Vai trò công tác xã hội trong bệnh viện tại úc

BAI BAO TONG QL AN Vai tro cong tac xa hoi bfnh vifn t^i Uc Nguyen Ddc Huu'' [M^ic tieu: Mo ta tam quan trgng cua cong tac xa hfi U-ong benh vifn, hogt dpng thuc hanh ciia nhan vien • c o n ^ a c xa hoi viec hfi tro cho he thong benh vifn tai IJc ' f i l i n g ph^p nghiSn cihi: Tong quan tai lieu tfr cac nghiSn ciiu cua Hifp hoi cong tac xa hfi Uc ve hogt [dfng cong tde xa hpi bfnh vien (AASW) v6i 13 tai lieu dupc tac gia trich d i n iK^tffBa nghiSn ciru: Tai Uc, cong tac xa hfi bfnh vifn c6 vai tro bao vf quyfin dupc cham s6c [ s ^ f c l i o e ciia nguoi bfnh thong qua vifc tu van cac van de xa hpi co lien quan cho ngudi bfnh vA gia hp q u i trinh dilu trj; tim kilm cac dich vy ho trp tren c a sa tim hieu va phan tich cdc y l u jjxaFpi c6 anh hu6ng d i n siic kh6e cua nguoi bfnh; ket noi cac djch vu h i tra cho tung nguoi bfnh; [nghien cim cung cap bang chiing tfr thuc te hoat dpng de dS xuat chinh sach; ho trp giai toa tam ly cho •nguai|Denh, nguoi nha va nhan vi£n y t£ I ^ ^ ^ H n : Tai Uc, nhan vien CTXH bfnh vien cung cap dich vy true tiep nham giam thieu tac dpng cua bfnh tat qud trinh nhgp vien Theo do, nghe cfing tac xa hfii duoc coi nhu mpt dich vy thilt y l u va li£n tyc chudi dtch vy ma hf thong bfnh vifn cung cap TU khda: Cong tde xd hgi, dich vu chdm sdc y te, benh vi^n, Uc D A T VAN DE vien CTXH frong bfnh vifn Id cau n i i d l gidi quylt cae mau tauin giua benh nhan va nhan Cong tac xa hpi (CTXH) frong bfita vifn CO vai fro dae bift quan frgng frong viec tgo dyng moi quan he hai hoa giua tinh thdn va tae chdt cua ngudi bfnh, giira ngudi benh vdi ngudi than, giua ngudi benh vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh va vdi rtadn vien y te (1) Cong tac xa hpi frong benh vien Id ede hogt dgng ho frg ngudi bfnh, ngudi nha ngudi benh vd cae nhan vien y te benh vifn nhdm gidi quylt cdc van de xa hgi vd tdm Iy lien quan din benh tat va qua trinh kham chiia bfnh Myc dich Id h i frp eac nhom doi tapng khac phyc nhiing kho khan ve xa hpi de dat dupc hifu qua cham soc sue khoe tdt nhat Nhan # *Tdcgid lien hf: Nguyen Due Hiiu Email: huund@dhcd.edu.vn • Tmdng Bgi hpc Cong dodn vien y te, giira bfnh nhan vd benh nhdn, benh nhan va ngudi nhd bfnh nhan Trong qua tiinh hgi nhdp va phat tiiln, viec tiep cgn mo hinh hogt dpng eong tac xa hpi ttong benh vien eiia cde quie gia phat tiiln la kinh nghiem d l Viet Nam ndng eao hifu qua taye hdnh CTXH tgi benh vifn Hifp hgi cdng tde xa hgi Oe (Austialian Association of Social Work - AASW) eung cdp mpt cai nhm ting quan vl vai ttd, phiim vi vd sy dong gop cua cdng tde xa hpi ttong benh vifn Theo Hifp hpi nay, nghi cong tac xa hpi cam Ngdy nhdn hdi 30/11/2019 Ngdy phdn bifn: 11/02/2020 Ngdy dang bdt: 24/03/2020 T^ chi Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sic khde vd Phdt triin (Tdp 04, So 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04, No.01-2020) kit tli da h6a phuc lgi cua ca nhan, gia fflnh, nhom, cgng