Hoàn thiện cơ chế bảo đảm thực hiện quyền trẻ em tại việt nam

TAP CH[ PHATTRigN N H A N L U C - SO 4(63)2019 63 HOAN THIEN CO CHE BAO DAM THl/C HIEN QUYEN TRE EM TAI VIET NAM THS.TRAN HOANG HANH:,php?option-com_content&view=article&id-36'cong-c-quc-t-v-cac-quyn-tr-emifecati d=6:b-! ut-nhan-quyn-quc'«lteraid=20, truy cap 10/5/2019, ™ "Luat Tre em 2016"; tir website, httpsV/luatvietnam vn/ lao-dong/luat-tre-em-2016-104818-dl.html#noidung, truy cap 20/5/2019 '" "Tuyen b6 ciia Lien Hop quoc ve Quyen tre em 1959"; tir website; https;//thuvienphapluat vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/ 64 THS.TRAN H O A N G HANH, THS PHAM TRI C O d N G j ^ H U A i v i ^ ^ ^ Quyen tre em dupe djnli nghia "Id tdt cd kliuyet tat, xuat than gia Jiiili va iihttng moi nhimg gi tre em cdn co de dugc song ud ldn tupng quail kliac Cac qudc gia vien pha len mot each Idnh manh vd an todn Quyen thi hiinh tat ca cac bien phap tliich hop de dam ti'i em nhdm ddm bdo cho tre em khong chi bao cho tte em duqc bao ve tranii klioi tat ca Id ngudi tiep nhdn thu dong long nhdn tu cua cac hinh thiic phan biet ddi xil hoac trimg phat nguoi Ion, md cdc em la nhdng thdnh vien tham 2.2 Lai ich totnhdtdanh cho tre em (Dieu 3, gia tich cue vdo qud trinh phdt trien Bao gom9,18,20 va 21 - CRC): Trong tat ca nhiing lianh quyin dugc bdo ve vd chdm soc ddc biet md mgi dong ben quan den tre em thi Igi ich tdt nhat cua tre em phai la mdi quan tam hang dau dii ngudi, moi gia dinh ddnh cho tie em'V^ Td khai ni6m ve "quyen tre em" cd the thay cho cac CO quan phuc Igi xa hgi cdng cong quyen Ue em khdng cdn la van de chung chung, hay tu nhan, toii an, cac nha chitc trach hanh mang tinh chat mo ho, hay ddng lai d pham tru chinh hay co quan lap phap tien hanh 2.3 Sir song vd phdt trien cua tre em dao ddc, xa hdi ma da dupe luat hda Khai niem niiy cung dong thdi hac bo, lam thay doi hoan (Dieu - CRC): Cac qudc gia Men cdng toan quan diem coi tre em la "tai san" la ddi nhan riing mgi tre em deu cd quyen cd hiiu tupng phu thupc tat ca vao dang smli dianli, cha dugc sdng vk bao diim den mile tdi da cd the me cd quyen myet ddi vdi ciii, dac biet d dp dugc su sdng va phat trien ciia tie em tudi dupe xem la tre em, ma ngupc lai tre em la 2.4 Ton trongy ki^n, quan diim cita tre em mpt chu the cd day du cac quyen va Ipi ich phai hay goi Id quyen dUOc ldng nghe (Dieu dupe tdn trpng va cd co che bao ve, bao dam 12 - CRC): tre em phai dugc dac biet tao eg hgi thue hien; eae niidm ddi tupng cd lien quan den ndi len y kien ciia minh bat ky qua trinh quyen tre em (ke ca cha me) phai cd nghTa vu td tung tu phap hoac hanh chinli nao cd anh thuc hien nghiem tdc cac quy dinh phap luat, hudng den tre em, hoac true tiep hay thdng qua chd khdng thuan tdy ddng lai d tinh thirong, mot ngitdi dai dien hay mdt co quan tliich hgp, trach nliiem hay Idng nhan dao thdng thudng.''"' theo each thdc phii hgp vdi nhiing quy dinh Nhulig quy dinh chung ve Quy^n tre em mang tinh thii tuc ciia luat phap qudc gia Cac Cdng ude ve quyen tre em (CRC) da