NGHliN Ciru TRAO BOI QUYEN TU CHU CUA CO Sfli GIAO DUC DAI HOC PGS.TS Trdn Thi Cue * ThS Nguyin Bich Hue ** Tdm tat: Luat sua d6i, b6 sung mgt s6 diiu ciia Luat Giao due dai hgc dugc Qu6c hgi thdng qua vao 19/11/2018, tai ky hgp thii 6, Qudc hdi khda XIV va chinh thiic cd hieu luc tii 01/07/2019 Vin di ty chii ciia cac ca sd giao due dai hgc hay hr chu dai hgc - ehinh thiic dugc luat hda Ngi dung bai viit nhim gidi thieu ve quyen tu ehu ciia cac co sd giao due dai hgc Luat ndi tren cua Viet Nam Tir khoa: Tu chu dai hgc, diiu ki$n thuc hien, ea chi thyc hien hj chu, ttach nhiem giai trinh, nang cao chat lugng dao tao va hgi nhap qudc te Abstract: The Law amending and supplementing a number ofarticles of the Higher Education Law passed by the National Assembly on November 19, 2018, at the 6th session of the XIV National Assembly and officially takes effect from 01/07/2019 The autonomy of higher education institutions is officially legalized The article introduces the autonomy of higher education institutions Keywords: University autonomy, conditions for implementation, mechanisms for implementing autonomy, accountability, improving the quality of training and international integration \ Quan niem ve tir chii dai hgc Hien nay, tren the gidi cd nhieu each hiiu ve ty chu dai hgc (tu chu cua cac ca sd giao due dai hgc), tiiy theo nhan thiic va each thirc thyc hien ciia m6i qu6c gia Thang 11/1997, Dai hgi ding UNESCO Ban khuyen nghj ve vi the cua giang vien dai hgc da dua quan niem nhu sau: "Ty chu la miic ty quan ciia co sd giao dye dai hgc can co de dua cac quyet dinh huu hieu ve c6ng tae chuyen m6n, dua cac chuan myc, nhiem vu quan ly va cac hoat dgng lien quan, ciing vdi vdi cac van de can giai trinh, dac biet la giai trinh ve ngan sach, ve thu, chi, ve sy ton trgng quyen ty hgc thuat va quyen ngudi" Ban khuyen nghi ciing noi: "Tuy nhien, ban chat ve quyen ty ehii cua ea sd giao dye dai hgc co the thay ddi tiiy thugc loai hinh cua co sd dao tao" Nhieu nha nghien euu cho rang ty chii dai hgc la quyen ciia nha tru'dng ty dieu hanh hoat ddng ciia minh ma khdng bi can thiep tir ben ngoai Ben ngoai d day dugc hieu la ben ngoai nha trudng, vi du nhu su can thiep ciia cac ca quan nha nudc, tir thi trudng, tir xa hgi, Dieu khoan 11 Luat sua ddi, bo sung mgt so dieu ciia Luat Giao due dai hgc nam 2018 dua khai niem ty chii cua cac co sd giao due dai hge nhu sau: "Quyen ty ehii la quyen ciia ca sd giao due dai hgc dugc ty xac dinh myc tieu va Iya chgn each thiic thyc hien muc tieu; ty quyet dinh va cd trach nhiem giai trinh vh hoat ddng ehuyen mon, hgc thuat, t6 chiic " Pho Chii nhiem khoa Luat kinh ti, Tm'dng DH KD&CN HN "* Giang vien khoa Luat Kinh te, Trudng DH K " " ' " ' ^ ' ' " ' Tap chi [ Kmh doanh vd Cdnp nah& 72 van noa ~ A U iiyi NGHigN CUU TRAO DOI nhan sy, tai chinh, tai san va hoat ddng khac tren eg sd quy djnh ciia phap luat va nang lyc ciia ca sd giao dye dai hgc" Pham vi cua quyen tir chii dai hoc Pham vi cac quyen ty chii ciia eac ca sd giao due dai hgc duge quy dinh Dieu 32, khoan cua