Một số bất cập của luật đầu tư liên quan đến đầu tư nước ngoài tại việt nam

- T A I C H I N H -Woj5/!?(i; MOT so BAT CAP CUA LUAT DAU Tl/ LIEN Q U A N DEN DAU Tl/ Nl/dC NGOAl TAI VIET NAM CAONHATLINH,HdDlJrCHl|P Trong xu the todn cdu hoa vd hgi nhdp quoc ti phdp ludt ve ddu tdid mdt nhimg nhdn to dnh hddng trdc tiep din viic thu hut ddu tti nddc ngodi Lugt Bdu tti hien hdnh cho thdy cd nhieu bdt cdp lien quan din hogt dgng ddu tti ntidc ngodi, nhien, nhting bat cap ndy vdn chtia dtigc Dti thdo ludt Bdu tti ndm 2020 khac phuc Thtic ticho thdy, viec hodn thiin Ludt Bdu tti Id rdt cdn thiSdi tbu hut dau tti ndi chung vd thu hut nhd ddu tti ntidc ngodi ddu tti tgi Viit Nam ndi rieng Tit khod: Ludt Bau td, thu bdt dau tU, nba ddu tU nddc ngodi, bat cap SOME INADEQUACIES OF THELAWON INVESTMENT lap hoac tham gia ihanh lap to chiic kmh te tai RELATED TO FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN VIETNAM Vigt N a m thi chi duge lap nhiing to chiic kinh Cao Nhat Linh, Ho Due Hiep te'nao ma nha dau tu se tib thanh vien hogc co !n the trend of globalization and international integration, the law on investment is one of the factors that directly affect the results of attracting foreign investment The Investment Law shows many shortcomings related to foreign investment however, these shortcomings current activities, have not been overcome by the Draft Investment Law of 2020 In fact, the completion of the Investment Law is essential to attract investment in general and attract foreign investors to invest in Vietnam in particular dbng Noi each khae, doi vbi doanh nghigp (DN), nha d'au tu nube ngoai chi duoc quyen dau tu lap, tham gia lap eong ty ttach nhigm h u u han, cbng ty cb phan va cbng ty h o p danh (Theo quy dinh a i a Luat DN nam 2014, chi doi vbi cac logi hinh cbng ty thi nha d'au tu sau lap, tham gia lap mbi dupc ggi ia vien hoac co dbng) Vige khong cho phep ngubi nube ngoai dau t u lap DN tu nhan d i n g duoc gian tiep quy dinh Luat DN nam 2014 Cu the, Dieu 20 a i a Luat DN 2014 quy dinh ho so dang ky DN tu nhan chi bao gbm Giay de nghi dang ky DN va Ban The can cube cbng dan, Giay chiing mmh nhan dan, Hb ehieu Keywords: investment law investment attraction, foreign hoac chiing thuc ca nhan h g p phap khae ciia chu DN investors, inadequacies tu nhan Trong ho so dang ky DN a i a tat ca cae \ ioai hinh cbng ty (tir Dieu 21 den Dieu 23) deu eb "Ban Giay chiing nhgn dang ky dau tu' doi vbi nha d'au Ngay nhdn bai: 21/4/2020 Ngay hoan thien biin tap: S/S/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: ll/S/2020 t u n u b e ngoai theo quy dmh ciia Luat Dau tu" Dieu v i n dupc tiep tiic ghi nhgn D u thao Luat DN siia doi nam 2010 P g thao 10/3/2020) Cb nhieu nguyen nhan de Lugt Dau tit va Lugt DN Quy djnh ve chd the dau t u lap to chdc kinh te tai Viet Nam Khoan 17, Dieu Luat Dau t u nam 2014 d i n h khbng cho phep nha dau tu nube ngoai lap DN tu nhan tgi Vigt Nam, tiong db eo the eo Iy ve"DN tu n h a n la DN mbt ca nhan lam ehii va tij ehiu nghia: "To chiic kmh te cb vbn dau t u n u b e ngoai la tiach nliigm bang toan bg tai san eua minh ve mpi to chiic kinh tg'cb nha d'au t u n u b e ngoai la vien hoat dgng ciia D N " tiieo quy dinh ciia Khoan 1, Dieu hogc CO dbng" Dinh nghia van d u g c tiep tuc ghi 183 Lugt DN nam 2014 Noi each khac, tiach nhiem nhan tgi Khoan 20, Dieu ciia D u thao Lugt Dau tu vb hgn cua ehii D N h i n h a n eo the la nguygn n h a n nam 2020 N h u vay, nha dau t u n u a c ngoai m u o n tu ehinh de Luat Dau tu khbng chap nhan nha dau tir 73 m nube ngoai lap DN tu n h a n tai Viet Nam, mac dii DN t u nhan ciing la mgt logi hinh DN nam ttong nhbm cac to chiic kinh te theo quy dinh a i a phap luat hign hanh Tuy nhien, neu xet ve tinh trach nhiem vb h g n m a khong cho