Nghien culi hanh vi tieu dung dien cua ho gia dinh: TrUofng hgrp tai huyen Yen The, tinh Bac Giang TO THE NGUYENN G O Y I N A N H TCIAN" Torn tat , Nghien cdu chi sukhdc biit viec tiiu dung diin cua cdc hg gia dinh d huyen Yen The, linh Bdc Giang Ki't qud cho thdy, ddi vdi nhom ho thudn nong hg chu yi'u dung dien cho viic thdp sdng vd cdc thiet bi sinh hogt khdc Chi phi tieu thu di^n binh qudn moi thdng cua nhom ho ndy Id khodng 250 nghin dong/thdng Ddi vdi nhom hg phi nong nghiip co tren 70% so hg sd dung diin de dun ndu vd sinh hogt Chi phi tieu thu dien binh qudn moi thdng cua nhdm hg ndy la khodng 450 nghin dong/thdng Mat khdc nhffng hg cd so'nhdn khdu cita ho ldn han lua chgn hinh thdc sddung gas vd si/dung ndng luang khdc (cui, than ) dun ndu Bin cgnh nhdng hg co dieu kiin kinh tekhd ban sd dung diin dun ndu nhieu hem Ngodi nhffng ho phi nong nghiip co xu hudng gidm sddving gas vd cdc ndng lUang khdc (cut, than ) gia ldng sH dung diin dun ndu Tuf khoa: tieu diing ndng lugng hg gia dinh hdm multinomial logit Summary This study clarifies the difference in power consumption of households in Yen The district Bac Giang province The outcomes indicate that agricultural farming households mainly use electricity for lighting and other living activities Their average cost of power consumption registers about 250.000 VND per month Regarding non-agricultural households, more than 20 percent of electricity usage is spent on cooking and other living activities Their electricity bills are roughly 450.000 VND per month Besides, the households with larger members tend to use more gas and non-recycled resources such as coals or woods for cooking Additionally, the higher income households use more electricity for cooking Lastly, non-agricultural households are less likely to employ gas and other powersources (coals, woods) but consume more electricity for cooking K.eyv/ords power consumption, households, multinomial logit G l d i THIEU Nhu cau sff dung, deu dung dien cd xu hffdng lang manh bdi dieu kien kinh te' ciia khu vffc ndng thdn dffdc cai thien Hdn nffa, dffdi td'c dp cua hien dai hoa, nhieu Ihid't bi sff dung dien ngdy cdng lang d khu vffc ndng thdn De Ihuc dd'y bao ton ndng Iffdng cho sff phdi triln ben vffng cua mdt qud'c gia vide khuyd'n khich ngffdi lieu dung su* dung tie't kiem didn hdn, thdng qua cdng nghd thdng tin, la dieu can thid't de sff dung nang Iffdng ben vffng va ddp ffng nhu cau thffc sff tffdng lai Vi vay, vide danh gia thffc trang sff dung, lieu thu ndng Itfdng dien cua cdc hd gia dinh thdi gian vffa qua, phan tich cdc hanh vi, utig xu'cua hp vdi viec tieu diu dien va cdc nguon ndng Iffdng khac cua cac hp gia dinh cu die Irdn dia ban huydn Yen The', tinh Bac Giang, lard'tcandiie'l c a s d LY T H U Y E T VA P H l / a N G PHAP N G H I E N c u l l Cd sd Iy thuye't Cho dd'n da cd mdt so nghien ciJu dl cdp de'n hanh vi tieu dung nang Iffdng Nghien cu\i ciia Seligman vd cdng sff (1978) chi rang, mffc tidu thu didn mua he cua hd gia dinh cd dnh hffdng bdi thdi dp sff dung nang Iffpng cua hp Sff phan hoi cua cd quan cung ffng didn ve mffc tidu thu hang ngdy ciia hp gia dinh cd the' ldm giam mffc sff dung didn cua hd la 10.5% Hdn nffa cdc hd gia dinh diidc thff nghiem dp dung tie't kidm da c6 the giam mffc lieu thu dien ciia hp d mffc 13,0% Mat khac sff dung mdt thid't 'TS Hpc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam " T h S , Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh te, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi Ngdy nhdn hdi: 22/6/2020; Ngdy phdn bien 20/7/2020- Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/7/2020 92 bi bdo hieu cho hd gia dinh thdi die'm ed ihd' lam mat nhd, ma khdng can sOf dung dieu hda bang edch md eu'a sd dan de'n giam 15,7% mffc tidu thu didn cua ho Dianshu vd edng sff (2010) dd ddnh gia mffc dp, md ngffdi suf dung didn da nhan thffc rd hdn ve gid didn vd mffc tidu thu cua ho vd chi md'i lidn he giffa mffc tang thu nhdp va su" dung dien Abreu va cdng stf {2012} nghidn cffU hdnh vi thdi quen ca nhan ve mffc tieu thu dien ddn dung Nghien cffu phat hjen rang, thoi quen hang keo dai va mffc dp thay doi eua cu thl cua thdi tie't, eung nhff dilu kien sinh hoat hang anh hffdng tdi mffc tidu thu dien dan dung cua hp Thdm vao do, Vassileva vd cdng sff (2012) phan lich hanh vi tidu dung didn cua nhutig hp thud nha d Thuy Dien, Kd't qua nghien cffu eho tha'y, Ihu nhap ciia hd gia dinh Id mdt nhffng yd'u lo' quan trpng quye't dinh hanh vi cua ngffdi lidu d&ng va CO lien quan de'n mffc tieu thu didn Ke'l qua nghien cffu cung cho bie'l, cd sif khac biel rd ret vl ty Id phan h6i tff cdc loai hd gia dinh khdc nhau, cdc khu vffc cd mffc thu nhdp khac va theo cdc cdch nhdn thdng tin phdn hoi dffdc ffa thich nha't Phffdng phap nghidn cu'u Huyen Yen Thd' cd 19 ddn vi hanh chinh, do, nhdm nghien cffff khao sat ddn vi la xa Ddng Sdn, Ding Vtfdng va Hong Ky, bdi day la xa cd mat dp dan ctf kha ldn, moi xa khao sat thon vdi cac lieu chi Id da dang cdc hoai ddng san xud'l vd kinh doanh Nhdm nghien cffu khao sdl ngau nhien 96 hd gia dinh cuoi ndm 2019 Trong do, hd cd so' khau ldn nha't la ngtfdi, hd cd so' nhdn khau nho nha't la ngffdi Ben canh dd, thu nhap trung binh cua mdi ho la 191,7 tridu dong/nam KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU Thffc trang svt dung di^n cua HQ gia dinh Theo thd'ng ke cua cdc xd nghien cffU, hien so' Iffdng dien chu yd'u phuc vu cho cac hoat ddng sinh hoat thffdng va sdn xud't kinh doanh phi ndng nghiep, nhff: sufa chffa d id, xe mdy, xffdng che' bie'n g6 Sdhd su'dung didn dat 100% va tdng theo cdc ndm (Bang 1) Cac hinh thvtc su" di^ng/tieu thu nSng Itiffng di$n cua cac nhdm hp Vide tim hid'u muc dich sff dung didn cda hd vd cdc ngu6n didn nang hd su" BAPiG 1: THCtC TRAMG Sflt DGMG DIEN CQA XA DONG SdN DONG Vd0MG VA HONG KY GIAi DOAN 2016-2018 Diln giai So ho sii dung dien (ho) So'ho su'dung dien cho kinh doanh (ho) San lutJng dien lieu thu Itneu kw/thang) San lifdnp dien cho kinh doanh (trieu kw/thang) San liTdnp dien iieu thu binh quan iTcw/thano/ho} San Itfdnp dien kinh doanh binh quan (k\\/lhans^6) Nam 2016 495 4,563 1,253 1.023 167.8 224,2 Nam 2017 904 065 1,582 1.261 200.9 250.1 Nam TBQ 2018 S ()}2 103.5 1)0 105,8 1,635 113,8 1,296 112.5 203.2 110.2 253.4 106.3 (%) BANG 2: CAC HINH THffC SCf DGNG/TIEa THU DIEN CUA CAC NHOM HQ (N-96) Di£n giai Ttmin ndng Phi ndng nghifp Ki^m dinh Sd'y Tyl§ sa'y Tyl$ thtfng kd kid'n kie'n 51,04 48,96 47 0.028^ 49 (22,931) (23,452) (%) (%) ! So ho su" dung di6n lu'di CSc hinh thu'c su^ dung dien - Dun na'u, thap s^ng vS c^c thiet bi khac - Chi diing thap sSng va cac thiet bi khac - Cac hoat d5ng khac (nisi xe, may xay ual ) Ghi chii: kiem dinh x^ 14,29 (12,024) 73,47 (18.003) 12,24 (28,116) 70,21 (12,203) 12,77 (19.468) 17,02 (31.359) 33 36 1.132"' 3,105' 1.052*' ; y nghia ihong ke d 10% vd 5% dq lech chuan ngogc dOn; ' Nguon So lieu dicu l u (2019) dung se giup bie't rd hidn trang sff dung, vdy nen nhom tdc gia da tid'n hanh nghidn cffu va cho kd'l qua d Bang