NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI Kinh te - aua^JZ DANH GIA VE CIT CHE GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP TH CUA WTO DUdi Gdc DO NUdC DANG PHAT TRIEN NCS TIiS Nguyin Thi Thu Hdng % NCS ThS Cao Anh Thinh'"' Tom t5t: Nen kinh te the gidi khdng ngirng phat trien, tao rat nhieu "cupc chien thuang mai" giija cac qudc gia n h ^ muc dich gianh loi nhuan kinh te Khi cac quan he kinh te qudc te cang dugc md rpng, thi cac cupc chien cang khoe liet han, cac tranh chap cang trd nen phirc tap han Dieu dd doi hoi moi quoc gia, moi chu the kinh te phai c6 du hieu biet ve ca che giai quyet tranh chap thuang mai theo quy dinh cua WTO de bao ve Igi ich hgp phap cua minh Tir khoa: Tranh chap thuang mai, giai quyet tranh chap, lgi ich, ca che kinh te Abstract: Nowadays, the development of (he world economy creates many "trade wars" among countries When the world economy grows, the more intemational economic relations are expanded, the more "(rade war" becomes fiercer This mo(iva(es countries, to have sufficient understanding of the (rade dispute settlement, mechanism in accordance with WTO to protect their legitimate interests Key words: Trade dispute, dispu(e resolution, interests, economic mechanism De dam bao viec thuc hien day du, nghiem tuc cac quy dinh, ngan chan cac vi pham, gdp phan thuc hien cac muc tieu to ldn cua WTO, doi hoi co che giai quyet cac tranh chap khuon kho to chuc phai duac thiet lap Co che la su hien thuc hoa xu the, phap ly hoa qua trinh gtai quyet tranh chap thuang mai quoc te nay, dan dan thay the cac phuang thirc giai quyet tranh chap mang tinh chinh tri, ngoai giao Co che giai quyet tranh chap WTO la su ke thira cac quy dinh ve giai quy^t tranh chap ciia Hiep dinh chung ve Thue quan va Thuong mai (GATT 1947) Rut kinh nghiem tir nhiing bat cap ca chi cu, mpt so cai tien can ban ve thu tuc da dugc dua vao ca che mdi, gdp ph4n khong nho viec nang cao tinh chat xet xir cua thu tuc cung nhu tang cudng tinh rang bupc ciia cac quyet dinh giai quyet tranh chap Muc tieu can ban cua ca che giai quyet tranh chap WTO la "dgt dugc mgt gidi phdp tich cue cho tranh chdp ", uu tien nhijng "gidi phdp dugc cdc ben tranh chdp cimg chdp thudn vd phu hgp v&i cdc Hiep dinh hen quan " Xet d muc dp rpng hon, co che nham cung cap cac thil tuc da phuang giai quy6t tranh chap thay the cho cac hanh dpng dan phuang ciia cac quoc gia vien von ton tai nhieu nguy ca bat cdng, gay tri tre va xao tron su van hanh chung cua cac qui tac thuang mai qu6c te Mot so khai niem Hen quan Tranh chdp (huang mgi (TCTM) la cac tranh chap dien giiia cac thuong nhan, chu the tham gia kinh doanh Cu the, dd la nhimg tranh chap phat sinh qua trinh ^ Giang vien Tnrdng Dai hoc Npi vu; *^* Can bo nghien ciru Trucmg Dai hpc Npi vu Tap chi s Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe So 4/3019 Kinn te - v u o n ly N G H l i N CUU TRAO OOI cac thuang nhan thuc hi$n cac ho^t ddng DSB chinh la Dai hoi dong WTO, bao thuang mai nham muc dich lgi nhuan gom dai dien cua tat ca cac quoc gia Gidi quyet (ranh chdp thuang mgi, vien DSB cd quyen lap Ban hpi theo nghia chung nhat, dugc hieu la each tham, thong qua cac bao cao ciia Ban hdi thirc, phuang phap hay cac hoat dpng de tham va ciia Co quan phuc tham, giam sat dieu chinh cac bat