KINH TE VIEC LAM CUA LAO DONG NGHEO DONG BANG SONG ClfU LONG 'LETHIKIMCHI TOM TAT: Bdi vid't nghien ci?u vd van de viec lam cho lao ddng ngheo tai ddng bang sdng Cu:u Long (DBSCL) trUdc tinh trang san lu'dng ndng nghiep (NN) va xud't khau vung tang nhanh nhung tbu nhdp bd ndng ddn khdng tang tUdng xdng, thdm ebi Eai mdt sd' vung san xua't khd khan, thu nhdp cua ngUdi dan cdn giam xud'ng Khoang each giau - ngheo giffa thi va ndng thdn, ke ea khu vUe ndng thdn vung ngdy cang gia tang, du day la vung trpng diem san xua't lua, gao ThUc trang da phan nao lam gidm ddng iuc phdt trien NN, ndng thdn, dan de'n nhieu loai ndng sdn cd siJc canh tranh tha'p, anh hUdng de'n tbu nhdp va ddi sd'ng cua nhieu ndnghd Tii khoa: Ddng bang sdng Cfiu Long, san xud't ndng ngbidp, an ninb lUdng thUc qud'c gia, viec lam, lao ddng ngheo I Dac dii'm ve lao dong ngheo vung DBSCL Ty le lao dgng ngheo vung DBSCL Mac du, viing DBSCL cd nhdng budc phat tridn vUdt bdc ve kinh te' - xa hpi nbUng theo sd' lieu cua Td'ng cue Thd'ng ke (2016) thi ty le bd ngheo d DBSCL la 7,9% gan bang ty ngheo chung ed nude 8,4% vdo ndm 2014 Dong thdi, ty le bp ngheo ed xu bUdng giam tu" nam 1998 de'n nhung lai cd sU phdn hda giiJa thi vd ndng thdn Ndm 2017, ket qua giam ty le bd ngheo eua viing DBSCL !a 6,09% (giam 1,81% so vdi ndm 2016) (Hinh 1) Theo sd' lieu md ta d ITinb 2, ty le ngheo mdt sd' linh thdnh d DBSCL cdn cao, dd diJng dau Id Tra Vinh (10%), Sdc Trdng (8,7%), Hau Giang (7,7%), Bac Lieu (6,9%) ed ty le ngheo tren mu'c ty le ngheo chung cua vung id 14,8% Tuy ty trpng mau khao sat tren ea viing d cae tmh khdng bdng nhUng phdn nao dd phan anh len tinh trang cua DBSCL mdt cdch rd ret Vi vdy, cd the thd'y rang ty le bd ngheo d vung cdn cao va khdng ddng d^u giffa cac tinh viing DBSCL (Hinh 2) Ne'u theo phdn tich thdnh phan cdc ye'u td tae ddng de'n ngheo eiia L905 hd gia dinh d viing DBSCL eho tbd'y ty le ngheo cua cdc thanb phan cd sU chenh lech giffa ndng thdn va thanb tbi vd cd sU khde biet eua tii'ng yeu td tae ddng Sd' lieu tvf Tdng cue Thdng kS nam 2016 cung cho thd'y, ty le ngheo chenh lech giffa ede phan, tinh trang ngheo xay cao nha't lap trung vdo bd cd chu bd la ddn tdc thieu sd', ke dd Id bd ed ty le phu thudc cao (tiJ 0,25 trd Idn) vd chu bd trinh dp hpc vd'n tha'p (dUdi ca'p tieu hpc), vi ddy la nhu'ng ye'u td tdc ddng nhieu de'n kba nang rdi vdo ngheo hay xdc sua't ngheo cua hd d DBSCL vdi ty le ngheo tren tren 20% Hdn nffa, mdt sd'ye'u td'cdn lai cung tdc ddng nhieu de'n tinb trang ngheo nhuhd sd hffu dien tich da't san xud't thap dudi 4.000 m-, hd vay vd'n So - T h d n g 3/2019 63 TAP CHi CONG THlftfNG Hint! 1: Ty le hp ngheo plian chia theo vung 1998 - 2016 ^ ll • 11 -• U b J_J u A^Ju_M • b ~|| 2016 ^ B Cong bang s6 ^ j „,„™ ^ Bic rrting B6 a Duyen tiai ^ Tav Nguyen ^M Dong Nam B I H D5ng Nam bang song CLTL LO ng Trung du «a n len nut phia Nguon: Tong cue Thdng ke Hinh 2: Ty le ho ngheo phan theo dja phUdng