nha dau tu nuoc ngoai lap D N tir n h a n thi khbng h g p Iy va khbng thong nhat giiia eae quy djnh Luat DN Cu the, tgi Khoan 5, Dieu 21 cua Luat DN nam 2014 thira nhgn n h a d a u tu n u b e ngoai la ea nhan, van cb quyen lam t h a n h vien h g p d a n h ciia cbng ty h p p danh Dieu n a y dbng nghia vai viec neu nha dau tu la ca n h a n n u o c ngoai, d a u tu vbi tu each la vien h o p d a n h ly ciing khbng khac gi chii DN tir n h a n khbng tai san de toan cac khoan n p cbn lai cua DN Xuat phat tir bat cap neu tien, Luat Dau tu nen quy dinh ve to ehiic kinh te eb von dau t u n u b e ngoai theo h u b n g : "To chiic kinh te cb von dau tu nuoc ngoai la to chiic kinh te cb n h a dau tu' n u o c ngoai lap hoae gbp von, m u a eo phan, p h a n von gbp"- Neu sua doi dinh nghia theo h u b n g n h u vay thi nha dau t u n u o c ngoai eb the dupc binh dang vbi nha d a u t u ttong n u o c viec t h a n h Igp DN tai Viet N a m , tiong db eb dau tu Igp D N tu nhan Ve giay chdng nhan dang ky dau ttf lap to chuTc kinh te tai Vi&t Nam ciia cong ty h g p d a n h thi ciing phai "chiu trach nhiem bang toan bg tai san ciia minh ve cae nghia Theo Khoan 1, Dieu 22 ciia Luat D a u t u n a m v g ciia cbng ty" (theo quy dinh tgi Diem b, Khoan 1, 2014 thi "Trube t h a n h lap tb chiie kirdi te, nha dau tu n u b e ngoai p h a i cb d u an d a u tu, t h g c hign Mot s6 quy dinh Luat f)au ttf nim 2014 li&n quan trtfc ti^p d€n diu ttf ntfdc ngoai dang dtfOc hoin thi^n Dtf thio Luat Dau ttf nam 2020 Tuy nhi^n, van cic quy dinh lam han ch^ d^u ttf ntforc ngoai chtfa dtftfc khic phuc Vi#c ti^p tuc hoan thi&n cac quy d|nh niy l i mdt nhdng y^u t5 gdp phan ti'ch ctfc vi@c thu hut d i u ttf ntfdc ngoai tai Viet Nam thil tuc cap Giay ehiing n h g n d a n g k y d a u t u theo quy dinh tgi Dieu 37 eiia Luat n a y " D g thao Lu§t D'au tu n a m 2020 b o s u n g t r u b n g h p p ngogi le khong c'an phai cb d g an va Giay chiing n h a n d a n g ky dau t u la: " t r u b n g h o p t h a n h lap D N n h b v a vira i khbi nghigp sang tgo va q u y d a u t u k h b i nghigp sang tgo theo quy d i n h ciia p h a p luat ve h o t r p D N n h b va vira" Dieu 172) va eiing phai "Lien dbi chju trach nhiem t h a n h toan het sb n g cbn lai ciia cbng ty neu tai san ciia cbng ty khbng du de trang trai so n p ciia cong ty" (theo quy dinh tai Diem d, Khoan 2, Di'eu 176) Nhiing quy dinh van eon duge giii nguyen npi d u n g D u thao Luat DN (sira dbi) nam 2020 N h u vay, xet v^ traeh nhiem ve tai san thi cb the ket luan la vien h g p d a n h a i a cong ty h g p danh phai chiu trach nhigm ve tai san nhieu hon chii DN t u n h a n (Bbi vi, ngoai ttach nhigm vo han n h u chu DN tu n h a n thi vien h g p danh a i a cbng ty h g p d a n h cbn phai chiu trach nhiem trach nhiem lien dbi vbi cac vien h g p d a n h khac doi voi cac nghia vu eua eong ty) Mgt vi du de chiing minh eho su bat cap ve vige cbng n h a n quyen d'au tu Igp cong ty hgp danh vbi tu each vien h p p danh, ma khong cong rihgn quyen dau tu tharih lap DN tu nhan doi vbi nha dau tu nube ngoai Ia: Hai ngubi nube ngoai eiing n h a u lap cbng ty h g p danh Theo quy dinh o i a Lugt DN thi ca hai vien h g p danh deu phai ehiu ttach nhiem vb han ve tai san va Lien dbi cho n h a u The' n h u n g , ea hai vien h p p d a n h deu khbng tai san de chju ttach nhiem tiong boat dgng kinh doanh eiia cong ty ttu hgu qua phap Quy dinh dieu kign ve d u an va Giay chiing nhgn dang ky dau tu neu tren la chua h o a n toan h g p ly bbi eae ly sau: Thu nhai, tao them t h u tue r u b m cho n h a dau tu n u b e ngoai: Theo quy dinh ciia L u a t D N hien hanh, vigc dang ky quy m b von, n g a n h n g a n h nghe kinh doanh la rat t u do, trir n h i i n g n g a n h n g h e kinh doanh eb dieu kien Doi vbi nha d a u t u nube, lap DN