ding va xa hgi Hifp hgi xem xet rdng phuc lgi ca nhan va xa hgi la dupe ciing cl bdi cac cpng ddng hoa nhdp xa hdi nhan mgnh cac nguyen tac cdng bang xa hdi, ton ttpng phdm gia ngudi va quyin ngudi Theo do, nhan vien CTXH tri vao ca hai nhifm vy Id ho ttp vd cai thifn phuc lgi cua ngudi Ding tiidi cong tde xa b^i cung gidi quyet cdc van de eo tae anh hudng tieu cue tu su bdt binh dang, bat cdng vd phdn biet doi xu (2) Nhdn vien CTXH benh vien cung cap dich vy tryc tiSp cho bfnh nhdn vd gia dinh (hoge ngudi cham soc hg) nham muc dich giam taieu tde dgng tieu cyc cua benh t^t vd tiong qua trinh dilu tri tai bfnh vien Vai fro ciia nhan vien CTXH bfnh vien la tang cudng boat dgng xa hgi th6ng qua myc ti6u can tiiiep, huy dgng dich vy va ho frp cho bfnh nhan Trong cdc benh vifn tai LJc, nhan vien CTXH can thifp vdo boi ednh cua moi trudng xa hgi va cdc mli quan hf cua bfnh nhan Doi vdi bfnh nhan, eae van de nhu tam ly, gia dinh, xa hpi, kinh tl vd van hda la cdc yeu to quyet djnh den sue kh6e vd phdc Ipi ciia hg Hoat dgng CTXH bfnh vifn cam ket v§ quyen ngudi va cong bang xa hdi Nhan vien CTXH ung hp quyin cua bfnh nhdn va gia dinh (hogc ngudi cham soc cua hp), ching lgi phan biet doi xd vd igm dyng Cong tae xa hgi frong bfnh vien tgi tic vdi phuang cham tgp trung vdo cham sde bfnh nhan, Idy benh nhdn lam trung tdm Chinh vi vgy, nhan vien CTXH tiong hf tiling bfnh vifn cung c ^ djch vu da chieu &% dap dng nhu cau ciia bfnh nhdn va gia dinh cua hp (3) PHUONG PHAPTONG QUAN TAI LIEU Chu d l t i n g quan: Tai lieu tong quan bao gom cac cdng trinh nghien euu va dupc trich ddn tu Hiep hpi Cong tac xa hpi Uc (Australian Association of Social WorkersAASW) ve hoat dpng cdng tde xa hgi ehuyen nghifp cua nhan vien CTXH frong benh vifn Vdi s6 Iupng tai lifu Id 28 bai bdo vl chu dk lien quan dupc trich ddn thdng qua nhom cdng cy tim kilm tdi lifu 13 tai lifu dugc tae gid lya chgn de dua vao ting quan Cac tu khoa tun kilm gom: Social work, health care services Social work in hospital in Australia Muc tiiu tong quan: Ngi dung tdi lifu dupc lua chgn c6 lien quan tryc tiep ve cdc hogt d6ng chli yeu eua cong tac xa hgi tiong benh vifn tgi Uc Tieu chudn lua chgn tdi liiu: Nguon tai lifu ddm bdo tinh ehdt cgp nhgt, cdc s l lifu dupc trich nguon khong qua nam tgi thdi diem trich dan Nguon thu thgp tdi lieu: tai lifu dugc tong hpp tu tap chi chuygn nganh, eac bao eao nghien cdu ve hogt dpng eua cong tde xa hpi tiong benh vien thong qua eong ey tim kilm tien website: sciencedirect, researchgate and google scholar KET QUA TONG QUAN TAI LIEU Vi tri vifc Idm cua nhan vien cdng tac xa hgi benh vien (2, 4, 5) Tgi Oc, nhdn vien CTXH chuygn nghiep sau dupc tayIn dung frong hf taong bfnh vien, hg co thi ldm vifc vdi eac khoa dieu tii bfnh nhan nhu: Khoa edp edu; Cham soc dac biet, bao gom cd sa sinh; Nhi khoa; Sdn khoa; Ung tiiu; Than; Thdn kinh; Chdn thuang; Tinh trang sue khoe man tinh; Tim; Bong; Djch vy lao khoa; Sue khoe tam tiidn vd tdm