ghi nhan qudc gia diimh vien phai dam bao cho tre era va quy dinh cae ndi dung co ban ve quyen tre cd du kha nang hinh quan diem rieng em tap trung vao eae npi dung chinh bao gom: minh dugc quyen tu phat bieu nhiing quan 2.1 Khongphdn biet ddi xd {Bieu - CRC): diem dd ve tat ca mgi viin de cd anh hudng den bat ke tre em, cha me hay ngudi giam hd phap tie em va nhimg quan diem ciia tre em phai ly eua tre em dd diudc chung tdc, mau da, gidi dugc coi trgng mot each tliich iing vdi tudi va tinh, ngdn ngu, tdn giao, chinh kien gi kliac, trudng ciia tre em nguon gdc qudc gia, dan tdc hay xa hdi, tai san, 2.5 Quyen co ho ten vd qudc tick (Dieu Tuyen-bo-cua-Lien-Hop-quoc-ve-quyen-tre-em-1959-234848 aspx, Iruy cap 20/5/2019 en giao due la mdt nhiing nhdm hon \ii hao quat hon la nliam hudng den viec: (a) Phdt trien toi da nhdn cdeh, tdi ndng, cdc quyen dupe lai tien ddng hang dau thudc nhdm quyen dan su - chinli tri cua cdng daii.l khd nang vi tri mi ud thi chdt ciiati-eem; (b) Phdt trien suton trgng quyen ngudi vd Ddi vdi ddi tupng tre em, Dieu 28, 29 - CRC xac dinh quyen dupe hpc tap va quyen dupe cham cdc quyentifdo co bdn, tonti-gngnhttngnguyin sde y te la nhung quyen eo ban nhat va quan tdc dugc ghiti-ongHien chuong Liin Hgp qudc; (c) Phdt trim su tonti-gngddi udi cha me cim trpng nhat ddi vdi tre em, la quyen ma tre em duong iilii6n phai dupe thu hudng va moi qudc ti-e em, tdnti-gngbdn sde vdn hod, ngon ngtt vd gia phai cd trach nhiem va nghia vu bao dam cdc gidti-icua bdn thdnti-eem, tontivngnhiing cho mpi tre em "dupe hpe hanh tren co sd cd gid tri qudc gia ciia ddt nude md ti-e em dang CO hpi binh dang" thuc thi cu the mot loat cac sdng vd cua ddt nudc Id nguyen qudn cuati-eem, bien phap nhSm dam bao tre em cd the ed co ton trgngnhung nen udn mmh khdc voi nen vdn hdi dupe hpc tap tdt nhat va sudt ddi bao gom: minh ciia bdn thdn tre em do; (a) Thi hdnh gido duetieuhgc bdt huge, sdn (d) Chudn bi choti-eem song mot cuoc song CO trdeh nhiem mgtxd hgi tu do, theo tinh CO vd miin phi cho tdt cd mgi nguai; (b) Khuyen khich phdt trien cdc hinh thdc thdn hieu biet, hod binh, khoan dung binh ddng gido due trung hoc khdc nhau, ke cd gido due nam nu vd huu nghi giua tdt cd cdc ddn tgc, cdc thong vd day nghi, ldm cho nhdng hinh nhom chiing tdc, ddn tgc, ton gido vd nhttng nguoi bdn dia; thdc gido due ndy co sdn vd den dugc vdi moi tre em, thi hdnh cdc biin phdp thich hgp nhu thuc (e) Phdt triin stt ton trgng ddi vdi moitiudng, hien gido due khong mdt tiin vd tdi trg tu nhiin trudng hgp cdn thiet; Sde khde ire em - yeu td quyet dinli chat (c) Dua gido due dai hgc den dugc uai tdt cdlupng ngudn nhan luc tuong lai cua mot mgi ngudi tren co sd khd ndng cua hg bdng moiqudc gia cung la mpt nhirng npi dung phuong tien thich hgp; dupe Cdng ude chu trpng dam bao thuc hien, (d) Cdc hudng ddn vd thong tin ue gido due tai Dieu 24 - CRC cd quy dinh trach nhiem cua vd day nghi sdn eo vd den duoc uai tdt ed tre em; tat ca cac qudc gia \aen phai "cong nhan (e) Tien hdnh cdc biin phdp khuyen khich uiicquyen ciia tre em dugc huong mttc cao nhdt co di hgc diu dan dti'Udngvd gidm ty le bo hge.'