XAY DlTNG D d i SONG TINH THAN TAI VUNG DONG BANG SONG CLfU LONG HIEN NAY TRANMAILTOC" Tom tat: Thuc tien da chdng minh Dong bkng sdng Cdu Long khdng nhdng co vi tri, vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi suphat triin kinh te'- van hoa - xa hdi cua ditnudc, ma cdn la "vua Ida" va vung tring cay lUdng thuc noi tieng cda Viet Nam, vung dii dupc biet den la mdt nhdng ndi co ddi sd'ng tinh thin rat da dang va phong phd Bai viit trinh bay va phin tich nhdng vin dilidn quan din xay dUng ddi sd'ng tinh thin tai vung Ding bang sdng Cdu Liong Takhoa: Dong bkng sdng Cdu Liong; ddi sd'ng tinh thin Abstract: The Cuu Long or Mekong delta plays an important role in economic, social and cultural development of the nation It is also known for the diverse mental life of local people This article discussed the development of mental life of people in the Mekong Delta Keywords: Mekong Delta; mental life Ngay nhan bai: 12/12/2018; Ngay sda bai: 18/2/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 27/6/2019 Dan nhap Ddng bing sdng C^u Long (DBSCL), cdn ggi la vung Ddng bing Nam Bg hoac mien Tay Nam Bd, cd 12 tinh va phd trfle thudc trung fldng Ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long la mdt bd phan cua ehau thd sdng Md Kdng cd didn ticb 39 734km^, theo kdt qua dieu tra dan so' 01/04/2011, sd'lieu mdi cap nhat la 17,51 trieu ngfldi*^\ chiem 19,8% dan sd'ea nfldc Ty Id tang dan sdbinh quan 1999-2009 la 0,6% DBSCL cd vi tri nim lien ke vdi vung Ddng Nam Bg, phia Bic giap Campuehia, phia Tay Nam la vinh Thai Lan, phia Ddng Nam la Bien Ddng Vung Ddng bang sdng Ct£u Long cua Viet Nam dfldc binh tfl nhflng trim tieh phu sa va bdi dan qua nhflng ky nguyen thay ddi mfle nfldc bien; qua tflng giai doan keo theo sfl hinh nhflng gidng cat doc theo bd bien Nhflng boat ddng hdn hdp ciia sdng va bidn da binh nhflng vat [g NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hfil da't phfl sa phi nhidu doc theo dd ven sdng lan dgc theo mot so gidng cat ven bien va da't phen trdn trim tich dam man triing tha'p nhfl vung Ddng Thap Mfldi, tfl giac Long Xuydn Ha Tidn, tay nam sdng Hau va ban dao Ca Mau'^\ Ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long la vung da't hdi cfl ciia nhieu tgc ngfldi, chu yd'u la ngfldi Viet (90%), ngfldi Khdme (6%), ngfldi Hoa (2%), cdn lai la ngfldi Cham*^' Hg cung chung sd'ng va phat trien **' Trudng Dai hoc Ngan h a n g Tp Ho Chi Minh; Email: maiuoc2001@yahoo.cora '" Theo Tong cue Dan so', http://www gopfp.gov vn/home;jsessionid=A6040AE21 245AC69352B630E805C08B3?p_p_id=47 '^* http://voer.edu.vn/m/dong-bang-song-cuulong/986260da "* http.