thdn; Tdn cong tinh dye vd lam dyng tie em; Journal ofHealth and Developm BAI BAO TONG QUAN Vai tro c6ng tac xa hoi bfnh vien tai Uc Nguyen Due Hiiu'' T M TAT Myc ti6u: Mfl ta tdm quan trpng cua cong tac xa h^i bfnh vifn, hoat dpng thyc hanh cua nhan vien cong tac xa hpi vifc hfi trp cho he thong bfnh vifn tai Oc Phnvng phap nghien cihi: Tflng quan tdi lieu tii cac nghien ciiu ciia Hifp hfi cong tac xa bpi Uc ve hogt dpng cong tac xa hpi bfnh vien (AASW) voi 13 tai lifu dupc tac gia trich din Kit qu& nghiSn cuu: Tgi Uc, cfing tac xa hpi bfnh vien c6 vai trfl bao ve quyin dupc cham soc siic khoe cua ngucri benh thong qua viec tu van cac van de xa hpi co liSn quan cho nguoi bfnh va gia dinh cua hp qua trinh dieu tri; tim kiem cac dich vy hi trp trSn ca sa tim hilu vd phdn tich cdc ylu tfl x3 hpi CO dnh hudng din siic khfle cua nguoi bfnh; ket noi cac dich vy ho trp cho tiing ngucri bfnh; nghien ciiu cung cdp bSng chiing tfr thyc tl hoat dfng dl dl xudt chuih sach; hi trp giai toa tdm ly cho nguW bfnh, ngufiri nha va nhan vien y te Kit lu|n: Tgi Oc, vien CTXH benh vien cung cdp dich vu tryc tilp nham giam thilu tac dpng cua bfnh t^t qud trinh nhgp vifn Theo do, ngbl cong tde xa hpi dupc coi nhu mpt dich vy thilt ylu vd lien tyc ehuoi dich vy ma hf thong bfnh vien cung cSp Tie khda: Cong idc xa hgi, dfch vy chdm soc yte, b^nh vien, Uc DAT V A N E vign CTXH tiong bfnh vien la edu nii dl gidi quyet ede mdu tauan giua benh nhan va nhan Cong tac xa hpi (CTXH) ttong berta vifn CO vai ttd dae bift quan ttpng ttong viec tgo dung moi quan he hai hoa giua tinh taan va thi chat ciia ngudi bfnh, giua ngudi benh vdi ngudi than, giua ngudi bfnh vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh va vdi nhan vien y te (1) Cdng tac xa hgi ttong bfnh vifn la cde hogt dpng ho frg ngudi benh, ngudi nhd ngudi berta vd cdc nhan vien y tl frong bfnh vifn nham giai quylt eac vdn de xa hpi va tam Iy lien quan din bfnh tgt vd qud tiinh khdm chua benh Myc dieh Id h i tig cde nhom doi tagng khac phyc nhung kho khan ve xa hgi de dat dugc hifu qud cham soc sue khoe tot nhat Nhan —-^ [ ^iSa^') V ^ *Tdc gid Iiin hf: Nguyen Diic HOu Efioil.- huund@dhcd.edu.vn ' Tivang Bgi hpc Cong doan vien y tl, giira benh nhan vd bfnh nhdn, bfnh nhan vd ngudi nhd benh nhdn Trong qua trinh hgi nhdp vd phat tiiln, viec tilp can mo hinh hogt dgng eong tac xa hgi frong benh vien cua eae quie gia phdt tiiln la kinh nghifm d l Vift Nam ndng eao hifu qua thyc hdnh CTXH tgi benh vifn Hifp hpi edng tac xa hgi Oc (Austialian Association of Social Woric - AASW) cung cdp mgt cdi nhm tdng quan vl vai tto, pham vi va su d6ng gop cua edng tac xa hpi ttong bfnh vifn Theo Hifp hgi nay, ngbl cdng tac xa hgi cam Ngdy nhgn bdi: 30/11/2019 Ngdy phdn bign • 11/02/2020 Ngdy ddng bdi: 240} 2020 hi Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sue khoe vd Phdt trien (Tap 04 So 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol 04, No 01-2020) kit tli da boa phuc lgi eua cd nhan, gia