ndm 2016 Nguon: Tong cue Thdng ke it (dudi 50 tri^u ddng), hd cd chu hp khdng lam viec ede Iinh lUc phi NN, kem theo bd cd quy md ngUdi bp cao (Iff ngUdi trd len), bd cd chu hd khdng tham gia vao cac to chiJc xa bpi vd nhffng bd sd'ng d ndng thdn tbi ty le ngheo 64 So - T h a n g 3/2019 ciing kha cao Tuy nhien, kha nang rpi vao ngheo rd't thd'p tap trung d nhffng bp ed dien tich da't san xud't tren 8.000 m-, chu hd ed trinh dd hoc vd'n iH THCS trd I^n va bd ed vay vd'n tff 50 trieu ddng trd len KINH IE Chi tieu cua lao dong ngheo vung DBSCL Cbi tieu cua ngUdi ngheo viing DBSCL cdn tha'p So vdi hp khdng ngheo thi mffc chi tieu cua ngiidi ngheo hien ra't thd'p Sd' lieu tff Tong cue Thd'ng ke nam 2016 cho thd'y, cbi tieu binh quan ddu ngtfdi radt thdng d nhdm cd thu nhdp tha'p nha't tai DBSCL Id 1.016 nghin ddng/ngUdi/thang tUdng dUdng vdi 12.192 ngin ddng/ngu'di/nam, chi ti6u binb qudn ddu ngUdi mdt thdng d nhdm tbu nhdp cao nba't la 2.760 nghin ddng/ngitdi/tbang tUOng dddng vdi 33,120 ngbin dong/ngUdi/nam, khoang each la 2,7 idn, khoang each tbd'p nhd't cdc vung kinh te Dilu cung phan anh khdng ehi mffc sd'ng cua ngUdi ngbdo tha'p ma mffc sd'ng chung eiia ngffdi dan vung cung cdn nhieu khd khan Trong chi ti6u eua ngffdi ngbeo thi phan ehi eho lUdng tbue tbifc pham (LTTP) chiem ty le khd cao vdi mffc cbi cho LTTP cua hp ngheo Id 7.829 nghin ddng (58% tdng ehi), pbi LTTP la 3.467 ngbin ddng/ngUdi/nam (42% tong chi tieu) Mffc chi cho LTTP cua ngffdi ngheo viing DBSCL cao nhd't eac vung Nhd d vd cdc dieu kien di kem cua ngddi ngheo DBSCL Them vao dd, ngffdi ngbeo d DBSCL thid'u nhffng dieu kien sd'ng can ban Do ddc tbii cua vung vdi miia nUde ndi keo dai va hien tffpng ngap lu nSn nha d cua eac bd vung DBSCL vdn cdn rd't nbieu nba tam Nha kien cd chi chie'm 11% tdng sd hd, nha bdn kiSn ed" chie'm 5\,A%, nha thieu kien cd 20,8%, nba tam ebidm 16,8%.Ddy cung Id vdng ed ty le nha kien cd tha'p nha't ca nUdc va ty le nha tam cao nhd't ca nffde Qua nhffng phdn tieh tr8n, ebung ta cd the tha'y, ngffdi dan viing DBSCL thie'u nhffng dieu kien sd'ng can ban va cdn lac hdu so vdi nhilu dia pbffcJng cd nffdc Khdng nhffng vdy, dien ticb nba d binb quan eua hd ngbeo cua viing nam 2016 chi dat 21,25 mVngUdi thd'p bdn mffc binh quan cua cd nffde dieu tra Ngoai nhffng han che' ve chd d tbi cac dieu kien sd'ng di kem nbU nUdc sach, ve smh eiia ngUdi ngheo khdng dupc dam bao Hien ed den 78% bd ngheo sff dung nhd vd sinh tam bd gan vdi ddc tbii sdng nffdc mien Tdy, 7,5% hd ngheo khdng cd nha ve sinh ty le hd ngbeo ed nha ve sinb tff hoai ebi dat 14,5% Hdng nam Men tffdng xam nhdp man va mua lu keo dai nen nguon nffdc sff dung ciia ngUdi dan DBSCL ndi chung vd ngUdi ngheo ndi rieng cdn gap rd't nhieu khd khan Hinh 3: Dien tfch nha d binh quan ddu ngiidi cua DBSCL ndm 2016 — 0.00 -^ s ( •z S, f f ^ Nguon: Tong cue Thdng ke So 4-Thang 3/2019 65 TAP CHi CONG THU0NG Do vay, ngudn nUde su" dung chu yd'u ciia