dong, cac xung dot viec thl hanh cac quyet dinh, khuyen nghi nham khac phuc va loai trir cac tranh chap giai quyet tranh chap, cho phep dinh chi da phat sinh, nham bao ve quyen va Igi thuc hien cac nghia vu va nhugng bo (tra ich hgp phap ciia cac thuang nhan va cac diia) Tuy nhien, DSB chi la co quan thong chu the kinh doanh khac, bao ve trat tu ky qua quyet dinh, chir khong true hep thuc cuong ciia xahpi hien viec xem xet giai quyet tranh chap Ca che gidi quyet tranh chdp thuang Cac quyet dinh cua DSB dugc thong mgi ta mpt he thong giai quyet tranh chap qua theo nguyen tac ddng thuan phu quyet CO trinh tu, thii tuc rat chat che va cd vai Day la mpt nguyen tac theo mot quyet tro quan trong viec giai quyet cac dinh chi khdng dupc thong qua tat ca tranh chap phat sinh thuang mai vien DSB bo phieu khong thong qua quoc te Nhd ca che nay, cac vien nghia la cac quyet dinh cua DSB hau nhu WTO duac dam bao rang cac quyen cua dugc thdng qua mot each tu dong Nguyen minh theo Hiep dinh WTO se dugc thuc tac khac phuc dugc nhugc diem co hien va cac tranh chap (neu c6) se dugc ban ciia ca che giai quyet tranh chap giai quyet tren co sd phap luat quoc te GATT 1947 noi ap dung nguyen tac ddng Doi vdl nhiing tranh chap, Idii eg quan thuan truyen thdng - moi quyet djnh chi giai quyet tranh chap cua WTO da dua dugc thong qua tat ca cac vien phan quyet, thi vien thua kien c6 bo phieu thdng qua (moi vien deu co nghia vu huge phai thi hanh Neu khong quyen phu quyet quyet dinh) - mpt rao can thuc thi phan quyet, vien thua kien viec thdng qua cac quyet dmh cua co CO the hi trimg phat thuang mai quan giai quyet tranh chap - Ban hgi thdm (Panel) Bienphdp tuve (BPTV) la viec tam thdi Ban Hoi tham bao gom 3-5 han che nhap khau ddi vdi mdt hoac mdt so loai hang hoa viec nhap khau chimg vien, CO nhiem vu xem xet mgt van de tang nhanh gay hoac de doa gay thiet tranh chap cu the tren co sd cac quy dinh hai nghiem trpng cho nganh san xuat WTO duoc quoc gia Nguyen dan vien nudc BPTV chi dugc ap dung ddi vdi hang dan Ban hoi tham co chuc nang xem xet hoa, khong ap dung ddi vdi dich vu, dau van de tranh chap dya tren cac quy dinh tu hay sd hiru tri tue Moi nudc vien cac Hiep djnh cua WTO ma Ben WTO deu CO quyen ap dung BPTV, nhung nguyen dan vien dan lam can cir cho dan ap dung thi hg phai bao dam tuan theo kien de giiip DSB dua khuyen nghi, cac quy djnh ciia WTO (ve dieu kien, thu quyet nghi thich hap cho cac ben tranh ch4p Ket qua cdng viec cua Ban hpi tham tyc, each thirc ap dung, bien phap tu ve) Cac noi dung giai quyet la mpt bao cao trinh DSB thdng qua, giup DSB dua cac khuyen nghi doi vdi cac tranh chap thu'ong mai cua WTO a) Cdc ca quan gidi quyet tranh chdp Ben tranh chap Tren thuc te, day la eg quan true tiep giai quyet tranh chap, mac thucmg mgi cua WTO an gidi quyet tranh chdp (DSB) dii khong nam quyen quyet dmh Tap chi Kinh doanh vd Cdng nghe So 04/2019 49 NGHIEN CUU TRAO f>6l Cac vien Ban hpi tham dugc lua chpn so cac quan chirc chinh phli hoac cac chuyen gia phi chinh phu khdng cd quoc tich cua mot Ben tranh chap hoac cua mot nudc cimg la vien mot Lien minh thue quan hoac Thi trudng chung vdi mot cac nudc tranh chap (vi du- Lien minh Chau Au) Ban hoat dong ddc lap, khdng chiu sy giam sat ciia bat ky quoc gia nao - Ca quan Phuc (hdm (AB) Co quan Phiic tham la