dmh, nhom, cgng ding va xa hgi Hifp hgi xem xet rdng phiic lpi ca nhan va xa hgi la dupc cung c6 bdi cac cpng dong boa nhap xa hgi nhdn manh cae nguyen tde cong bdng xa hgi, ton ttgng phdm gia ngudi va quyen eon ngudi Theo do, nhan vi§n CTXH tri vdo cd hai nhifm vyid h6 ttp vd cdi thifn phuc lgi cua ngudi Dong tiidi cong tac xa hgi cung giai quylt cdc van de eo the anh hudng tieu eye tu sy bdt binh dang, bat edng vd phan bift doi xu (2) Nhdn vien CTXH bfnh vien cung cap dieh vy trye tilp cho bfnh nhan va gia dinh (hogc ngudi cham soc hg) nham myc dich giam thieu tde dgng tieu cyc cua benh tlit vd frong qua binh dieu tri tai bfnh vien Vai frd ciia nhan vien CTXH bf rta vien la tang cudng boat d^ng xa hgi taSng qua myc tieu can thiep, huy dgng djch vy va ho ttg eho bfnh nhan Trong cdc bfnh vien tai Oe, nhan vien CTXH can thifp vao boi eanh cua moi trudng xa hgi va cdc mli quan hf cua bfnh nhan Doi vdi bfnh nhan, cac vdn de nhu tam ly, gia dinh, xa hpi, kmh tl va van boa la cac ylu to quylt djnh den sue khoe va phue lgi ciia hp Hoat dpng CTXH benh vien cam ket ve quyen ngudi vd edng bdng xa hpi Nhan vien CTXH iing hp quyin cua bfnh nhdn va gia dinh (hoac ngudi cham soc cua hg), chong lgi phdn biet doi xu vd Igm dyng Cong tae xa hpi frong benh vifn tgi Oc vdi phuong cham tap ti^mg vdo cham soc bfnh nhan, idy benh nhan Iam trung tam Chmh vi vdy, nhan vien CTXH tiong hf taong benh vifn eung cap djch vu da chiSu de dap dng nhu cau ciia bfnh nhan va gia dinh ciia hg (3) PHUONG P H A P T N G QUAN TAI LIEU Chu de tSng quan: Tai lieu tong quan bao gim cdc cong trinh nghien cuu va dugc trich din tii Hiep hgi Cong tac xa hgi Oc (Austialian Association of Social WorkersAASW) ve boat dgng cdng tac xa hgi chuyen nghiep cua nhan vien CTXH frong benh vifn Vdi so Iupng tai lieu Id 28 bai bdo vl chu dk lien quan duge trich ddn tadng qua nhom cong cu tim kiem tai lifu 13 tai lifu duge tde gia lya chgn de dua vdo tong quan Cac tu khoa tim kiem gom: Social work, health care services Social work in hospital in Australia Mgc tieu tong quan: Ngi dung tdi lieu dupc lya ehgn c6 lien quan tryc tiep ve cdc boat dOng chu yeu cua cong tac xa hpi benh vien tai Oc Tiiu chudn lua chgn tdi liiu: Nguin tdi lifu ddm bao tinh chat cap itaat, eac so lifu dugc trich nguin khong qud nam tai thdi diem trich dan Nguon thu thdp tdi lieu: tai Hfu dupe tong hpp tii tap chi chuyen nganh, ede bdo cdo nghien cdu ve boat d6ng cua cong tac xa hpi ttong bfnh vien thong qua eong cy tim kiem frgn website: seieneeduect, researchgate and google scholar KET QUA TONG QUAN TAI LIEU Vi tri vifc lam cua nhdn vien cong tac xa hoi bfnh vien (2, 4, 5) Tgi Oc, nhan vien CTXH chuyen nghiep sau dugc tayln dyng tiong hf taong bfnh vien, hp cd tae Idm viee vdi cac khoa di£u tii benh nhan nhu: Khoa cdp cuu; Cham soc dac biet, bao gom cd so sinh; Nhi khoa; Sdn khoa; Ung thu; Than; Than kinh; Chdn thuang; Tinh ttang sue khde man tinh; Tim; Bong; Djch vu lao khoa; Sue khoe tam tiidn vd tdm