Giới trong tiếp cận và quản lý đất nông nghiệp của người cơ tu ở huyện nam đông tỉnh thừa thiên huế

KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE GIOI TROIVG TIEP CAlXl VA OUAIXI LY DAT IVOIXIG IXIGHIEP CLIA IXIGUOI CD TU IJ HUYEIXI IXIAIVI DdlXIG TilXIH THUA THIEIXI HUE Ll Thi Hoa SenS Tran Thi HuongS Trdn Nii My Linh' T6MTAT Nghien cuu dugc tiln hanh d" hai xa Thuong Long va Thuong Lo, huyen Nam Dong, tinh Thira Thien - Hue nam 2019 nhdm tim hieu vai trd cua phu nu dan tgc Ca Tu tiep can va quan ly dat san xudt nong nghiep cua hp Thong tin duoc thu thap tir phong van sau bdn can bd xa, hai can bo nong nghiep huyen va phdng van 71 nong ho dan tgc Co Tu d hai xa nghien cuu Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thdy viec tiep can va sir dung ddt san xuat nong nghiep tai dia ban nghien cuu cdn thilu su binh ddng giUa nam va nu gidi Mac dii phu nu chm trach nhiem thuc hien hau het cac hoat dong sic dung dat va phu nir sir dung dat nong nghiep hieu qua hon nam gidi nhung quyen tiep can, quyIn quyet dinh mua ban, chuyen nhuong va quyet dmh su dung ddt chu yeu nam gidi thirc bien Su cham tri tnen khai cap mdi va doi chiing nhan quyIn sii dung dat cho nguoi dan; thieu nhan thirc vl binh ddng gidi tilp can va quan ly tai nguyen dat nong nghiep cua ngudl CoTu; dac tinh tirtt cua ngudi phu nuCoTu cung nhu tap quan ciia dan toe CoTu thira ke ddt dai la nhung nguyen nhan chinh cua tinh trang bdt binh ddng Nghien ciiu da de xudt mot so giai phap de hudng den su binh ddng va sir dung tai nguyen ben vung tap trung vao thuc day trien khai cap boac doi chung nhan quyIn sir dung dat vairuyen thdng nang cao nhan thirc vl Luat Dat dai cua nha nuoc va tam quan cua binh ddng gidi tiep can va quan ly tai nguyen dat san xudt nong nghiep Tir khod: Ca Tu, dan toe thieu sd, gidi, dat nong nghiep, quan ly, buyen Nam Bong OAT VAN OE Dl cap den gidi tilp cdn va quan ly tai nguyen dat la dl cap den su binh ddng giCra nam gidi va nir gioi quyIn hep can, quyIn mua ban, chuyin nhuong va quylt dinh sir dung ddt (FAO., 1992) Phu nir ndng thdn ludn gan liln vdi hoat ddng ndng nghiep, dac biet la cac hoat ddng lien quan din he sinh thdi ndng nghiep (Ahubakar et al., 2012) Phu nir cd nhirng dong gdp ldn cho van dl an ninh luong thuc gia dinh, cham sdc sue khde va quan ly tdi nguyen ndng hp (POPIN, 2019) Nghiln cuu cua Njieassam (2019) vl gidi va quyen tiep can va quan ly dat d' Cameroon cho thdy phu nir ban dia ddng vai tro quylt dinh san xudt ndng nghiep va dam bao an ninh luong thuc cho cdng ddng, nhien, ho phai ddi mdt vdi su phan bilt doi xu, bat binh ddng tilp can va thuc hanh quyIn sif dung ddt dai vi gidi tinh (la phu nir), vi dan toe (ngudi ban dia) va vi kinh t l ciia hp (ngheo) Str bat binh ddng da lam anh hudng ldn den nang luc san xudt vd hieu qua quan ly tai nguyin ddt 6' cac cdng ddng ngudi ban dia (Njieassam, 2019) chdu A, phu nCr ddng gdp hon ' Tnrdng Dai hoc Ndng Lam, Dai tioc Hue Email: sen.lelhihoa@huaf.edu 50% luc