mpt thiet che mdi ca che giai quyet tranh chap cua WTO, cho phep bao cao ciia Ban hpi tham duac xem xet lai c6 yeu cau, dam bao tinh dimg dan cua bao cao giai quyet tranh chap Sy ddi cua ca quan ciing cho thay ro han tinh chat xet xir cua thu tuc giai quyet tranh chap mdi Ca quan Phitc tham gom vien DSB bo nhiem vdi nhiem ky nam Cac vien Co quan Phuc tham dugc lya chon so nhiing nhan vat co uy tin va CO chuyen mon duac cong nhan lmh vyc luat phap, thuang mai quoc te va nhirng van de thupc pham vi dieu chinh ciia cac hiep dinh lien quan Tuy nhien, viec xet xu phuc tham tirng vu viec chi vien AB thyc hien mpt each dpc lap Khi giai quyet van de tranh chap, AB chi xem xet lai cac khia canh phap ly va giai thich phap luat Bao cao cua Ban hpi tham chii khdng dieu tra lai cac yeu to thyc tien ciia tranh chap Ket qua lam viec cua AB la mot bao cao Co quan cd the giir nguyen, sua doi hoac dao ngugc lai cac ket luan bao cao cua Ban hpi tham Bao cao ciia Ca quan Phiic tham dugc thong qua tai DSB va khong the bi phan doi hay khieu nai tiep [6] b) Quy trinh thii tuc gidi quyit (ranh chdp - Giai dogn 1: Giai dogn (ham vdn Thudng keo dai 60 ke tir xay Kinh te - ^vonly tranh chap thi Ben co khieu nai phai dua rayeu ciu tham van Ben (Dieu 4-Th6a thuan ve giai quyet tranh chap (DSU)) Viec tham van dugc ti^n hanh mot each kin dao, bi mat, khong gay thiet hai cho cac quyen tiep theo cua cac Ben Ben tham van phai tra ldi thai han la 10 va phai tien hanh tham van vong 30 ke tir nhan dugc yeu cau (trudng hgp khan cap - vi du hang hda co lien quan, co nguy co bi hu hong, cac thai han lan lan lugt la 10 va 20 ngay) Ben tham van co nghia vu "ddm bdo viec xem xet mgt cdch cdm thong vd tgo ca hgi thod ddng" cho Ben yeu cau tham van Thil tuc tham vSn dugc tien hanh giiia cac Ben vdi nhau, DSB duac thong bao ve thil tuc va co trach nhiem thong bao cho cac qudc gia vien ve yeu cau tham van nhung ca quan khong true tiep tham gia vao thu tuc tham van Cac quoc gia kliac co the xin tham gia vao viec tham van neu Ben bi tham van thira nhan rang cac quoc gia cd "quyen lgi thuang mgi thuc chdt" viec tham van Thong thudng cac quoc gia deu CO gang giai quyet cac bat dong d giai doan tham van nham han che den muc toi da cac thiet hai ve lgi ich cho tat ca cac ben ddng thdi dam bao tinh bi mat cua cac thdng tin hen quan den tranh chap - Giai dogn 2: DSB thdnh lap Ban hoi thdm vd cdc hogt dgng hen quan Thu tuc hoat dpng ciia Ban hoi tham duac quy djnh tai Dieu 12 DSU Yeu c4u lap Ban hpi tham phai dugc lap van ban sau Ben duoc tham van tir choi tham van hoac tham van khong dat ket qua vong 60 ke tir c6 yeu cJiu tham van (DiSu DSU) Tuy nhien, yeu cau lap Ban hoi tham co th^ dua trudc thdi han neu cac ben tranh ch4p deu thong nhat rang cac thu tuc tham vdn, hoa giai khong dan den ket qua gi Van ban Tap chi ! Kmh doonh vd Cong nghe " So 04/2019 ! 