thdn; Tan cong tinh dye va lam dyng tie em; Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04 No ot -*"- - Phyc hdi chuc nang; Cay ghep; Dich vu vl matiiyva ruou; Cham soc giam nh?, Nhu vdy, tdm bao quat cua nhan vien CTXH tai Oc la khd toan difn Day la can eu phap ly quan ttgng dl nhan vien CTXH ed thi cung cdp cdc djch vu can taiet cho ngudi bfnh (5) Hoat d$ng cong tac xa hoi bfnh vifn t^iUc • Ddnh gid todn difn vd boat dpng can thifp ttong cdc linh vye: Igm dyng vd xao nhang tie em; bao luc gia dinh; Igm dung ngudi cao mdi va lam dung tinh due • Ddnh gid nang lye, ehdc nang vd sy phat triln eiia bfnh nhan bao gom ho trg cd ve nha d vd cho d • Ddnh gid dya tren bang ehdng vl eac vdn de tam ly - xa hgi cua bfnh nhdntirongvifc Nhan vien CTXH dua fren mgt loat cdc ky can thifp dilu tri tai bfnh vifn nang, kien thde de nghiSn cuu dam bdo ddrta gid todn difn ve tinh hinh cua benh nhan Tw van, hoa gidi vd diiu tri can thi$p (2, 5, (6) Vifc ddnh gid cong tde xa hpi Id boat 10) dgng bat bupc tiep nhan bfnh nhan dieu frj ttong hf tadng beita vien tai Oe Nhiing • Tu vdn, tri lifu vd can thiep nham giiip dd ddnh gia lam ea sd va bang chimg ttong bfnh nhdn/ngudi cham soc dieu chiita thdi dg hoat dpng ean thifp dieu tij Thong tin ma va hanh vittongbfnh vifn rtadn vien CTXH cung cap se gidi quyet cdc • Tu van, tri lifu va ean thifp de dieu chinh van dl xa hgi va tinh cam tae dpng den bfita phan ung cdm xiic eiia bfnh nhan phdi dii nhdn, gia dinh ngudi benh (hoac ngudi cham matttongchan dodn bfnh Tu c6 tai thay soc hg) qua trinh phyc hoi tam ly vd doi vai tto xa hgifrongdieu tii bfita sue khde (7) • Tu van, trj lifu vd ean taifp Idm giam dau Tgi Oc, nhan vien CTXH Idtadnhvien tailt buon va mat mdt cho bfnh nhdn va ngudi nhd yeu cua benh vifn da ngdnh Hg Iam vifc vdi bfnh rtadn bde Sl, y ta va cac chuyen gia sue khoe Nhdn vien CTXH cd thi tap hudn cho dpi ngu cham • Can thifp todn difn lien quan din tinh soc sue khoe ve tac dpng cda tdm Iy, tinh trang sdc khoe man tinh (dgc bift tap trung cam ciing nhu cdc khia cgnh xa hpi den tinh vao dien biln tam ly tac dpng din kit qud trgng cua benh itaan Thong tin cd the dnh sdc khoe) hudng ddng ke den ke hoach cham sdc benh nhan, dnh hudng din nhu cdu dieu tri va phuc hoi ciia chirta hg (8) Phgm vi harta nghi cong tac xa hpi tiong he tadng bfnh vien tai Oc bao gom: Thdm dinh vd ddnh gia (9) • Ddnh gid tam ly xa hOi todn dien cua benh nhan, bao gim cd gia dinh, ngudi cham sdc va nhiing ngudi quantigngkhde • Hoa gidi vd gidi quylt xung dpt • H6 tig ngudi cham s6e liSn quan din sue khoe va phuc lgi • Ldm vifc nhom voi eac chuang trinh gido dye tam ly • Phat friln phu hpp vdi vdn hoa da dgng frong can taifp trj lifu Can thiip khung hoang (1,3) Hi Khoa hpc Nghien ciu Sue khoe vd Phdt trien (Tgp 04, So 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04 No.01-2020) ' Ho frg nhiing ngudi dl bi ton thuang, nhirng ngudi gap khung hoang frong qua ttbh dilu tri vd mong muln duge thy hudng cdc nhu