ngUdi ngbeo la nude gieng kboan, nude sdng chie'm ty Id khd cao Cd the ndi, vdng Ian quan tbu nhap tha'p ebi li6u tha'p nen ty le hd ngheo sd hffu cac diing lau ben ciia viing DBSCL ndi rieng vd ngUdi ngheo ea nude ndi chung cdn d mffc kiem td'n So' lieu tff Tong cue Thd'ng kg cung cho biet, cbi cd 47,2% ty le hd ngheo cua vdng cd xe may, thd'p bdn mffc binh qudn cua bd ngbeo ca nffdc Bfin canh dd, viec sd hffu cdc diing bien dai dd'i vdi eac hd ngheo nhff may tinh, tii lanh, di$n thoai ban rd't thd'p, cho tbd'y cha't Irfdng cudc sd'ng eiia ngffdi ngheo mot "the' gidi pbang" nhU hien khd cd kha nang de hda nhip cudc sdng, n ThuTc trang viec lam cua lao ddng ngheo DBSCL Cdcdu vifc Idm cua lao dQng ngheo DBSCL Trong tai heu Hpi nghi trUe tuydn toan qud'c tdng ket cac chUdng trinb muc tieu qud'c gia nam 2017, td chffe thang 2/2018 tai TP Ho Cbi Minh vffa qua cho thd'y, sinh kd' ciia phdn tdn lao dong vung DBSCL hi$n vdn dUa vao san xua't NN, mac dil ed stf chuyen djch ve ed ed'u nganh nghe qua cae nam nbUng NN vdn cdn chie'm gan 50% viec lam cua lao ddng tff 15 tudi trd len viing, cdc boat ddng cdng nghiep cbe bie'n chi chie'm 11,9%, Iinh vUc dich vu md phan Idn la boat ddng thUdng nghiep chie'm 14,9% viec lam Cdc boat ddng tU tao viec lam chie'm ty trpng chii ye'u ebff khdng pbai la hinh thffc lam cdng an lUdng nhUnhieu vung ddng bang sdng Hong, Ddng Nam bd Cu the, ngUdi ngheo d viing DBSCL lU tao viec lam NNcbie'm 39,4%; tff tao viec lam phi NN chie'm 23,4%; lam thue, lam cdng ITnh vUc pbi NN chi chie'm 27,2% cdn lai la binh thffc lam tbue, lam cdng NN Trong cd ed'u kinh te vung DBSCL, NN ddng gdp khoang 39% nhffng pbai sff dung de'n 50% lUe Iffdng lao ddng eua viing tbi khd cd khd ndng ndng cao nang sua't lao ddng va tbu nhdp Trong nhffng ndm gan day vdi td'e dp dd thi hda gia tang va sff hinh bang loat eac khu cdng nghiep d DBSCL cang lam gia tang tinh Uang md't dd't NN Hien khu vffc DBSCL ed 51 khu cdng nghiep va 200 cum cdng nghiep dupe quy hoach vdi dien tieh bdn 26.500ba nhUng ty le Id'p day kha thd'p da khdng du ha'p Iffc thu hut lao ddng dich chuyen sang ITnb vffc phi NN 66 So 4-Thong 3/2019 Do vdy, can pbai giam bdt so' lao ddng ITnh vffc NN gan vdi qud trinh ddo tao nghe, dich chuyen sang ITnh vffc pbi NN mdi gdp phan giai quye't dupe vd'n de thu nhap va mffc sdng ciia ngffdi dan ndi chung vd ngUdi ngheo ndi rieng, Diiu IciSn lam viec cua lao dQng ngheo DBSCL Ngodi ra, tbdi gian ndng nban cao lam suy giam ndng sua't lao ddng Do tinh cha't cua san xud't NN nen thdi gian ndng nhan khd cao, mac dii hien cac tinh, thanb vung DBSCL va ea nUde da nhdn rdng nhieu md hinh giam ngheo gan vdi da dang hda NN bang nhilu binb thffc ket hdp nhien, so vdi cac vung kinh te khac tbdi gian Idm vide ciia ngffdi lao ddng viing DBSCL hi6n thd'p nha't ca nffdc Cu the, sd lieu thd'ng ke nam 2015 cho bie't, so gid lam viec binh quan ciia lao ddng tff 15 tudi trd len ciia vdng quy I la 41,7 