lupng lao ddng san xudt liia vd gdn ddy vai trd cua phu nu mang tinh dac thii va y nghia hon he thong nong nghiep ben vimg (FAO., 1992) Viet Nam, phu nu chiem h-en 50% dan so ca nuoc Phu nti tham gia vdo hdu hit linh vuc hoat ddng vd ddng vai tro rat quan trpng doi vdi san xudt ndng nghiep va phat triln ndng thon (QuyIn Dinh Hd et al, 2006) Tuy vay, viec tilp can va sir dung cdc tdi nguyen san xuat ndng nghiep, ddc bilt la tdi nguyen ddt san xudt cua phu nir nhilu bat cap (CUSO, 2019) Cac nghien cuu b Viet Nam vl vai tro cua phti nir dan tdc tiep can va su dung ddt san xuat hiln vdn it, dac bilt Id phu nir ddn tpc thieu sd viing niii cac tinh miln Trung Nghien ciru tiln hanh phan tich van dl gioi tilp can va quan ly dat ndng nghiep cua ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd b vimg mil Thira Thien Hui, tap trung vdo cdng ddng ngudi dan tdc Co Tu d huyen Nam Ddng dl CO CO so cho viec hoach djnh cac chinh sdch phat tnen sinh kl theo hudng bin vfmg PHUONG PHAP niGMBU CUU 2.1 Phuong phdp chpn dilm vd chpn mAu nghiln ciiu Thdng qua phdng vdn sau can bd ndng nghiep huven Nam Ddng hai xa Thuong Long vd Thucmg NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 5/2020 1.^7 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Lo dai dien cho cac xa ciia huyin vl cac dilu kien tu nhien, dat dai, dja hmh va ddn tdc duoc chpn lam diem nghiln ciiu Ddy la hai xa cd nhiiu ngudi ddn tdc CoTu sinh sdng nhdt tren dia ban huyen Mdu nghien cuu Id hd ngudi ddn tdc Co Tu cd san xudt ndng nghiip Dung lupng mau nghien ciru la 71 hd a hai xa Trong d6 xa Thuong Long cd 35 hd va xa Thupng Lp 36 hd Cac hd dupe lira chpn ngdu nhiln tir danh sach cua xa cung cdp theo khoang each nam hp chpn mot hp din dii dung lupng mau nghien cuu 2.2 Thu thdp thdng tin, so h$u thu cdp Thdng tin thu cap dupe thu thap tir cac cdng trinh nghiln cthi, tdi heu vl vai trd cua phu nir tilp can va su dung ddt san xudt ndng nghiip da dupe cdng bd, bao cdo phat triln kinh tl- xa hdi ciia xa, huyen, bao cao cua phdng Ndng nghiip va Phat trien ndng thdn huyen Cac thdng tin cdn thu diap hen quan din hoat dpng sinh kl, dac diem tu nhiln kinh t l -xa hdi cua dia ban nghiln euu; cde chu truong, dinh hudng phat triln kinh tl ciia dia phuong lien quan din sir dung tai nguyen dat 2.3 Thu thkp thong tin, sd Hlu so cap 2.3.1 Pbdng vin nguoi am biiu Nghiln Clhl tien hanh phdng van sau sau ngudi am hiiu, gdm hai Phd chu tich xa hai can bd ndng nghiip cua hai xa Thuong Long va Thuong Lp va hai can bo ndng nghiep huy|n Ndi dung phdng van nguoi am hieu tap trung vao tinh hinh phat tnen kinh tl cua dia phuong, dac diem tilp can va sii dung dat san xuat ndng nghiip ciia ngudi CoTu eac chinh sach liln quan din tiep can va su dung dat vai trd cua phu nu cde hoat ddng san xuat ndng nghiep Nghien ciiu tiln hdnh phdng vdn 71 hp bang ban hdi ban cdu tnic Ndi dung ban hdi tap tioing khai thdc dae diem nhan khau hoe, cac ngudn lire san xudt ciia hd, co cau thu nhap, vai tro ciia phu