//ptit edu vn/wps/portal/nongthonvn/ !ut/p/c5 /O4^SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hLizBHdlcf[ wMLS0szA0-3UIswU08fdz93Q6B8JJ K8v5mRm4Gn 17m2i 6uPm7GRmRlu3R burub64SD780sHyRvgAI4 GBPSb6vt550em6hfkRhhkBqQrAgC53xBF/dl3/d3/L2 dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ Sit 9-2019 T R A N MAI UOC cac loai hinh boat ddng kinh te Qua trinh doan hdi nhap toan dien (tfl thap nidn hinh va phat tri^n dd'n nay, cd the 1970 dd'n nay)**\ Dang qua trinh hdi khang dinh rang, DBSCL khdng ehi la nhap vSn hda vdi cae vung mien trdn ca "vfla lua" va vung trdng cay Ifldng thflc noi nflde va van hda nhan loai Va xuydn sud't tidhg cua Viet Nam, ma edn dfldc bid't dd'n cac qua trinh binh va phat la mdt nhflng ndi cd ddi sd'ng tinh tridn nay, ddi sdng tinh thin eua vung than ra't da dang va phong phu DBSCL noi Idn nhflng dae diem cd ban, Cd thd' ndi ring, sud't chieu dai dang lflu y, eu the nhfl sau: lich sxi, van hda truyen thd'ng cac dan tdc d Tha nhi't, ddi song tinh than cua vung Vidt Nam ndi ehung, vung DBSCL ndi Dong bang sdng COu Long gin lien vdi ridng ludn dfldc tich tu, gin gifl va dfldc van hda nong nghidp lua nfldc xem la di san quy gia, gdp phan lam ndn DBSCL nim tren lflu vflc song Me sfl phong phu, da dang va thdng nha't cua Kdng, ddng thdi ciing la cai ndi ciia nen nen van hda Viet Nam Boi canh hidn nay, van hda lua nflde, van minh ndng nghidp ddng chay toan ciu hda, trfldc sfl tac dien hinh d Vidt Nam Dfldc binh tfl ddng, anh hfldng va lan tda cua each mang qua trinh lui din cua bien keo dai hang edng nghidp 4.0 (CMCN 4.0), vide giii gin, ngan nam Toan bd vung Ddng bang phat huy ddi sd'ng tinh thin tai vflng la san pham bdi ling phu sa ra't lau ddi DBSCL la nhidm vu va vide lam mang ca cua sdng Ciiu Long Khi hau mang tinb y nghia ly luan va thflc tidn sau sic chat nhiet ddi gid mua Thdi tid't cd hai NhiJng dac diem cd ban cua ddfi mua mfla va mua ning ro rdt, d DBSCL tfl song tinh t h a n cua v u n g Dong b a n g thang lai la mua lu ve dd boi tu phfl sa song C ^ Long eho toan vung Dfldc bao hgc bdi bai eon Chung ta ed the khai quat lieh sxi vung sdng la sdng Tien va sdng Hau vdi he van hda DBSCL tam chia cac giai thd'ng kdnh day dac, DBSCL eung dfldc doan ed ban gdm: (i) Giai doan hinh xem la ndi hdi tu cua Ddng Nam A thdi (khoang tfl thd' ky XVII dd'n gifla thd' ky tien sii, "trd mot bd phan cai XIX) Giai doan chfla dflng nhflng gia ehung eua van hda Viet Nam va van hda tri thdi ky khin hoang, lflu dan eac Ddng Nam A Net ehung noi trdi dang lflu dan tde tidp xuc, giao lflu vdi y nha't vin la trdn cai nen ehung - nen van mdi trfldng tfl nhidn mang tinh dac thu minh thdn da va van hda lang tiing lam cua vung dit Tay Nam Bd; (ii) Giai doan eho toan canh eua van hda Viet Nam va phat trien (khoang tfl gifla the' ky XIX dd'n Ddng Nam A van la "van hda, van minh thap nidn 1970) Giai doan chfla dflng trdng lfla nfldc""® O day yd'u tdddng bang nhflng gia tri truyen thd'ng da hinh tbdi ky trfldc, dfldc bd sung bang '•'' https://dqvw.wordpress.com/2015/01/1 S'de-cuong-vhdbscV nhiing ydu td' van bda thdi ky tid'p '^' Nhieu tac gia (2000), Van hoa Nam bp khong gian xa hpi Dong Nam A, Nxb Dai hoc Quoc Gia xuc vdi van hda phfldng Tay; (iii) Giai Th^nh p h ^ H Chi Minh, tr.l40 S6 9-2010 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hfil Q| XAY DUNG DCJI SONG TINH THAN TAI VUNG DOiNU