gid/tudn, quy II Id 40,9, quy III va quy IV la 41,4 Trong kbi mffc binh quan ciia ca nffdc lan Iffpt qua eac quy la 44,d 44,5 - 43,9 - 44,3 gid/tuan Tap qudn san xua't NN va van hda cdng ddng vung sdng nffdc miln Tdy anh hudng de'n thdi gian Idm viec eiia lao ddng, he luy td't yd'u nang sua't lao ddng thd'p - tbu nhap tha'p - ddi ngheo kbi sinb ke' eiia ngUdi dan DBSCL ndi chung va ngffdi ngheo ndi rieng cdn phu thudc chu yeu vao san xud't NN Gid tri Idm viec ciia lao d$ng ngheo DBSCL Ben canh do, tai lieu Hdi nghi trffe tuyen toan qud'c tdng ke't cac chUdng trinh muc tieu qud'c gia nam 2017 ciing ebiro, ngUdi ngheo d DBSCL cdn thie'u nhffng dilu kien can ban de tboat ngbeo NgUdi ngheo ndi rieng vd ngffdi dan vung DBSCL ndi chung cdn thie'u nhffng "can cau" can ban nhff giao due, tin dung, thdng dn cho qud trinh chuyen dich cd cd'u kinh te de rut bdt so lao ddng ddi dff, DBSCL vd'n dffpe xem la vQng trung ve gido due vdi chd't lUdng lao ddng cua vung ndi chung va ngffdi ngbeo ndi rieng hien dang bdo ddng Mac du viJng ed Itfc lUdng lao ddng kbd ddi dao vdl lUc Itfdng lao ddng tff 15 tuoi trd len cua viing nam 2017 khoang 10.332 ngbin ngudi, chie'm 59,1% dan sd' va dffng tbtf cd nude ve quy md lao ddng nhUng ty le lao ddng tff 15 tuoi trd len dang lam viec da qua dao tao rd't thd'p ehi dat 10,5%, ca nudc 17,9% vd thd'p nhd't vung kinh te ea nffde Nhffng ban che' iff chd't Iffpng lao KINfl TE ddng da can trd de'n cd hdi viec lam cac nganh nghe phi NN Chinh vi the', vdng DBSCL dang rdi vao "bdy" eiia phat tnen cae ngdnh nghe vdi ldi the' cd sdn, cd gid til gia tdng thd'p ma chu yen Id khai thac ldi the'vl dilu ki$n tff nhi6n, lao ddng gid re di phat Uien NN Hoat ddng che bie'n ndng san cham phdt trien nen thu nhap ciia ngffdi dan khdng cao mac du la vung xua't khau nhieu ndng sdn nhd't nffdc vd he luy la gia tang them tinh trang ngheo ed nhffng eii sd'c bdn ngoai tdc ddng nhff gia ca va tbdi tiet Dong thdi cung vi tay ngbl cdn tha'p nen viec thu hut nha dau tu bo vd'n ve viing DBSCL cdn gap nhilu khd kbdn Cling VI le do, kbi thie'u vang nba dau tU lao ddng ddi dff NN khdng the tim kie'm viec lam budc pbai bdm tru NN vdi ndng sud't vd thu nhdp tha'p UI Nh§n xet thffc trang viec lam cua lao dong ngheo DBSCL Thii nhdt, trinb lao ddng cdn tbd'p Hien nay, DBSCL cd lUe lUdng lao ddng kbd ddi ddo So lieu nam 2016 tff Tong cue Thdng ke cho biet, Iffc lUdng lao ddng tff 15 tudi trd len chie'm khoang 10.519,3 nghin ngffdi, chie'm 59,8% ddn sd'viing; ty ie lao ddng tff 15 tudi trd len dang 1dm viec chie'm 57,9% dan so' Ty le lao ddng tff 15 tudi trd len dang lam viec da qua dao tao rd't tha'p, cbi dat 12,0 %, ca nUdc 20,6% va tha'p nhd't viing kinh te cd nUdc Nguyen nhdn ban cbe vl ngudn nhan lUc cua DBSCL trUdc hdt phai ke tdi ebd't Iffdng giao due, dao tao Sau gdn 30 nam doi mdi, mac dti dUdc Nba nffdc quan tam dau tU, ndng cd'p, md rdng he thd'ng cd sd giao due, dao tao nhffng DBSCL van cdn Id "vung