50 Kinn te - iixtan ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO o l yeu cau lap Ban hoi tham phai neu ro qua trinh tham van, xac djnh chinh xac bien phap thuang mai bi khieu kien va torn t^t cac can cir phap ly cho khieu kien, Trong giai doan nay, co quan giai quyet tranh chap tien hanh giai quyet cac cdng viec lien quan cd the lap nhom chuyen gia Nhom chuyen gia lamot nhom c6 3-5 vien va c6 nhiem vu giiip dd co quan giai quyit tranh chap dua nhiing quyet dinh hoac kien nghi Cac nhan xet cua nhdm chuyen gia dua tren cac Hiep dinh dugc vien dan va bao cao cuoi ciing cua nhdm chuyen gia ve nguyen tac se dugc thdng bao tdi cac ben hen quan den tranh chap thdi gian thang, Trong trudng hgp khan cap thi se giam xuong thang Ban hpi tham, sau tham khao y kien cua cac Ben lien quan se an dinh mdt thdi gian bieu cu the cho phien xet xu dau tien (cac Ben trinh bay cac van ban giai trinh tinh tiet vu viec va cac lap luan Hen quan), phien xet xir thii hai (dai dien va luat su ciia cac Ben lan lugt trinh bay y kien va tra ldi cac cau hoi cua Ban hoi tham - oral hearings) Sau phien xet xir thu hai, Ban hpi tham soan thao va chuyen den cac ben phan tom tat ndi dung tranh chap ciia bao cao de hp cha y kien mot thdi han nhat dinh Tren ca sd cac y kien Ban hpi tham dua Bao cao tam thdi (md ta vu viec, cac lap luan, ket luan cua Ban hdi tham) Sau do, cac Ben cho y kien ve Bao cao nay, Neu co yeu cau Ban hoi tham c6 the to chiic them mpt phien hpp bo sung de xem xet lai tong the cac van de hen quan Sau do, Ban hdi tham soan thao Bao cao chinh thuc de giii den tat ca cac vien WTO va chuyen cho DSB thong qua chap quyet djnh khang cao hoac DSB dong thuan phu quyet Bao cao (cac Ben tranh chap va cac vien WTO khac cd quyen dua y phan ddi co kem theo ly bang van ban ddi vdi Bao cao ciia Ban hpi tham cham nhat la 10 trudc DSB hpp de thong qua Bao cao) Tong thdi gian thong qua Bao cao thudng toi da la 90 (neu khong co khang cao) hoac 12 thang vdi khang cao phuc tham ke tir lap Ban Hdi tham tdi thong qua Bao cao - Giai dogn 3: Cdc hogt dgng cudi ciing Giai doan bao gdm cac budc thyc thi, bdi thucmg; tra dua (keo dai 90 ngay) Thuc thi: Ben thua phai thong bao y dinh ve viec thi hanh khuyen nghi tai buoi hpp cua DSB trieu tap vdng 30 ke tir thong qua Bao caa Neu khong thuc hien dugc ngay, Ben dd co the duac gia han thyc hien mot khoang thdi gian hgp ly (thdi han DSB quyet dinh tren ca sd de nghi cua cac Ben, hoac cac Ben tranh chap thda thuan thdi han 45 ke tir thong qua khuyen nghj, hoac theo phan quyet trgng tai tien hanh vong 90 ke tir thdng qua khuyen nghi) Trong trudng hgp khong ty nguyen thuc thi thi cac Ben dam phan boi thudng chd thuc thi mpt each day du Cu the, neu Ben thua kien tam thdi khong the thyc hien dugc khuyen nghi cua Co quan Giai quyet Tranh chap, cac Ben tranh chap co the thoa thuan ve khoan boi thudng Viec boi thudng phai dugc thyc hien tren nguyen tac tu nguyen va phii hcrp vdi Hiep dinh co hen quan Neu khdng thoa thuan duac ve boi Bao cao cua Ban Hpi tham dugc thudng vong 30 ke tir chuyen cho tat ca cac vien WTO "khodng thdi gian hgp ly" het hieu luc va dugc DSB thong qua thdi han DSB se cho phep Ben tra dua 60 ke tir Bao cao dugc chuyen chd thyc thi day dii Ben thang kien cho cac vien trir mot Ben tranh cd the yeu cau Co quan giai quyet tranh Tap chi I Kinh doanh vd Cong nghe So 04/2019 5] NGHigN CUU TRAO DOI Kinh te - « o d n j y chap cho phep ap dung cac Bien phap tra thi co the yeu cau su tam hoan cua DSB v% cac quyen nhugng bp ciia mmh dua sang sang hoac tra diia cheo Boi thu&ng vd trd dUa (Compensation thi luc cd sy tham gia cua trpng tai^ and Retaliation): La cac bien phap giai Trpng tai cd nghTa vu thuc hien vai tro ^ quyet tam thdi dugc sir dung nhSm dam