cau bfnh vien • Dich vy dac bift dugc eung cap cho itaan vien CTXH de ho ttg khan cdp tiong cac trudng hpp ddn din chdn thuang bdt ngd, td vong hoge cdc khiing hodng Idn (bao gim cd thien tai) Vgn dpng chinh sdch (11) • Thyc hifn mpt logt cac chuc nang theo lugt diita lien quan den cac yeu cau frong cung cap djch vy Dieu bao gim; bdo vf fre em; cde djch vy sue khoe tdm than; ngudi de bi tin tauang; vai tio ciia luat su hoac ngudi gidm hp Gido due, cung cdp ngudn luc ho tr^r thfte • Cung cap ngudn, tray cap thong tin vd hi trp tdi chinh phu hpp • H6frgcd nhan, gia duta vd ngudi cham soc • Cung cdp tadng tin gido dye cho bfnh dl ty bifn hO, hogc giup hg tiep can vdi cde nhan/gia dinh/ngudi cham s6c ve mue dp nguon lue td ehinh sdch cham soc sue khoe cham soc sue khoe, vai fro cua vien • Van dOng thay doi he thong td chde nhdm ttadm cham sdc sue khoe hudng tdi dap dng nhu cdu cua ngudi bfnh • H6 tip benh nhan va gia dinh/ngudi cham dupe tot ban sdc giao tiep vdi cac vien cua dOi cham Qudn ly trw&ng hpp, diiu phoi dich v^ vd soc sue khoe, hieu thong tin vd ke hoaeh cham soc y te cdng viic da ngdnh (9) • Nhan viSn CTXH quan ly trudng hpp va dilu phii dich vy cham soc sdc khde, cung cdp cho ca ben tiong va ben ngodi bfnh vifn • Gidi thifu ngudi bfnh hoac ngudi nha bfnh nhdn din cdc dich vu cham soc khde phu hop hon ed vl chi phi va chmh sdchtayhudng • Dam bdo lien lac thdng suot vd kit noi giua bfnh nhan, gia dinh, ngudi cham soc vdi thdnh vien nhdm cham soc sue khoe sau vifn • H6 tig nhan vien bfnh vien thong qua cac khoa dao tgo vl bii cdnh va nhu cdu tam ly xa hpi ciia bfnh nhdn • Thuc ddy tiuyln thdng vd hpp tde giua vien cac nhdm cham soc sue khoe Thiet ke chwang trinh vd nghien cuu chinh sacA (2-13) (1-3, 5-13) • Hudng din vd hi frg tauc hien mo hinh cham soc *'ldy bfnh nhan ldm trung tam" tai mgt to chuc tai diem • Xdy dyng ehinh sach, thiet ke va ddnh gid chuangtiinhcham sdc sue khoe • Tham gia vdo nghien euu va xuat bdn tgp chi chuy6n nganh Cung cdp chuyin mon lam sdng (13) Nhan vien CTXH cung cdp chuyen mon Iam sangfrongvifc giai quyet cac van de tdm ly xa hpi cua bf tta nhdn bao gom: • Lam dyng vd xao nhang fre em, bao lue • Phli hpp va ldp kl hogch cham soc lien tiac gia dmh, bao lye bgn tmh, lam dyng tinh dye, lam dung va khai thac ngudi cao taoi sau benh nhan xudt vifn mil) Joumal ofHealth and Development Stupes (M 04 No j'^^i) Phuc hoi chuc nang; Cdy ghep; Dich vy ve matiiyvd ruou; Cham sdc gidm nhe Nhu vay, tdm bao quat ciia rtadn vien CTXH tgi Oc la kha toan difn Day la can cu phap ly quan tipng dl nhdn vien CTXH c6 the eung cdp cac dich vy ean thiet cho ngudi bfnh (5) Hoat dpng cong tac xa h$i bfnh vifn tai tie • Ddnh gid todn difn vd boat dgng can thifp tiong cde ITnh vye: Igm dung va xao nhang tte em; bgo lue gia dmh; Igm dung ngudi cao tadi vd Igm dung tinh dye • Danh gid nang Iyc, chuc nang va sy phdt trien cua bfnh nhan bao gim ho ttg cd ve nha d vd chl d • Danh gia dua trgn bdng ehdng ve cae van dl tam \