triing" ve phat trien ngudn nhan lUc, chua dap ffng nhu cau phdt trien kinh te' - xa hdi Mang lUdi dao tao nghe cho lao ddng ndng thdn dupe phdt trien rpng khap nhUng ebffa di vao chieu sau, thieu tinh hieu qua So vdi ede vung cd nffdc, so Itfdng doanh nghiep boat ddng ITnb vtfe cdng nghiep, dich vu hoac cd vd'n dau tU nUde ngodi d DBSCL cdn tbd'p; phan Idn doanh nghiep sff dung lao ddng phd thdng, khdng qua dao tao, it ed nhu cau lao ddng ebd't Itfdng cao Ddy cung la mdt nhffng nguyen nhdn kbie'n chd't lUdng nguon nhan lUc cham dtfdc cai thien Thd hai, qua trinh chuyen dich cd ed'u lao ddng dien cham Mac dii ed stf chuyen dich ve ed cd'u nganh nghe qua cdc ndm, nhffng NN bien vdn cdn chiem gan 50% viec lam eua lao ddng ttf 15 tudi trd len vUng, cdc hoat ddng cdng nghiep che bien ebi chiem 11,9%, ITnb vffc dich vu cbii yeu tap trung eac boat ddng tbffdng nghiep, chiem 14,9% viec lam Cd the tha'y, tinh chd't thuan ndng vdn la dac thu ciia viing, le di nhien di kem Id nang sua't lao ddng tha'p, thu nbap thd'p Dong thdi, eon sd' tr6n ciing ddt nhieu da'u ebd'm hdi dd'i vdi viec dich chuyen lao ddng viec lam phi NN dUdi hinh thffc tbue mffdn lao ddng cham phdt trien d khu vffc Khi quy md tich lijy ciia ngffdi dan khdng nhieu thi kba nang tbue mUdn them lao ddng tff hinh thffc tff tao viec lam linh vffc phi NN eda cdc hp la rat thap, do cdng han chd' dd'i vdi viec nang cao thu nhap vd nba't la qua trinh chuyen ddi cd ca'u kinh te dd'i vdi ngUdi ngbeo cdn rd't cham Trong nhffng nam gan day, td'e dp dd thi boa gia tang vd sU hinh thdnh hdng loat cdc khu cdng nghiep d DBSCL cang lam gia tang tinh trang mat dd't NN, Hien nay, DBSCL cd 51 kbu cdng nghiep va 200 cum tieu tbii cdng nghiep dUdc quy hoach vdi dien tich bdn 26.500 nhffng ty le Id'p day khd tbd'p ndn viec tbu hut lao ddng dich chuyen sang ITnh vUe phi NN cdn han che Thd ba, nhffng rui ro ve gid san xua't NN NbU da dl cap, DBSCL hien ddng gdp ra't nhieu dd'i vdi ca nUde, ddc biet la san xud't lua gao, thiiy sdn va cay an trdi nhuHg thu nhdp dau ngffdi cdn tha'p va cdn nhieu bd ngheo Cd the ndi, chinh nhffng nii ro vl gid NN da lam cupc chien chd'ng ddi ngheo trd nen khd khan Diep khue "dffdc mua - ma't gia" 1dm dau eua ndng ddn khdng on dinh, thu nhap tha'p, bd'p benh eho nen du la nffde xua't khau gao dffng dau the gidi nhffng DBCSL vdn dd'i mat vdi bai todn ngheo Chffng nao cac hlnb Ihtfc bdo hiem NN dffdc dp dung pbd bie'n va tbi trUdng dau dn dmh tbi dd mdi giai quye't dffdc can cd vd'n de viec lam, giam ngbeo, chd'ng tdi ngheo, nang cao thu nhap va ddi sd'ng ebo ngffdi ndng ddn IV Giai phap cai thidn viec lam cho lao ddng ngheo d DBSCL Giam ngbeo di ddi vdi tang trffdng kinh te Id thach thffc khdng cbi rieug ciia DBSCL ma cdn Id So - T h a n g 3/2019 67 TAP GHl CONG THIffillG va'n de chung cua ea nUde vd cdc nffdc ngheo Qud trinh giam ngbeo cua viing phdi dat bdi canh tdng the la ndng cao the manh, vai trd ciia DBSCL dd'i vdi