cua minh, cu the la: - Trong khuon kho ca che giaj quyet bao lgi ich cua Ben thang kien thdi gian Ben thua kien khdng the thyc hien tranh chap DSU Trong tai co the dugc dugc khuyen nghi ciia Ca quan Giai quyet sir dung cac thu tuc sau: (i) Xac dinh thdi Tranh chap (DSB) (giai doan han thyc Men khuyin nghi trudng chd dai Ben thua kien thuc hien khuyen hgp Ben thua khong the thuc hien nghi) Cac bien phap khong lam cham khuyen nghi; (ii) Xac dinh mirc dp tra dua dirt nghTa vu thyc hien khuyen nghi cua trudng hgp Ben thua cd kien nghi ve van de Ben vi pham Trudng hgp tranh cai ve mirc tra Cu the, neu Ben thua kien tam thdi khdng the thyc hien duoc khuyen nghi cua diia, tai khdng danh gia ve ban chat Ca quan Giai quyet Tranh chap, cac Ben bien phap fra dua ma chi xem xet mirc tranh chap c6 the thoa thuan ve khoan boi Ben thSng kien dinh chi cac nhan nhugng/ thudng Viec boi thudng phai dupc thuc nghia vu co tuang duong vdi mirc thiet hien tren nguyen tac tu nguyen va phii hai ma Ben thing kien da phai chiu khdng hpp vdi hiep dinh c6 lien quan Neu cac - Ngodi khuon khd ca che gidi quyet Ben khdng dat duoc thoa thuan ve viec boi tranh chdp DSU: Cac Ben tranh chap thucmg vong 20 ke tir het CO the thoa thuan lua chpn ca che trpng han thyc hien khuyen nghi, Ben thang kien tai dpc lap de giai quyet tranh chap ma CO the yeu cau Ca quan Giai quyet Tranh khdng can sir dung den co che cua DSU chap cho phep ap dung cac bien phap tra Quyet dinh lua chpn giai quyet tranh chap diia song song hoac tra dua cheo bang trpng tai ddc lap phai dugc cac Ben Trd dUa song song la viec Ben thang tranh chap thong bao den tat ca cac kien khong phai thyc hien cac nhan vien WTO trudc thii tuc to tung duac nhuong thue quan ddi vdi hang hoa cua bat dau Cac vien WTO chi co the Ben thua kien ciing lmh vyc ma tham gia thii tuc td tung neu dugc cite Ben tranh chap dongy Ben thang kien bi thiet hai Trd diia cheo la hinh thirc tra dua Quyet dinh giai quyet ciia trpng tai n h ^ vao ITnh vyc khac ITnh vyc bi thiet phai dugc cac Ben tuan thii nghiem tuc hai trudng hgp viec tra dua song Cac Ben co nghia vu thong bao ve quyet song khdng the thyc hien dupc (co the tra dmh cho cac vien WTO, cho dua cheo ITnh vuc - khac ITnh vuc nhung Hgi ddng hoac cho Uy ban ciia Hiep dinh cimg pham vi dieu chinh ciia mpt CO lien quan Quyet dinh cua hiep djnh; hoac tra diia cheo hiep dinh - tai phai phu hop vdi cac hiep dinh cd lien tra dua mpt ITnh vuc thupc pham vi quan va khdng dugc gay thiet hai cho bat dieu chinh cita mdt hiep dinh khac neu ky vien nao khac cua WTO viec tra diia song song va tra diia cheo Danh gia chung ve co- che giai ITnh vyc deu khdng the thuc hien dugc) quyet tranh chap WTO Trgng tdi: Neu mdt Ben tranh chap Co che giai quyet tranh chap khdng ddng y ve viec boi thudng cua Ben WTO nhu da trinh bay d tren c6 mdt so Tap chi ! Kinh doonh vd Cong nghe '' So 04/2019 ' 52 Kinh te - Qudn ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO D6I uu diem Idn sa vdi cac phuang thiic giai hoac kem phat trien tao dieu kien thuan lgi quyet tranh chap Luat qudc te va co cho cac nudc tham gia thu tuc giai nhieu diem tien bd han tuang quan quyet tranh chap bao ve quyen Igi chinh vdl thu tuc giai quyet tranh chap dang va hgp phap cua minh GATT, tien than cua WTO Tuy nhien, qua qua trinh ap dung