^ ^'thi dat dugc ue sttc khoe, cdc phuong tien chda Dac biet Dieu 28 - CRC cdn nhan manh binh ud cdc phuc hoi sttc khoe; phdi c6 gdng viee phai tri ky luat tai nha trudng song k)' ddm bdo rdng khong co tre em ndo bi tudc doat luat dd phiii dupe "thuc hiin phii hgp udi nhdn quyen duoc hudng nhung dich vu chdm soc siic phdm ciia tre em", nghiem cam viee xdc pham khoe." Cu die va chi tifi't hon, CRC dat muc danh du tre em ap dung ky luat Mue tieu tieu ddi vdi mdi qudc gia vien vi^c cua giao due khdng chi nham den diem sd, thd cham sde sde khde tre em kliong chi ddng lai hang hay ket qua hpe tap ma eao hon, nhan van viec tuyen truyen, hd hao chung chung hay chii, trpng den bao cao dch tap i,ung d mot so ty le ma tren binh dien chung c^n phai dat dupc ^ 20/5/2019 "" Cong u6c quoc te ve cac quyen dan su cliinh ir| (Internaket qua cac linh wc: ' tional Covenant on Civil and PoljticaJ Rights - ICCPR) 1966, "'I Khoan 2, Dieu 28 - CRC (a) Gidm ty le tu vong a tre em vd tri em sO THS.TRAN H O A N G HANH, THS PHAM TRI CUCJNG - H O A N T H I S N CO C H l sinh; (fcj Bdo ddm ddnh sugiup ddy tevd chdm soc s^c khoe cdn thiet cho tdt cd tre em, chu trgng phdt trien cdng tdc chdm soc sttc khoe ban ddu; (c) Chong benh tdt vd suy dinh dudng (d) Bam bdo chdm soc sde khoe thich hgp cho ngudi me trudc vd sau sinh de; (e) Bam bdo rdng tdt cd cdc tdng lap xd hgi, ddcbietnhidig ngudi ldm cha me vd tre em dugc thdngtin,dugc tiep thu gido due vd dugc hd trg viec sit dung kien thtte ca bdn ui sttc khoe vd dinh duong cua tre em, nhttng uu diem cita ui^c nuoi bdng sua me, ue sinh, ui sinh moi trudng vd phong ngtta tai bien; (f) Phdt trien cong tdc phong benh, hudng ddn cha me, gido due vd cdc dich vu ke hoach hoa gia dinh Ngoai ra, CRC cung quy dinh them mpt sd quyen can thidt gan lien vdi tre em nhu: quyen duoc nghi ngoi, vui ehoi, sinh hoat vdn hda (Di^u 31), quyen dupe phue hoi va tai hda nhap xa hpi cho nhung nan nhan tre e m (Dieu 39); Dieu yeu cau cac qudc gia vien phai "thi hdnh tdt cd cdc bien phdp lap phdp, hdnh phdp vd cdc bien phdp thich hgp khdc de thuc hien nhttng quyen dugc thua nhdn Cong ude"; Dieu 18 xac dinh trach nhiem cua eha m e "Id nguoi gjdm hg hgp phdp, co trach nhiim ddu tien viec nuoi dudng vd su phdt trien cua tre em Nhttng Igi ich tdt nhdt ciia tre em phdi Id dieu quan tdm co bdn cua hg." Trong trudng hop cha me khdng lam tron trach nhiem va nghia vu eua minh, Cdng ude edng quy dinh Idia nang cho phep chu dpng each ly tre em ™ i cha me mpt so hoan canh dac biet "irong trudng hgp ddc biit nhuti-eem bi cha me k'n dung hay xao nhdng hodc cha me song cach ly vd cdn phdi co mot quyet dinh ui noi cu 69 tru ciia tre em."