Luat Giao due dai hgc nam 2018, bao gdm ba linh vyc ca ban: Thir nhdt, quyin tu chu hgc tiiuat, boat ddng chuyen mdn, bao gom ban hanh, td ehiic thyc hien tieu chuan, chinh sach ve chat lugng dao tao, md nganh, tuyen sinh, dao tao, hoat ddng khoa hgc va cong nghe, hgp tac nudc va quoc te phii hgp vdi quy dinh ciia phap luat Ty chii hgc thuat la nha trudng CO quyen chii ddng lua chgn cac mon hgc, quyet dinh s6 tin chi ciia moi mon hgc nham tao sy khac biet chuang trinh dao tao eiia trudng minh vdi tnrdng khac Ty chii hgc thuat khuyen khich sinh vien ty chgn nghe phil hgp vdi nang lyc cua minh, khuyen khich sinh vien va giang vien ty chii tim kiem, kham pha tri thiic ciia nhan loai, tang cudng trao doi y tudng vdi cac dong nghiep va ngoai nude nham thyc hien mye tieu dao tao ciia nha trudng Trudng dai hgc co sii menh sang tao tri thiic, bdi vay viec khai day sy sang tao ciia timg giang vien nha trudng th6ng qua viee nghien ciiu khoa hgc, viet giao trinh, hgi thao, thyc hien cac chuang trinh trao doi giang vien vdi cac trudng dai hgc va ngoai nudc la viec lam can thiet ty chii hge thuat dinh nhan sy quan hi, quan ly ca sd giao due dai hgc phii hgp vdi quy dinh ciia phap luat Quyen ty chu ti chiic va nhan sy ddi hoi ca sd giao due dai hgc phai ban hanh quy ehe ngi bd vi tuyin dung giang vien, tieu chuin giang vien, luang bac giang vien va tieu chuan timg chiic danh tren ca sd tdn cac quy dinh phap luat lao ddng va eac quy dinh phap luat khac Quyen ty chii ciia cac trudng dai hgc quan ly ddi ngii the hien d sy ty tuyen chgn, b6 tri giang vien va can bd vao cac vi tri lao dgng can thiet Cac co sd dai hgc cd quyen tu chu viec xac dinh cac dieu kien cho can bd, dac la biet giang vien, lam viec thuan lgi Cac giang vien cd quyen tham gia cac cdng viec khac va ngoai nha trudng de tao them thu nhap Nha nude co quyen quy dinh miic luang tdi thieu cho ngudi lao ddng tren pham vi qudc gia Nha trudng co the sii dyng che tra luang theo ket qua cong viec nham khuyen khich nhiing ngudi lam viec vdi ket qua cong viec cao Quyen tu chii quan ly dgi ngii can bd, giang vien la dieu kien de nha trudng dai hgc thyc hien co hieu qua chiic nang va nhiem vy viia minh Sy phat triin ciia mgt ca sd giao dye dai hgc the hien qua hai diem: xay dyng co sd vat chat du manh va phat trien dgi ngii Trong nin kinh te tri thiic, co sd vat chat th6i chua du lam nen uy tm cua mgt t6 chiic, nhit la dii vdi mgt trudng dai hgc Ben eanh dd phai co mdt dgi ngii manh, dii ve sd lugng, khde vi chat lugng Co nhu vay, Thie hai, quyen ty chii td chirc va nha trudng mdi ty chii dugc Chu truang nhan sy, bao g6m ban hanh va td chiic thuc cua cac h^dng Uong xay dyng dgi ngii hien quy dinh ndi bg ve ca cau td chiic, co giang vien cin phai: tan dung tdi da trinh cau lao ddng, danh myc, tieu chuan, che chuyen mdn ciia nhiing giang vien cd trinh cua timg vi tri viec lam; tuyen dung, sir cao, cd hgc ham hgc vi dang cong tac tai dung va cho thdi viec d6i vdi giang vien, cac trudng; dong thdi tuyen dung va phat vien ehiic va ngudi lao dgng khac, quyet trien