nw tilp can vd quan ly dat ndng nghiep nhung khd khan, thuan lpi sdn xuat nong nghilp ^"^ hd 2.3.3 Phuong phip phan ti'ch va xu ly thing hn, sdhiu Phuong phdp thdng kl md ta gdm gid tri trung bmh, dp lech chuan vd ti le phan tram dupe sii dung de phdn tich cdc thdng tin, sd Heu ciia nghien ciru Cac chi so chmh dupe phan tich gom chi sd vl dac dilm kinh t l -xa hdi co ban cua hd (trinh do, nhan khau, lao ddng, loai hd, co cau thu nhap cua hd); gidi tilp can ddt ndng nghiep (ngudn gdc ddt ndng nghiep ciia hd, diln tich dat binh quan cua ho, quyIn sir dung ddt san xuat ndng nghiep cua nam gidi va nu gidi); gidi quan Iy dat ndng nghiep (quyen quyet dinh su dung dat, diing tin quyIn sir dung ddt, tiiuc hanh su dung ddt); cOng nhu cac so hlu liln quan din danh gia hieu qua sir dung ddt cua mdi gidi Cde thdng tin tir phdng van ngudi am hilu va mdt sd thdng tin tir thao luan nhdm duoc tong hpp, phan tich, ddi chilu va don gian hda theo timg chu dl va ndi dung cdn tim hieu KET QUA NGHEN CUU 3.1 Ddc diem nhdn khau hpc xd hpi ciia hai xa Thupng Long vd Thupng Lp Dac diem vl nhan khau hpc xa hdi the hien tiem lue va kha nang sii dung ngudn lue dl phat triln kmh t l cua tiing dja phuang Bang the hien mot sd chi tilu vl nhdn khdu hpc xa hdi ciia hai xa Thupng Long va Thuong Ld nam 2018 2.3.2 Phdng van ho Bang 1: Mpt sd chi tilu vl d$c dilm nhdn khau hpc xa hpi caa hai xd Thupng Long va ThupngJ^jigm 2018 Sd luong/quy md Dac diem Don Vl tinh Thuong Long ' Thuong Ld 648 ' 318 Tdne sd hd Hd Tdng nhan khdu 678 1.376 Ngudl Dan tdc Co Tu Hd 622 293~~~~^ Dan tdc Kinh Hd 26 25 Lao ddng 2.36 2,30 Lao done/ ho Lao ddng ndng/ ldm nghiep Lao ddng 1.448 , 628 ^ 0.26 0.09 ~ ^ Dien tich ddt ndng nghiep ha/nguoi Ti ll hd ngheo 30,24 2'*'2llZJ 12,34 15.33~^~~~ Tv le hd cdn ngheo % \ (.Nguon I B.VD xa Thuong Long, Cl>Sl> xa Thuong Ld 2019) NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 5/2020 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Qua bang ta cd thi thay ngudi ddn toe Co Tu chilm dai da sd dan sd ciia hai xa (trin 92% tong sd hp) Luc lirpng lao ddng ciia hai xd khd cao Trung binh mdi hd cd trin lao dpng va hau h i t la lao dpng ndng nghiip Tuy vdy, diln tich ddt san xuat nong nghiip rdt it, binh qudn mdi khau chi dat 0,09 b xa Thupng Long va 0,26 d' xa Thupng Lo Hon thi niia, dilu kiln dia hinh ddi mii ddc, song suoi nhieu nIn ddt dai phan tan, manh mun va chu yen phu thudc vdo nguon nude mua Do vay, thu nhap eiia hp thdp vd bap binh Ty ll ho ngheo va can ngheo cao gan 43% d' xa Thuong Long va 40% b xa Thupng Ld (Bang 1) 3.2 Co cau thu nhdp cua nhdm hp nghien cuu Ngudn thu nhap ddng vai trd rdt quan trpng phdt h-ien sinh k l cua hd Ngudn thu nhap cao hay thap; da dang hay khdng da dang, thu nhap on dmh hay khdng cd tinh quylt dinh ldn dot vdi doi sdng ciia ndng hp Bang cho thay ngudn thu nhdp cua ndng hd b hai xa nghiln ciiu kha da dang, gdm trpt, chan nudi, khai thdc lam san ngodi go tir rimg, Iam thul ndng nghiep, lam thue phi