^^'^^ Nhu vay, qua xem xet, liet ke va phan tieh cae quyen tre em quy dinh tai CRC ed the thay Cdng ude da dat nen tang co ban cho viee the che hda, phap dien hda cho cac qudc gia viec xdy dung eae vSn ban quy pham phap ludt ve tre em ndi chung va quyen tre em eu the Nhung quy dinh ehung nhat se la cO sd cho viec luat hda cac nhdm quy^n tre em cua mdi qudc gia can cd vao dnh hinh cu the va dac thu cua tdng qudc gia Day la nhdng quyto eo ban, dupe thda nhan, cac qudc gia, cpng dong, CO quan, td chdc phai cd trach nhiem tdn trpng, thiet lap co che bao dam thuc hien va khdng the bi bae bd bdi bat ky Tre em phai dupe quyen sdng, hpc tap, cham sde y te, vui choi nghi ngoi, khdng hi lam dung, hoc lot, danh dap, ngupc dai hay budn ban, bat cdc; quyen dupe ton tai va phat trien mdi trudng hda bmh, dn dinh, khdng bi phan biet ddi xd, dupe lang nghe va tdn trpng Nhdng npi dung cot yeu khdng chi ddng lai d dang van kien ghi nhan, dupe phe ehuan sau dd dimg lai d mdc dp keu gpi, tuyen truyen, hd hao nham tae ddng, ma trai lai nha nude nao da tham gia hoac cdng nhan c i n cd ddng thai manh me va ddt klioat Uong viee tao lap nen mpt hanh lang phap ly, giao phd tham quyen va trach nhiem cho tdng nhdm ehu the xae dinh cung nhu quy dinh h6 thdng cac che tai nham xd ly nghiem khae va triet de bat ky cd hanh vl \ i pham hoac xam hai den cac quy^n dii dd cd the la eha me hay ngudi than, ngudi nudi duong true tiep Cd nhu vay mdi dam bao su phat tridn hai hda, ben vdng ca ve the chat va tri tue cua the he tuong lai sau cho mdi qudc gia Tuy nhien, can nhin nhan bdi canh ddi cua CRC la thdi diem cudi thap nien 80 dau thap nien 90, cho nen Lien Hpp qudc ""Dieu 9-CRC THS.TRAN HOANG HANH,THS PHAM TRI C a O N G j ^ H y A i l i i ! ! £ i i ^ ^ ^ ^ \ a cae qudc gia khdng nen ditng lai \iec ehi vi tre em Nghiem cdm xdm hai hdnh ha, ngugc tri nhung dieu khoan da dupe thdng qua ddi, bo mdc, lam dung hoc lot sttc lao ddng vd trude day ma can cd su ke thda, tiep tuc phat nhttng hdnh vi khdc ui pham quyen tre emj, huy, bd sung, cap nhat eho phu hop vdi dnh Chi thj sd 20-CT/TW 05/11/2012 cua hinh qudc te thdi dai hien nay, nhat la Bp Chinh tri ve tang cudng cong tdc chdm soc icy nguyen dang dupe thda hudng gido due vd bdo ui tie emti-ongtinh hinh mdi; tuu cua Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 Quyen Chuong trinh hanli dpng qudc gia vi tie em giai tre em giai doan mdi can dupe dep doan 2012-2020 Thu tudng Chinh phu phe tuc ghi nhan va phat trien them, dieu chinh, bd duyet; Chuong tiinh qudc gia bao ve tre em giai sung cho phu hop chd khdng chi dung lai d giai doan 2011-2015; Ke hoach tnen khai thuc hien doan ban dau Vi du, viec tudc bd quyen dirpc Khuyen nghi cda Uy ban ve quyen tre em eua sdng edn dang la thai nhi d tre em gdi dang Lien hpp qudc; Chinh saeh hd trp phSu thuat cd chieu hudng gia tang d mOt sd qudc gia ed tim cho tie em bj benli tim bam sinh; Chuong truyen thdng "trpng nam khinh nd" nhu Trung uinh phdng, chdng tai nan thuong tich tie em Qudc, An Dp , Viec can thiep y hpe de lira chpn giai doan 2013-2015; Ke hoach hanh dpng qudc gidi tinh thai nhi eung la mdt hang chdng rd net nhat eua viec vi pham dieu khoan "khdng phan gia vi tre em bi anh hudng bdi HIV/AIDS giai biet ddi xd" giua cac tre em Tmh trang au dam, doan 2014-2020 Dac