ea nffdc, dac biet la tri dffdc tdc dp tang trffdng cao dd' ndng cao thu nbap, tao vide 1dm cho ngudi ddn nham tboat khdi ddi ngheo Giai quye't va'n de ngheo DBSCL vay cd mdi lien he chat cbe cac va'n de chung theo bffdng long nghep va'n de giam ngheo qua trinb tang trudng kinh te': Mot Id, tbUe hien ddng bd cac cbinb sach thuc day tang irUdng kinh te de tao cdng an vi$c lam, ndng cao, tbu nhdp, giam ddi ngheo Cbu trpng phdt tnin ci.c nbdm ngdnb cdng nghiep che'bien ndng san de gia tang gia tri cho nbdm nganh NN mui nbpn ciia viing Id lua gao, thuy san, trai cdy Dong thdi phdt trien cac ITnh vUc dich vu pbu bdp vdi Idi the eua viing, dac biet Id djch vu du lich Qua dd se gdp phan rut bdt sd' lao ddng ddi du NN, ndng cao nang sud't lao ddng va gidm ddi ngheo Hai la, tdp trung ngudn lUc giai quyet cae nbu cau cd ban cho ngUdi ngbeo, dac biet la dien, nude sach, nba d cho ddng bao thilu sd'vd ngUdi ngbeo kbu vUe ndng thdn Khdng cbi quan tam de'n ngheo thu nhap ma cdn bUdng ehinh sach giam ngheo dd'n gidi quyd't vd'n dl ngbeo da chieu ve giao due, y te, dieu kien sd'ng Ba Id, buy ddng ngudn lUe xd hdi tren tinb than xa hdi hda giai quye't vd'n de ngheo dd'i vdi DBSCL ndi ridng va cd nUde ndi ebung Tang cffdng ngudn Iffc xa bdi bd trp day ngbl eho ngffdi ngbeo, hd Ud xua't khau lao ddng, hd trp may mdc, vat tu cho sdn xud't De sff dung ngudn lUc giam ngbeo bieu qua can Idng gbep cac dff dn giam ngbeo d cdc dia phffdng de han chd sff trung lap dd'i tUdng hUdng thu vd gia tang sU pbd'i hdp ddng bd cua eac ebffdng trinh qud'c gia tai dia phffdng Bon Id, ndng cao chat Iffdng ngudn nhdn Iuc eua vung ndi chung va ngUdi ngheo ndi rieng thong qua phat huy vai trd dau tau ciia Cdn Tbd, TP Hd Cbi Minb dao tao nhan Iffc, dac biet Id nhdn Iffc phuc vu cho phdt trien NN Song song qua trinh dd, can phdt huy vai trd ciia cdng tdc dan van de giam ty le tre em bo hpc eua viing Gan qua trinh dao tao nghe cho ngffdi ngheo vdi tao viec lam tai chd de tao ddng Iffc thu hut ngUdi ngheo hoc nghe Trong dao tao nghe can ebu trpng dao tao nghe theo nhu eau eiia xa bdi de tranh lenh pha cung ffng ngudn lUc Ben canh dd cdn gan ket boat ddng dao tao vdi xua't khau lao ddng d6' ndng cao thu nhap cho ngffdi ngbeo Ndm la, gia tang dau ttf tff ngan sach nba nffdc va huy ddng cac ngudn vien trd dau tff vao he thdng cd sd tang khu vffc DBSCL, chii dau tu vao he thd'ng giao thdng dudng thuy vd cdc dich vu tdng eho NN, ndng thdn Giai quye't dUdc vd'n dl nhan lUc va cd sS tang vung DBSCL mdi cd cd hpi de thu but dau tU, tao viec Idra dac biet Id phdt tridn ede nganh phi NN gan vdi ldi the' cua viing de nang cao tbu nhap, giam ngbeo ben vffng Sdu la, phdt trien ede hinh thffc bao biem NN de giam thieu rui ro san xua't cua ndng dan Khi sinb kd eiia ngUdi dan va ngUdi ngheo vdng DBSCL cdn gan v6i san xua't NN, can chd trpng cdng tdc dU bao va nghidn effu thi trUdng de cung ffng san pbd'm NN cd cha't Iffdng vd tbu nhap cao Song