dgi ngii giang vien ca hiiu tre Tap chi Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe So 06/2020 73 NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI Thu ba, quyin ty chu tai chinh va tai san bao gdm ban hanh va td chiic thuc hien quy dinh ndi bd vi ngudn thu, quan ly va su dyng nguin tai chinh, tai san; thu hiit ngu6n von dau tu phat trien; chinh sach hgc phi, hge bdng cho sinh vien va chinh sach khac phii hgp vdi quy dinh phap luat Dieu quan trgng nhat ty chii tai chinh la ty chu ve ngudn thu va tu chii ve nguon ehi Ngudn thu tii' hgc phi, tir hoat ddng khoa hgc, cong nghe, tir hoat dgng san xuat - kinh doanh, tii' ket qua hgp tac vdi doanh nghiep, tir tai trg, Ty chii ve tai chinh, ca sd giao due dai hgc cd quyen dua miic hgc phi tiiy thugc vao chat lugng dao tao va phy thugc vao chien lugc canh tranh tirng thdi ky Ve dau tu, mua sam, ca sd giao due dai hgc dugc chii dgng hoan toan viec mua sam, neu khdng su dung ngu6n v6n tir ngan sach nha nudc, co nghTa la tu chii viec phe duyet danh muc, ke hoach su dung kinh phi, dy toan thiet bi d6i vdi cac gdi mua sam tir ngudn thu hgp phap nham tang tinh ty ehu va day nhanh tien thuc hien cac dy an Dieu kien co' che thuc hien quyen tu' chu dai hoc a) Diiu kien thuc hien quyen tir chu dgihgc Cac dieu kien thyc hien quyen ty chii ciia cac ca sd giao due dai hgc dugc quy djnh tai Dieu 32 khoan cua Luat Giao due dai hgc nam 2018, gom co: Thu nhdt, da lap hgi dong trudng, hgi ddng dai hgc; da dugc cdng nhan dat chuan chat lugng ca sd giao dye dai hgc bdi td chii'c kiem dinh chat lugng giao due hgp phap Thu- hai, da ban hanh va t6 chiic thyc hien quy che to chiic va boat ddng; quy che tai chinh; cac quy che, quy Irinh, quy dinh quan ly ngi bg khac va co chinh sach bao dam chit lugng dap ung neu chuan Nha nudc quy dinh Thu ba, thyc hien phan quyen ty chii va trach nhiem giai trinh den tu'ng dan vi, ea nhan ca sd giao due dai hgc Thir tu, cdng kliai diiu kien bao dam chit lugng, kit qua kiim dinh, ty le sinh vien tdt nghiep cd viec lam va cac thdng tin khac theo quy dinh cua phap luat b) Ca chi thuc hien quyen tu chii dgihgc Co chi dugc hieu la each thiic thyc hien cua mgt tap hgp cac yiu td phu thudc lin nhim thyc hien quyin ty chii Khi thyc hien ca chi quyen ty chii can xem xet ddng bg cae yeu t6, gdm yeu to ben ngoai va yeu to ben Yiu to ben ngoai g6m: Nha nudc, thj trudng, xa hdi nudc va yeu ti quic te Q day can phan dinh ro vai tro, ehiic nang ciia Nha nudc thyc hien eo che ty chii dai hgc Dieu 12 khoan ciia Luat Giao due dai hgc nam 2018 quy dinh: Nha nudc cd chinh sach ddng bg de bao dam quyen tu chii cua ca sd giao due dai hgc gan lien vdi trach nhiem giai trinh Dieu 68 ciia Luat Giao due dai hgc nam 2018 ciing quy dmh: Nha nudc ban hanh va td chiic thuc hien van ban quy pham phap luat ve giao dye dai hgc; chien lugc, quy hoach, chinh sach phat trien giao due dai hgc de dao tao nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao, dap iing yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, bao dam quoc phong, an ninh eiia dat