Khi Imiig ban co dam cuoi hay vao nha m6i, dam ma , chi cin chu nha co dam ngo lai thi chii vircm san sang vao vucm rimg cua minh hai mang, chat cay liy ciii giup nha co dam, tren Imh than sau minh can nguoi ta se giiip lai 83 84 ^ ^ UmgThiHgnh_ eiia cae ca nhan, gia dinh, cgng ddng xa hdi ngoai vide tuan thu tap quan, phai nghiem ehinh chap hanh phap luat Mot vai nhan xet Phong tuc tap quan la san pham cua qua trinh tich luy, ehat Igc tir nhirng kinh nghiem cua cugc sdng hang ngan nam ciia moi dan tge Vi thd, nd rat gan gui voi Idi sdng cua ddng bao va tra edng cy die lyc vide didu cbinh hanh vi ung xu ciia cac ea nhan, dac biet la hanh vi dao diic, tir giiip mdi ngudi ed y thiic, hanh vi tdt hon phii hgp voi nhiing chuin myc truydn thdng eua ndng thdn mien niii Bdn canh nhiing phong tyc tap quan tidn bd ddng vai tro tieh eye, gop phan hoan cac tidu chi ma Chuong trinh xay dyng Ndng thdn moi dd ra, mgt sd tap quan khdng cdn phii hgp, dang bdc lg nhirng nhugc didm nhu tue cudp vg, tao hdn, hdn nhan can huydt thdng gay rao can cho su phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi d viing mien nui tinh Cao Bang ndi ridng va Viet Nam ndi chung Vi vay, nhung phong tuc, tap quan dugc van dung phai dugc nhan dien rd rang, khdng trai vdi dao dire xa hgi va cac nguygn tae ea ban cua phap luat Viet Nam Nhiing phong tue tap quan ldi thdi chigm ty le nhd ddi sdng ciia mdi tdc ngudi, song lai tidm an nguy co dd bi ke xau lgi dung gay kich ddng, chia re khdi dai doan kdt dan tgc, anh hudng xau ddn tinh hinh an ninh xa hgi, dac bidt vdi mdt tinh mien niii bien gidi nhu Cao Bang Bdi vay, viec xda bd tap quan khdng phii hgp ddi vdi gia dinh, cgng ddng xa hdi la can thiet, song phai tim giai phap tir han chd, rdi den loai bd dan chir khdng thg diing phap luat Nha nude, menh lenh hanh chinh dd bat huge nguai dan phai xda bd lap tii'c Tai lieu tham khao Ban Chi dao cac Chuong trinh Muc tidu Qudc gia xay dyng Ndng thdn mdfi tinh Cao Bang (2015), Bdo cdo tong kit ndm thicc hien Chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia xdy dung Nong thon m&i tinh Cao Bdng giai dogn 2011 - 2015, Uy ban nhan dan tinh Cao Bang Phan Kd Binh (2014), Viet Nam phong tuc Nxb Van hgc, HaNgi Duong Thi Lieu (2013), Gido trinh vdn hoa kinh doanh, Nxb Dai hgc Kinh td qudc dan, HaNgi Nguygn Thj Tuyet Mai (2014), Ap dung tap qudn gidi quyet cdc vu tranh chdp ddn su cita Todn dn nhdn ddn a Viet Nam hien nay, Luan an Tidn sT Luat bge Hoe vien Chinh trj qude gia Hd Chi Minh Truong Thin (2010), 101 dieu cdn biet ve tin ngicong vd phong tuc, Nxb Thoi Dai Ha Ndi Tic dien Tieng Viet (2007), Nxb Da Ning - Trung tam tu didn hgc, Ha Ngi Minh Tuan (2018), Noi lo tdo hon vd hon nhdn cdn huyet thdng & Cao Bang trdn trang https://www.nhandan.com.vn (truy cap 08/10/2018) ... chirc doan the xa hgi doi voi ngudi cao tudi, gdp phan hoan tidu ehi xay dung Ndng thdn mdi 2.3 Phong tuc, tap qudn bdo ve nguon tdi nguyen ritng Phong tuc tap quan vai tu each la mdt loai quy pham... than, dng ba, eha me va gia dinh Trong qua trinh xay dyng Ndng thdn mai, phong tuc Cling dugc ngudi dan phat huy r^t hieu qua Tuy nhien, cung vdi thdi gian, mdt sd phong tuc tap quan khdng cdn phu... lam vg Vai tro cia phong tuc, tap quan xay dirng Nong thon mdi Ngay nay, phap luat dugc xae dinh la cdng cu quan trgng nhit viec dieu chinh cac quan he xa hdi Song, chimg muc nhit dinh, phong