song can xdy dffng ebffdng trinh hanh ddng cu tbd' ffng pbd vdi bie'n ddi hdu ddi vdi vung nham giam thieu riii ro san xua't NN Bay la, tdng cffdng md'i lien ke't vdng giffa cac tinh Uong viing DBSCL cung nhff md'i hen kd't giffa DBSCL - Ddng Nam bd dd' phdt trien thi trffdng hang hda ndng san vd eac boat ddng cdng nghidp che' bie'n de gia tang gid tri san phdm, tao viec lam, nang cao cao tbu nhdp cho ngffdi ngheo ndi rieng va ngUdi dan viing DBSCL ndi chung • TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: / Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xd hoi (2008) Di dn 1956: Con nhieu kho khdn, truy cdp 15/7/2012 http://www.molisa.gov vn/news/detail2/tabi d/37l/ newsid/55592/seo/De-an-l956-oYen-Bai-Con-nhieu-khokhan/language/ viVN/Default aspx 68 So4-Thang 3/2019 KINH TE Le Hoang Phtic (2012) ThUc trang lao ddng ndng thdn vd anh hudng ciia ddo tao nghe nong than den viec Idm vd thu nh&p ciia ngudi ddn Vinh Long Tong cue Thdng ke (2015) Bdo cdo dieu tra lao dong vd viec lam nam 2015 Tdng cue Thdng kS (2016) Nien gidm Thdng ke ndm 2016 Tdi lieu Hoi nghi true tuyin todn qudc tong ket eac chuang trinh muc tieu qudc gia nam 2017 Ngay nhan bai: 6/2/2019 Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chifa: 16/2/2019 Ngay chS'p nhSn dang bai: 26/2/2019 Thdng tin tdc gid: ThS LE THI KIM CHI Khoa Kinh te - Quan tri kinh doanh, Trifdng Dai hoc An Giang THE EMPLOYMENT FOR POOR WORKERS IN THE MEKONG DELTA • Master LETHI KIM CHI Faculty of Economics and Business Administration An Giang University ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the employment issue for poor workers in the Mekong Delta when the regional agricultural production and exports increase rapidly but the income of farm households does not increase proporiionately, even decrease in some areas which experience difficulties in production Although the Mekong Delta is the key area of Vietnam's rice production, the rich-poor gap between urban and rural areas is widening This issue has partly reduced the development motivation of die agriculture sector and rural areas, lowering the comptetiveness of many agricultural products and negatively affecting the income and living of many farm households Keywords: Mekong Delta, agricultural production, national food security, employment, poor labor So - T h a n g 3/2019 69 ... bdt so lao ddng ddi dff, DBSCL vd'n dffpe xem la vQng trung ve gido due vdi chd't lUdng lao ddng cua vung ndi chung va ngffdi ngbeo ndi rieng hien dang bdo ddng Mac du viJng ed Itfc lUdng lao ddng... ddi dao vdl lUc Itfdng lao ddng tff 15 tuoi trd len cua viing nam 2017 khoang 10.332 ngbin ngudi, chie'm 59,1% dan sd' va dffng tbtf cd nude ve quy md lao ddng nhUng ty le lao ddng tff 15 tuoi... dau tU lao ddng ddi dff NN khdng the tim kie'm viec lam budc pbai bdm tru NN vdi ndng sud't vd thu nhdp tha'p UI Nh§n xet thffc trang viec lam cua lao dong ngheo DBSCL Thii nhdt, trinb lao ddng