tir Thie nhdt, uu diem ldn nhat la viec nam 1995 den nay, ca che giai quyet tranh giai quyet duoc tien hanh mot each than chap WTO cung da hoc 16 mot so va kin dao dugc thong qua cac budc nhugc diem nhat dinh, dac biet ddi vdi bdi cac ca quan trung lap (Ban hdi tham, cac nudc dang phat trien vi ca che da Ca quan phiic tham), Vi vay, viec dam bao dugc ap dung rat nhieu nen nhijng diem giai quyet mdt each chinh xac va can ke yeu da dugc bdc 16 r5 d cac diem sau cac tranh chap la dieu hien nhien Day la Thii-nhdt, phuang thirc dong thuan lan dau tien mpt ca che tai phan giai phii quyet (hay dong thuan tieu cue) ddng quyetfranhchap qudc te xuat hien mdt Ca nghTa vdi viec hau nhu cac baa cao (cua quan Phiic tham vdi cac co hdi xem xet Ban hpi tham hoac cua Ca quan Phuc lai quyet dinh ban dau, nham soat mdt tham) deu dugc thong qua tai DSB DiSu each chinh xac va dam baa quyen Igi chinh dan den tinh trang cac bao cao khuyen dang ciia cac ben tham gia tranh chap nghi duac th6ng qua de dang hon nhieu Thie hai, ca che dugc tien hanh nhung kha nang thuc thi thi lai giam siit theo mpt quy trinh chat che vdi cac thdi Thu hai, ve nguyen tac, neu ben vi han xac dinh va cu the tirng giai pham khong ty nguyen thuc hien cac doan Dieu cho phep cac tranh chap khuyen nghi cua DSB thi ben cd the duoc giai quyet nhanh chdng, kip thdi, yeu cau DSB cho phep thyc hien cac bien dam bao y nghTa cua cac bien phap giai phap tra dua Tuy nhien, bien phap tra dua quyet dua ddi vdi cac ben, dac biet la cd the khdng c6 y nghTa hoac it cd hieu ben thang cupc (bdi mot ca hpi thuang qua neu nudc tra diia la nudc dang phat mai CO the khdng y nghTa neu bien trien, Vi hp sd hiru mpt tiem luc ve kinh te phap giai quyet dua qua muon mang) rat manh nen viec tra diia hau nhu khong Thii- ba, co che thong qua ty dgng gay anh hudng gi nhieu gi den each cu xii (dong thuan phii quyet) ciia DSB cho cua cac nudc phat trien ddi vdi Ben phep cac bao cao dugc thong qua de dang tham gia tranh chap Day la mdt bat Co che that sy cd y nghTa cac lgi ldn cho cac nudc dang phat tnen trudng hgp ben bi xem la cd bien phap vi Thie ba, nhieu quy dinh dugc xem la pham quy dinh la nudc c6 tiem lyc kinh "ifu tien" cho cac nudc dang phat trien te manh bdi ap luc ma cac nudc c6 ca che giai quyet tranh chap cua the tao qua trinh thdng qua quyet WTO nhung tren thuc te dieu cd y dinh se khong cdn ldn nhu trudc day Han nghTa rat md nhat: c6 quy dinh chi mang nua, ca che cho phep dua giai phap tinh tuyen bo han la quy dinh thuc thi cuoi ciing cho tranh chap, bao dam quyen (vi du quy dmh ve nghTa vu ciia cac Ben Igi ciia Ben bi vi pham, tranh nhiing be tac tranh chap "ddc biet luuy" den quyen lgi khong the vuot qua nhiing phuang cua cac nudc dang phat trien: noi ham ciia thuc giai quyet ngoai giao khai niem "dgc biet luu y" khong dugc Thd-tu, DSU cd nhieu quy djnh ve thu quy dinh ro cCng khong dugc xac dinh ro tuc danh rieng cho cac nudc dang phat tnen cac bao cao ciia cac ban hdi tham Tap chi \ Kinh doonh vd Cong nghe \ So 04/2019 \ 53 NGHIEN CUU TRAO D | Kinh te - Q u £ ^ hay ciia ca quan phiic tham); cd quy dinh tren thuc te rat it hieu qua (vi du trach nhiem trg giup phap ly ciia Ban Thu ky WTO tren thyc te mgt s6 it ca nhan thuc hien, kh6ng the dap img dii nhu cau to Idn ve trg giiip phap ly ciia cac nudc