thi khbng bat b u g c p h a i cb d g an va giay ehiing n h a n d a n g ky d a u txt D o vay, viee quy dinh dieu kien doi vbi nha d a u t u n u b e ngoai se tgo bat binh diing giiia n h a d a u t u ttong n u o c va nha d a u t u n u b e ngoai, lam giam di vigc thu hiit d a u t u n u b e ngoai (2 dieu kign n a y se lam mat di thbi gian, gay phien ve thu tgc cho nha dau tu n u b e ngoai) Thu hai, khbng cb y nghia nha dau h i n u b e ngoai khbng m u o n lam vien, eo dbng sang lap o i a to chiic kinh te: Theo quy dinh hien hanh tiii hinh tiiiic dau ti^ gbp vbn, mua co phan, mua ph^n vSn gbp a i a to chiic kinh te khbng yeu elu nha d i u tir nube ngoai phai eb d u an va Giay chung nhan d a n g ky dau til (theo Khoan 2, Di^eu 36 Lugt D i u tir n a m 2014) Do db, nha d i u tir nube ngoai mubn khbng l^m d u an va thu tiic cap G i ^ ehimg n h a n dang ky dau t u till ho xo the m y c hienTjangT^aerr u i u g fc L_ian^£HfNli: thi hg cb the thgc Men bang each thba t h u a n de phia eua vien h g p danh cua cbng ty h p p d a n h tiong nha dau tu Vigt N a m lap trube tb ehiie kinh te" Luat DN Cu tiie^ Lugt Dau tij nam 2014 thira nhgn Ngay sau to chiie kinh te' d u g c lap, nha d i u nha d i u t u la ca n h a n n u o c ngoai dugc dau tu tu nube ngoai se d i u t u vao Iam vien, co dbng lap cbng ty h p p d a n h vbi tu each la vien h g p theo hinh thiic gop vbn, m u a cb p h i n , m u a p h a n von d a n h (Di'gu 22) va d u g e d i u tu gbp von vao cong ty gop va thay db'i ngi d u n g d a n g ky de tham gia vao h p p d a n h de trb thanh vien h g p danh eiia cbng cae chite d a n h quan ly eong ty ty (gop vbn de tang von dieu le cua cbng ty hgp danh Xuat phat tit bat cap neu tren, Lugt Dau t u nen bb theo Khoan 1, Dieu 25) dieu kign phai eo d u an va Giay ehiing n h a n dang N h u vay, tai nha dau t u n u b e ngoai khbng ky dau tu trube lap hogc t h a m gia lap d u p c mua p h a n von gop a i a vien h g p danh de to chiic kmh te tai Viet N a m doi vbi n h a d i u tu' n u b e trb thanh vien h p p d a n h eiia cbng ty? Trong ngoai, chii khbng chi d i m g lai b vigc b b dieu kign tgi Khoan 3, Dieu 175 o i a Luat DN nam 2014 (Dg doi vbi t r u b n g h g p t h a n h lap D N n h b va vira, thao Luat DN sira db'i nam 2020 van giir nguygn ngi khbi nghiep sang tao va quy dau t u khbi nghigp sang d u n g nay) eho phep vien h g p danh dugc quyen tao theo quy dinh ciia p h a p luat ve h b ttp DN n h b va ehuyen n h u g n g p h a n vbn gbp o i a minh tai cong ty vita nhu nbi d u n g a i a D g thao n e u tren Viee bb ca cho ngubi khac neu dugc s g chap thuan a i a cac vien h g p danh lai Luat D i u ttf nam 2014 thda nhan nha dau ttf Id Cci nhSn ntfdc ngoai dtftfc dau ttf ISp cdng ty htfp danh vcri ttf each 1^ vien hop danh (Dilu 22) va dtftfc d i u ttf gop von vao cdng ty htfp danh de trdthanh vien hop danh cda cdng ty (g6p von de tang v^n dieu le cda cong ty htfp danh theo KhoSn 1, Dieu 25) Xuat phat tir bat cap neu tren, doi vbi hinh thiie dau tu mua p h a n vbn gbp ciia cbng ty h g p danh, Luat D i u tu nen sira db'i theo h u b n g : Nha d i u tu nube ngoai d u p c "mua phan von gbp a i a vign eong ty h g p danh de trb thanh vien ciia cbng ty h g p danh theo quy dinh o i a Lugt va phap luat cb lien quan" Neu sita doi theo hubng thi khbng nhiing dam bao duge su thong nhat gitia Lugt DN hai dieu kign se khbng lam anh h u b n g den eac va Luat Dau t u ma cbn dam bao dupe quy'gn ciia nha yeu to ehu quyin, an ninh, t h u l n p h o n g m y tuc, dao dau t u n u b e ngoai tiong vigc mua p h i n vbn gop cua diic xa hgi oia Viet Nam, bbi vi p h a p lugt Vigt N a m vien h g p danh ttong cbng ty h g p danh ne'u da CO quy dinh hg thong n g a n h ngh'e kinh doanh eb d u g c su dong y o i a tat ca eac vien h p p danh dieu kign ap dung cho nha