ndng nghiip, dieh vu budn ban nho, vd cdc ngudn thu khac nhu luong, tien ldm an noi khac gui vl, cdc ngudn ho tro tir nha nude, cac td chiic va cdng ddng Bang Co cdu thu nhdp cua nong hp nghiln aiu (tripu dong/nam) Ngudn thu Xa Thuong Long (n=35) Xa Thupng Lp (n=36) Binh qudn Binh quan Trong trpt 18,84+15,49 9.18+6.94 Chan nudi 1,17 + 2,09 0.75+1.67 Khai thac lam san ngoai gd tir rimg 0,73 + 1,62 0.87+1.50 Ldm thue ndng nghiep 1,91 +7.29 2.42 + 6.90 Lam thul phi ndng nghiep 2.00 ± 7,09 6.91 + 18.63 Dich vu 1,11+5.55 0.00 + 0,00 3.05 ± 14.31 12.86 + 20.06 Cac ngudn thu khac (Ngudn: Phdng vin hd 2019) Bang cung cho thdy binh quan thu nhap tii trdng trot cua cac hp dilu tra chiem ty le rat cao CO cdu thu nhap cua cd hai nhdm hp tai xa Doi vdi xa Thupng Long ngudn thu tir trdng trot khoang 18,84 trilu ddng/hp/nam chilm 65,39% tdng thu nhdp Ti le d' xa Thuong Lp thdp hon nhung van d'muc cao so vdi cac ngudn thu khdc la 9,18 trieu dong/ nam chiem 27,83% Dilu chiing muih hoat dong trpt dong vai tro quan trpng sinh kl cua hp ddn d dia ban nghien ciiu Dp lech chuan vl nguon thu tir trdng trpt d" xa tiJong doi ldn chiing to cd su biln dpng ldn vl thu nhap tir trot giira cac hd ti-ong cimg xa Ly chinh theo kit qua phdng van nguoi am hieu la su chinh lech vl dien tich dat ndng nghiip cung nhu kha nang ddu tu cua hd Dilu cho thdy quyIn dupe tilp can va su dung ddt cho san xuat ndng nghiep ddng vai trd quylt dinh ddi voi sinh k l cua hp va cpng ddng 3.3 Thuc trang tilp cdn ddt nong nghi§p ciia cdc hp dilu tra Dat dai la mdt ngudn tdi nguyin quan trpng ddi vdi san xuat ndng nghiep Cac nghien cihi vl tiep can ddt dai (Hodng Cam Ll et al., 2013) da chi rdng, cd ba nguon ehinh de ndng hd tilp can dupe ngudn tai nguyin ddt san xuat ndng nghiep dd Id thdng qua su phan bd dat cua Nha nuoc (giao dat hoac ddu gid quyIn sir dung ddt cua chinh quyin xa), thdng qua cac mdi quan he gia dinh (thira ke, chuyen nhupng) va thdng qua thi trudng (mua ban, thul) Tuy nhien tren thue tl, ngudn gdc ddt tai cac ndng hp ddng bao ddn tpc Co Tu cdn cd them hai hinh thirc khac Id khai hoang vd qua bilu (bilu ddi) Tir hilu dd cd the thay ngudn gdc dat san xudt ndng nghiep tai dia ban nghiln eiiu chu ylu la tir nhd nude giao, thira kl va khai hoang Mpt ti le it hp mua ban dat ndng nghiep hoae tilp nhan dudi dang qua bieu, tang Chilm ri le cao nhdt d ca hai xa Id ddt nhd nuoc giao Ti Ie ddt nha nuoe giao chilm 37,14% o' "ITiupng Long va 41,67% b xa Thuong Lp tdng diln tich ddt ndng nghiep Ngudn goc ddt san xudt ciia cac ndng hp tir thira k l chiem ti Ie cao thii vdi 28,57% Thuong Long va 33,33% d-Thuong Lp Theo kit qua dilu tra nguyen nhan chinh la cac hd nghiln eiiu la ngudi ddn tpc thieu sd nen viec tilp can tai nguyen ddt cdn phu thudc nhilu vdo van hod, tiuyln thdng ban dia Van hod ddn tdc Co Tu thi ddt dai dl lai eho uu riln cho trai sau qua doi vd khong ban di Chmh vi thi ri le ddt thira ke NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 5/2020 159 