dang phat trien la vien WTO) Thu (u, ca che giai quyet tranh chap WTO cd xu hudng thien ve cac yeu td ky thuat, phap ly ddi hoi cac ben tham gia phai cd mdt dpi ngii chuyen gia kinh te, phap ly giau kmh nghiem D6i vdi cac nudc dang phat trien, day thuc su la mdt thach thuc khdng nho Kinh nghiem cho thay cac nudc dang phat trien tham gia td tung giai quyet tranh chap thuang mai khudn kho WTO deu phai thue cac luat su, chuyen gia tu van phap iy va chuyen mon ciia nudc ngoai vdi nhiing mirc chi phi ma khong phai nudc nhao cung chap nhan dugc Han niia, vdi tu each la Nguyen dan, cac nudc dang phat tnen ludn cd tam ly e de "neu di kien cao cac nudc phat trien thi se khong the doi choi dugc the lyc kinh te ciia hg" keo theo la su giai quyet tranh chap van mang tinh nhugng bp nhieu hem Lgi dung nhirng nhugc diem tren ma van CO trudng hgp cac vien co tinh ap dyng cac bien phap tu ve kh6ng hop phap de thyc hien nhiing muc dich rieng ciia minh, dac biet la cac nudc phat frien Tuy nhien cho din cac nhuoc diem van ton tai va lgi dung nhiing ton tai ma cac nudc phat frien gay rat nhieu kho khan cho vien khac frong WTO ^a nudc phat frien vdi tu tudng " ca ldn nudt ca be" Mac dii vay, viec sii dung ca che giai quyit franh chap WTO Men van la each thirc co hieu qua nhat de cac quoc gia vien giai quyet tranh chap thuang mai khuon kho to chirc nay, dam bao cac quyen lgi phap iy va kinh te cita minh Khi da gia nhap WTO, Viet Nam cung phai dua vao ca che de bao ve cac quyen lgi chinh dang cua minh Vi vay, viec nghien ciru thii tuc giai quyet tranh chap WTO va cac an le ciia td chirc la dieu can thiet doi vdi chiing ta Ket luan Thuc te cho thay, viec kinh doanh thucmg mai d nudc ngoai hay viec ddi dien vdi canh tranh thuang mai cita doi thu qu6c te tren thi trudng nudc Cling doi hoi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai hieu ro ve ca che giai quyet tranh chap thuang mai de bao ve Igi ich ciia minh Ngoai viec hieu ro ve quy trinh, thu tuc, thi viec danh gia nhirng lgi ich ma cac qudc gia dang phat trien hay Viet Nam CO duoc nhu the nao de van dyng hieu qua hem cung rat can thiet Tai lieu tham khao Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Chii nhiem de tai (2011) Tim hiiu tranh chdp lien quan Hiep dinh tu ve ciia WTO vd bdi hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam San pham du thi Tai nang khoa hpc tre Duong Kim The Nguyen (2008) Gido trinh Ludt thuang mgi NXB Dai hoc can Tho http //chongbanphagia.vn - he thdng ngan gpn ve WTO va cac cam ket gia nhap cua Viet Nam http://chongbanphagia.vn - cac ca quan giai quyet tranh chip http://www.wta.org Ngay nhan bai: 20/6/2019 Tap chi I CA Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe ... cac tranh chap thu'ong mai cua WTO a) Cdc ca quan gidi quyet tranh chdp Ben tranh chap Tren thuc te, day la eg quan true tiep giai quyet tranh chap, mac thucmg mgi cua WTO an gidi quyet tranh. .. cua WTO viec tra diia song song va tra diia cheo Danh gia chung ve co- che giai ITnh vyc deu khdng the thuc hien dugc) quyet tranh chap WTO Trgng tdi: Neu mdt Ben tranh chap Co che giai quyet tranh. .. ky WTO tren thyc te mgt s6 it ca nhan thuc hien, kh6ng the dap img dii nhu cau to Idn ve trg giiip phap ly ciia cac nudc dang phat trien la vien WTO) Thu (u, ca che giai quyet tranh chap WTO