BAJNU chid'm vai trd chu dao nhflng ddng thdi cflng dfldc bao hgc bdi sdng, bidn Trfldc cae cdng ddng cfl dan Viet, Hoa, Cham cd mat b day thi DBSCL xfla da hinh mdt nen van hda ndng nghidp lua nfldc, chan nudi, trdng trgt Nhflng vi nhieu ly khae nd hi vui Idng da't mdt thdi gian dai trai qua nbieu bie'n cd' cua nhflng eudc chidn tranh cho dd'n thd' ky XVI - XVII cfl dan b mien Bic, mien Trung tid'n vao khai hoang Hg da mang theo nhflng tinh each va ldi sd'ng cua cfl dan ndng nghidp lua nfldc cd truyen, nhflng kinh nghidm khai hoang lap ip, kinh nghidm lam lfla nfldc nhfl mdt cd't each tam hdn, y ehi va nghi lflc quyd't tam khai pha viing da't mdi de sinh tdn trfldc cac dieu kidn ciia tfl nhidn Tha hai, ddi sd'ng tinh than cua vdng Dong bing sdng Cdu Long gin lien vdi sU giao thoa van hda giUa cac dan tdc vUng Ndi de'n DBSCL la ndi dd'n van hda ciia eae dan tde eung cdng cfl tren mdt vung da't gdm bd'n tdc ngfldi: Viet, Hoa, Khmer, Cham Trong dd, giao lflu, giao thoa va hda nhap van hda la mdt ye'u to' dac trflng cua van hda vung mien, do eung la mdt dac trflng ddi sd'ng tinh thin cua cfl dan DBSCL Lieh sii ghi nban ring, khdng gian van bda DBSCL la mdt khdng gian van hda md, ben canh tid'p thu nhflng ludng van hda khac tfl An Do, Trung Qudc, kbdng gian van hda DBSCL cdn tid'p nhan van hda phfldng Tay Trong qua trinh lao ddng cbinh phue thidn nbidn cijng nhfl da'u tranh chong lai ap bfle QJ NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI bde lot cua eac giai cap phong kid'n va sau la thfle dan dd' qudc thdng tri, eae cdng ddng dan tdc d DBSCL da doan kd't va hda hdp vdi Day chinh la cd sd de mdi tgc ngfldi tdn tai va phat trien, ddng thdi didn qua trinh giao lifu van hda mot each tfl nguydn va sau sic nha't Ve phfldng didn tinh thin, sfl giao thoa, giao lflu dd ciing the hien trdn t i t ca eac mat eua ddi sd'ng tinh thin: ddi sd'ng tin ngfldng, tdn giao, ngdn ngfl, phong tue tap quan, cac hoat ddng ll hdi, giao due, nghe thuat Xet ve phfldng didn sfl giao lflu lien quan dd'n ddi sd'ng van hda tinh thin gifla eac cdng ddng cfl dan d DBSCL dflde bieu hidn cu the d eac khia canh: Mdt la, ve ddi sd'ng tdn giao, tin ngfldng Ca ba dan tdc Viet, Hoa, Khmer deu cd thd Phat ed khac ve mat tdng phai Theo phong tuc dia phfldng, trdng cac Id Idn cua ddng bao deu ed ngfldi Hoa, ngfldi Viet tham gia Dac bidt Id "Bon Banh Chds Say Ma" (Ld Ke't Gidi), la mot Id Idn cua Phat giao Nam tdng Khmer dfldc td chflc ra't quy md, trgng the, nghiem trang ngdi Chinh Didn eua ehua dfldc xay ca't hoan chinh Ngoai cae tin Phat txi la ngfldi Khmer, cdn ed ca ba ngfldi Hoa, ngfldi Viet tham gia dfl Id vdi long kinh hfldng ve dflc Phat Trong tin ngfldng, ngfldi Viet, ngfldi Hoa eung deu ed thd Neakta cua ngfldi Khmer, hay ngfldi Khmer va ngfldi Viet, deu cd dflc tin ddi vdi Quan Cdng, Ba Thidn Hau cua ngfldi Hoa O eac vung dan cfl hdn hdp d DBSCL ta ciing thgy phd bid'n hidn tfldng cac cd sd tdn giao eua cae dan tdc khac cung xay dflng ben SO 9-2010 TRAN MAI U