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE chilm ti le eao Bin canh do, boat dpng khai hoang ddt, dot nuong Iam rdy cung Id mdt nhiing tap quan canh tdc ciia nguoi ddn tpc thilu sd o nhtrng vung ntii cao nIn ti le hp cd ddt tir khai hoang chilm dang kl Viec mua ddt de san xudt d dia bdn nghien ciru chira bien, chu ylu la cdc hp tre mdi tach hd, khdng cdn dat dl khai hoang va khdng cd ddt thira kl QiinbiaitJiiu I 'XaTTiiroii|Lo •XilliiimaLw? 5}J3J' U% 511 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Hinh 1: Tlnic trang tilp cdn ddt san xuat ndng nghi|p cua hp nghiln cuu (Nguon: Phdng vin ho, 2019) 3.4 Gi6i vd quyIn sir dung ddt san xudt ndng nghiip ctia nhdm hp dilu tra IS* " lAiTliimsLixis I \iniiTOL' nude ban hanh, nhdm bdo ve quyln loi leh hpp P ^ cua ngudi sir dung theo Ludt Ddt dai va eac quy_ ' phap luat khac Quy dinh giay chiing nhan quyen dung ddt (Ludt ddt dai 2003) phai ghi ten ea vo va chdng Viec diing ten trin gidy to ddt gdm ca vg va chdng Id mdt van d i quan b-png dl dam bao tinh bm ddng vd nang cao nang luc tilp can ddt dai ciia phu nu (Hoang cam Le etal, 2013) Tuy nhien viec tiiln khai quy dinh ciia Ludt ddt dai cdn nhilu han che, dan tdi vdn cdn tdn tai tinh tiang bdt binh dang gidi ti-ong tilp can va su dung ddt nong nghiepKit qua diiu ti-a d dia bdn nghien ciiu cho thdy, tat ca cac hp cd ddt ndng nghiep diu ed giay chiing nhan quyln sii dung dat Tuy nhien, khdng phai tat ca cac manh dat ndng nghiep ma hp nam giii deu co sd va khdng phai diing ten ca va va chdng nhu quy dinh (Biludd2) Tir bilu dd ta thdy, ti 11 ho cd ca vp va chong diing ten giay chiing nhan quyen sir dung dat chua din 40% b Thupng Ld va chua din 30% o Thupng Long T\ le giay chung nhan quyln sir diing dat chi cd nam gidi diing ten chilm ti ll rdt cao vdi 57,14% tai xa Thupng Long va 52.78% tai xa Thupng Lp Mot nhiing ly nhu da dl cap b phdn tiirdc ehirih la ddt thiia ke eua ngudi CoTu chu yeu cho trai Mpt ti ll nhd hd cd nu gidi dung ten ti'ong giay chiing nhan su dung dat khdng cd chdng hoac khdng hilt hoac khdng nhd dimg tin Kit qua phdng van va quan sat hp cdn cho thdy rang, rat nhieu hd ca nam va nii gidi diu khdng quan tam la nguoi diing ten Ca vp va chdng deu khdng hieu vi phai dimg ten ca hai va cho rdng dimg tin ca vp va chdng cd the bdt tien vi rapi hoat ddng lien quan din gidy chiing nhan su dung ddt diu phai CO ca va va chdng, vdng mot ngudi khdng giai quyet dupe Khi mudn thi chdp dl vay tiln hoac ldm viec gi lien quan cung phai cdn ea hai Hdu hit cae hp dilu tra cho rang, khong dupe tuyen tiuyin hoac chia se thdng tin vl Luat dat dai va vi phai ca hai vp chdng phai diing ten tiong giay chiing nhan quyln sii dung dat, mue dich la gi Diiu dd cho thay rdng viec tiiln khai thuc hien cac chinh sach Hinh Thyc h-^ng ddng ki tin quyIn su dung dat quy dinh vl ddt dai, quyln tiep cdn dat ciia phu nii nPng nghiip cua hp dilu ti^ chua dupe biln rdng rai din nguoi dan dia ban (Nguon: Phong van hd 2019) nghiln ciiu, dac