Tren cd sd do, cd hifdng lie't kiem va suf dung dien mdl cdch hdp ly Bang cho tha'y, co mffc dp sff dung dien khdc d nhdm hp: - Do'i vdi nhom hp thuan ndng: cd hp co mffc chi phi dffdi 200 nghin dong/thdng; so' hp co chi phi tieu thu didn tff 200-500 nghin dong/thdng cd 35 hd; cd hp vdi chi phi dien binh quan thdng tren 500 nghin dong/ thdng Chi phi lieu thu dien binh quan mdi thang cua nhdm hd la khoang 250 nghin dong/thang, chie'm trdn 70% tong chi phi lieu thu ndng Iffdng mdi thdng - Dd'i vdi nhdm hd phi ndng nghiep: cd hp vdi chi phi dffdi 200 nghin dong/thdng cd 25 hd vdi chi phi lieu thu didn tff 200-500 nghin dong/thdng va cd 21 hd tra chi phi dien binh quan ihdng tren 500 nghin dong/ ihdng Chi phi lieu thu didn binh quan mdi thang cua nhom hp la khoang 450 nghin dong/thdng chie'm gan 80% long chi phi tieu thu nang Iffdng mdi thdng Qua dd, cd the thd'y, cd sff khdc biet ve lieu thu ndng Iffdng va dien giffa nhdm hd nhdm hd phi ndng nghiep cd xu hffdng lieu dung dien cao hdn nhdm hd thuan ndng Danh gia cua cac hd ve chS't Iffdng va cd cS'u gia di?n Bang cho bie't, co mffc ddnh gia ciia hp ve cha'l Iffdng didn Cu the, dd'i v di nhdm ho thuan ndng: 6,12% so' ho cho rang cha't Iffdng nguon dien cd anh hffdng 93 BANG 3; KHOI LCTCiNO VA CHI PHi SCT DCING DIEN CCJA Hp GIA DINH Thuin ndng Phi ndng nghidp Didn giai Stfy Tyl? Stfy ki^D ki^n DVT 1, So ho su" dune dien lu'di Milt tieu thu dien nana binh quan/thane a.Miia dong b Miia he c Miia xu§n, thu Chi phi difen binh quSn/thang a Difdi 200 nghin done b Tiir 200 den 500 nehin donf c Tren 500 nghin dong Chi phi dien binh quan/thang Nguon nans lu'dng khac bmh quan/thdng Tyld (%) 47 ho kWh/ho kWh/ho kWh/ho kWh/ho ho ho ho ho 1000 d lOOOd 195-7 27,77 313,4 44,48 195,5 27,7.^ ''70.6 610.9 ^05.3 22.80 51,47 25.72 35 250.8 125,5 25 21 457.6 118.2 2.13 53,19 44,68 79.47 20,53 10,22 71,42 18,36 70.56 29,44 BANG 4: DANH GLA CUA CAC NHOM HO V6 CHAT HT^NG DIEN T b o i a Ddng Diln giai Tjl# Id^n Anh htfdng dien dd'n sinh hoat va san xuat a Anh hu'dng nhieu c Anh hu'dng phan d Khong anh hu'dng Mffc dd htfp iy v4 cd cS'u gia didn a Rat hdp ly too 47 100 6,12 (6,809) 28,57 (11.012) 42,86 (21.023) 22,45 (5.687) 100 12,25 (9,321) 51,02 (3!,009) 36,73 (22,034) 10,64 (9,302) 34.04 (10.305) 31.91 (20,223) 23,40 (4,398) 100 6,38 (6,433) 48,94 (33,031) 44,68 (23,091) 21 11 49 25 b Hcfp !y 18 c Chu'a hdp ly Ghi chti; kiem dinhx' 49 14 b Anh hu'dng vtfa PliindneiS^p II K 16 15 11 47 23 21 Ki^mdinh thd'ng kg 0,182' 1,029'' 2,002"^ 0,012'' 1,003'2,392"' 1,902-' nghia ihong ke d 10% vd 5%, lech chudn Irong ngodc de/n; ' BANG 5: NHAN THCTC CUA CAC HO GIA DINH VE SCf DgNG TIET KIEM DigN FiANG ThuSn ndng Pbi Qflng nghiap SffJ klCn It Hi^u bife't v^ cac thiet bi ti6'f ki^m diSn 4< SJfJ 100 17.4 (9,053) 27 58.7 (31.203) 11 23.9 116.323) 46 13 46 46 S a Rat lueu b Hieu mot chiit c Khong hieu Kie'n thifc vl cflng suSt tieu thii cac thife't bi dien 100 6.5 (4.353) 47.8 (23.459) 21 45.7 (32.098) a Rat hiC-u b Hieu mot chut c Khong hieu 100 28,4 (8.322) 25 54.3 (30,309) 17,3 (22,356) 11 22 23 Kie'm thfTiig ke 0,303' 2,091"' 1,902'' 100 23,9 (5,322) 50,0 (25.982) 26.1 12 (28.232) 0,002' 1,032"' 0,302' Ghi chu: ' ": v nghTa ihdng ke d 10^ \d 51e dp lech chudn ngodc dOn;' kiem dtnh r hqiicn Sc ,- J^utra (20!9i 94 nhieu den sinh boat va sau \ua't cd 28,57% ddnh gia \l anh hffdng vffa, cd 42,86% danh gia la anh hffong I phan v& CO 22.45% so ho ddnh gia la chat lffdng cua nguon dien khong anh hffdng den hoat d6ng san xuat va sinh hoat Trong d