nude; viec cong nhan, lap, cho phep lap, giai the, cho phep giai thi ea sd giao due dai hgc theo tham quyin; quy dinh chuin giao due dai hge, bao gdm ehuin CO sd giao due dai hgc, chuin chuang trinh dao tao, chuan giang \ len, can bg quan ly va cac chuan khac Nha nudc tien hanh tra, kiem ir I quyet Kinh doanh vd Ca: 74 N G H l i N CUU TRAO DOI van noa - AO noi khiiu nai, td cao va xu ly vi pham phap luat ve giao dye dai hgc Nhu vay, vai trd cua Nha nudc la ban hanh cac van ban quy pham phap luat, t6 chiic thi hanh cac van ban quy pham phap luat va kiem tra, xii ly cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat lien quan den ty chii dai hgc Tuy nhien, Nha nudc van dugc coi la yeu to "ngoai dien", cdn Nha trudng la yen to "ndi dien" - yeu td trung tam cua qua trinh ty chii Quan ly nha nudc ve giao due dai hgc nen thuc hien d cac ngi dung CO tam vT md, cd tinh ehien lugc, d cac khau chi dao, huy dgng, dieu phdi va giam sat, cac khau quan ly va t6 chiic thyc hien nen giao cho cac ca sd giao due dai hgc chu dgng Yeu td ben nha trudng la yeu t6 quyet dinh sy cdng cua qua trinh ty chii Moi trudng can xay dung de an cu the de thuc hien quyen ty chu ba linh vuc CO ban: hgc thuat, td chiic - nhan sy va tai chinh Trong de an can hoach dinh ro m6i quan he giira cac chu the nha trudng, nhu hgi d6ng trudng, ban giam hieu, dang iiy, cac dan vi dau moi, giang vien va sinh vien Quyen ty chii gan vdi trach nhiem giai trinh ciia cac ca sd giao due dai hgc Theo do, can giai trinh ve myc tieu dao tao, each thiic thyc hien mue tieu, giai trinh ve chuyen mdn, ve hgc thuat, ve tai chinh, Hang nam, can cii vao ket qua kiem dinh de danh gia miic tu chii cita ea sd giao due dai hgc Luat sua ddi, b6 sung mgt so dieu eiia Luat Giao due dai hgc nam 2018 la ca sd phap ly de cac trudng dai hgc thyc hien quyen ty chii, ty chiu trach nhiem ve chat lugng dao tao trudc phap luat va trudc xa hdi Ty chu dai hgc la mdt qua trinh phat trien, can cd dieu kien, thdi gian de chuyen d6i tir nhan thiic, y thiic va van hoa chat lugng he th6ng giao due dai hgc va toan xa hgi den hoan thien phap luat, hoan thien ca che quan ly, quan tri Giao dye dai hgc la lmh vyc cung cap dich vy theo thi trudng, phai tuan thii theo quy luat cua thi trudng, tuc la CO su dao thai, giai tan, pha san Chiing ta phai chap nhan cugc choi theo ca che thi trudng de tir se cd nhirng trudng dai hgc ldn len, nhung eiing co the co trudng phai giai tan./ Tai li§u tham khao Quic hgi (2018) Luat sua dii, bd sung mgt si diiu ciia Luat Giao due dai hgc Ha Ngi, 2019 Quic hgi (2018) Bdo cdo gidi trinh tiip thu, chinh ly Du thdo Ludt sua doi, bo sung mgt s6 diiu cua Ludt Gido due dgi hgc Tai lieu ky hgp 6, Qu6c hdi khoa XIV Bg GD&DT (2012) Bdo cdo tuvdn vi dam bdo chat luang gido due dgi hoc Dy an giao due dai hgc Dai hgc Quic gia Ha Ngi (2013) Quy dinh vi ddnh gid chdt luang gido due Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi, Quyit dinh si 1023 /QD-DBCL, 05/4/2013 vv'ww.hocthenao.vn Ngay nhan bai: 08/07/2019 Tap chi Kinh doanh vd Cdng nghe So 06/2020 75