biet phu nir ddn tdc CoTu Ngoai Chinh sdch ddt dai thdi ky doi moi ciia Viet Nam kit qua diiu tra cOng cho thdy cac ban nganh liln bao dam quyin su dung ddt cua cdc hp gia dinh, quan b dia phuong chua quyet lilt thue day viec can thong qua viec cdp giay chung nhdn quyIn sir dung hoac doi gidy chiing nhdn quyln sii dung dat theo luat dat Giay ehiing nhdn quyin sir dung dat nha mdi, mac dii luat da hon 15 nam do anh hudn 160 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 5/2020 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE dang kl din nhdn thiic cung nhu sir bat bmh ddng gidi tilp can va quan ly dat san xuat ndng nghiep 3.5 Vai trd cua phu nii Ca Tu tilp cdn vd sit dung ddt ndng nghipp Tilp can ngudn luc la quyln, la co hpi dl SIJ dung, quan ly, kiem soat mdt loai ngudn lire ndo dd vai trd cua phii nii tiep can ddt san xudt ndng nghiip la co hpi d l phu nu dupe su dung dat san xuat nong nghiip, va cung la co hpi de phu nu cd quyen dupe quan ly kiem sodt vd quylt dinh doi ddt sdn xuat ndng nghiip Quyln tiep cdn dat ddng vai tro quan trpng quylt dinh hilu qua san xudt ndng nghiep cua cac ho gia dinh Bang thi hien cu thi vl vai trd cua phu nii Co Tu tilp can dat ndng nghiep tai dia bdn nghien ciiu Bdng 3: Quyln quylt dinh tilp can va six dung ddt ndng nghiip cua nam vd nu gioi ngudi Co Tu dia ban nghiln ciiu (Ti 1| %) Xa Thuong Long (n=35) Xa Thuang Lo (n=36) Npi dung Nil gioi Nam gioi Ca2 NUgioi Nam giai Ca2 Quy^t dinh bep can dat 8,57 65,72 25,71 5,55 88,90 5,55 Quyet dinh ban, chuyen nhupng dat 5,71 82,86 11,43 5.55 91,67 2,78 Quy^t dinh su dung dat vao cac hoat dong san xuat 8,57 65,72 25,71 5,55 88,90 5,55 (Ngudn: Phong van hd 2019) 97.22% 91.67% ^ 97 22% — 94 44% ^ '^^^ m Lain diit Gieo bat =Nri aioi Boii Lam co Thu piimi lioadi JfiNamgio! •Ca Hmh 3: Su dting ddt san xuat nPng nghipp cua nii gidi vd nam gidi tai xd Thupng Long Lam dat Gieo hat Bon phan Lam co (it-(n% Thu hoach Hinh 4: Su dung dat san xuat dat ndng nghiip ciia nii gioi vd nam gidi tai xa Thupng Lp (Ngudn: Phdng vin hd, 2019) Kit qua d* bang cho ta thay, quyin tilp can ddi 5,55% Bin cardi tilp can tdi nguyin ddt ndng nghidp vdi ddt san xudt nong nghiep cua cae hp nghiln eiiu viec quylt dinh bdn, chuyin nhupng quylt dmh su chu ylu thupc v i nam gioi, nii gidi it cd co hpi duoc dung dat san xudt ndng nghiip tai cdc hp nghiln ciiu tilp can Vilc quylt dinh tiep can ddi voi ddt san xudt chu ylu nam gioi quyet dinh Ti le ca vo ldn chdng ndng nghiip tai xa Thupng Long ti le nam gidi dua tham gia thao luan, dua quylt dinh oing kha cao quylt dinh tiep can chilm 65,72%, dd ti le xa Thuong Lp, mac dii ti ll ho dting ca tin vp va nu gidi dua quylt dinh tilp can chi chilm 8,57% chdng tren gidy sii dung ddt cao hon ban d xd Tuong tij, ff xa Thuong Lp, ti le dua quyet dinh Thupng Long nhtmg ti le hp cd cd vo lin chdng cung tiep can giiia nam gidi va nii gidi lan luot la 88,90% va dua quylt dinh su dung dat rdt thap va thdp hon xd NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 5/2020 161 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Thupng Long (ti ll tren 25% b Thupng Long, Thupng Ld chi dudi 6%) Ngoai ra, hai bilu d i va cho thdy hdu hit cdc hoat dpng san xudt su dung dat ndng nghiep diu vp thuc hien, chi rieng khau ldm ddt va thu hoaeh ea hai cimg thuc hiln Dilu thdy quyln tilp can va quyln dua quylt dinh su dung dat san xuat ndng nghiip cua phu nir Co Tu tai dia ban nghien ciiu chua dupe phat huy, hp ludn phai phu thudc nam gioi Dilu dd ddng nghia vdi viec, tinh ti-ang bdt bmh dang gidi tilp can ddt san xuat ndng nghiip, nii gidi phai chiu anh hudng tieu cue tir tinh trang bat bmh ddng gidi dd Nhtrng ly chinh theo kit qua phong van sau ngudi am hilu gdm: (Q tinh tu ti eua ngudl phu nu Co Tu, ludn nghi minh ed giir vai trd thir ylu gia dinh eiing nhuxa hdi; (iO Tap quan cua ngudi dan tde Cff Tu thudng ngirdi dan dng gia trudng, phu nii phu thude va su thira ke ddt dai thudng uu tien cho nam gidi; (iii) thilu su biln cac thdng tin vi binh ddng gidi tilp can va sti dung tai nguydn, dac biet la tai nguyen dat, Luat ddt dai 2003 nhdm tao quyln tilp can va vai tid quan ly tdi nguyen ddt san xudt ndng nghiip eua hp Ngoai ra, mpt so y kiln eua ngudi dan eho rdng, quan diem cua ngudl dan tpc Co Tu thi nam gidi chi lam nhung vilc lon va dua nhiing quylt dinh ldn chdng han cac vilc nang nhoc nhu lam dat, van chuyen ndng san pham, khai thac Idm san va nhirng viec nhd nhu cham sdc cdy trdng, vdt nudi, viec ndi trp gia dinh 70% , • N a m Janh g i a •: N i i iliinh giu ^ m V^ nen cdng viec cua nam gidi hdu nhu quann nain day ngudn tiiu nhdp chinh Nhung nhtrng nam gan ngudn tdi nguyen can kilt vd thue hien that cha quan ly rimg cua chinh quyin va cac ban ngdnh bin quan nen hoat dong khai thac lam san gidm han Do vay, ngudn thu tii san xudt nong nghiep ngdy cang giu vai tro quan ti-png Do dd, vai ti-d ciia phu nii co thi cd CO hpi cai thien tdt hffn nlu duoc nang cao nhan thiic vl binh ddng gioi tilp can vd su dung tai nguyen noi chung va tdi nguyen dat nong nghiep ndi neng 3.6 Ddnh gid cua hp vl vai trd cua phu nQ vd hilu qua su dung ddt ndng nghiip Trong dilu kien cac nguon tai nguyen de san xudt cd han, dien tich ddt ndng nghiep cang bi thu hep siic l p eua qua ti-uih thi hda, su gia tang dan sd va tac dong cua biln ddi hau thi viec sir dung hilu qua ddt san xuat nong nghiep la h i t siic can thilt Trong qua trinh san xuat va su dung ddt ndng nghiep, hieu qua sii dung dat la ylu td quan trpng ma cdc ndng hp quan tam Tuy nhiln, hilu qua sii dung dat ndng nghiep cila nam gidi va nii gidi d cac hp nghien ciru co nhirng su khac biet Bieu dd va bieu dd the hiln cu the danh gia cua hp ve hieu qua sit dung ddt cua nam gidi va nu gioi ciia cdc hp nghien ciru 90% " >, 60% tiiu hdi cdc loai ldm sdn ngodi gd la nhiing vi?c c ntr gidi Truffc ddy khai thdc ldm san kha phd bien 80" „ «N.imtl.mli gia I 70% -: Nu danh gia j 50",1 40 40% 40",, 60% 50% ZU'o I Nam (chong) 20% 10% Nut\