biet la viee nghien cdu, xam hai dnh due, budn ban tre em co su diam xay dung va ban hanh Luat Tre em 2016 thay gia cua edng nghe thdng dn, mang Internet va the Luat Bao ve, cham soc va giao due tie em mang xa hpi mdt phd bien, gay nhieu khd nam 2004 va cac chuong trinh lien quan den tie khan viec phat hien, xd ly so vdi trudc day em giai doan 2016-2020 cung la mpt thach thdc khdng nhd ma nhieu Cung vdi cdng tae hoan thien he thdng cae qudc gia dang phai ddi mat quy djnh phap luat Dang va Nha nudc ta cung Thu'c thi Quyen tre em tai Viet Nam tap trung ehi dao thuc hifin tdt cac hoat dpng thdi gian qua truyen thdng, giao due va van ddng xa hpi ve Quyen tre em la mpt nhiifng van de bao ve, cham sde va giao due tre em Tren ca dupe Dang va Nha nudc ta het sde quan tam sd dd, tao su chuyen bien tich cue ca ve nhan va chd trpng thuc hien tiong sudt thdi gian vda thdc eua toan xa hdi, cae nganh cac cap Bp Lao qua Viet Nam cung la qudc gia dau den d chau A va la qudc gia thd hai uen the gidi phe ehuan ddng - Tliuong binh va Xa hdi, co quan dupe Cdng ude ve quyen tre em 1989 (cu die la vao Chinh phu giao trach nhiem phu trach true tiep 20/02/1990) Sau tham gia CRC, nudc cdng tae tre em, da phdi hpp vdi eae bd, nganh, ta da nhanh chdng tien hdnh cdng tae soan td chdc trien khai cac chien dich truyen thdng, thao va thdng qua hang loat van ban phap luat phat dpng phong trao de thdc day xa hpi thuc nham the che hda, eu thd hda mot sd ndi dung hien bao ve, cham sde tie em Thang hanh dpng Cdng ude vao thuc ddn xa hdi nhu: Hien phap \'i tre em dupe phat dpng td Trung uong den dja nam 2013 (Khoan Dieu 37 quy dinh "Tre em phuong; Di§n dan tre em cac cap dupe td chdc dugc Nhd nude, gia dinh vd xd hoi bdo ve, chdmhang nam; Dudng day Tu van va hd tro tre em soc vd gido due; dugc tham gia vdo cdc vdn di 18001567 tri hoat ddng 24/7 va tiep nhan T H S T R A N H O A N G HANH, THS PHAM TRf CaONG - H O A N THIEN CO C H I tren 300.000 cudc gpi mdi nani.''^' He thong co quan bao chi tiuyen thdng, phdt thanh, Uuyen hinh cung ddy manh viec san xuat, thuc hien cac ndi dung lien quan den tre em de gdp phan ciing cpng dong chung tay bao v6 va eham soc tre em Tuy nliien, ben canh mdt sd tuu bude dau, can th^ng than nhin nhan edng tae thuc thi quyen tre em tai nudc ta van cdn ton tai nhieu han che, thieu sdt, Id hdng; dd cung la nguyen nhan chinh dan den nhieu vii viec vi pham quyentieem nhu: tinh trang sti dung lao ddng tre em tai nhieu tinh ca nudc mpt tang ma nguyen nhan eliinh xuat phat td hoan canh gia dinh, khd khan ve kinh te khien nhieu em bd hpc, di lam td rat sdm de phu gidp me cha, tudi nho, thieu kinh nghiem nen dupe tta luong thap, dieu kien an d smh boat thieu thon tham chi bi hanh ha, bo ddi, bde lot, ngupc dai Sd lupng cac vu budn ban tre em cang tang khdng clii dUng lai d cap dp eae dia phuong, tinh ea nudc ma da \aiat bien gidi sang Trung Qudc, Campuehia va mpt so qudc gia khac Tre em bi chinh cha me rupt ban di hoac hi du dd, bat cdc, lira dao; sd it may man dupe nhan lam eon nudi cdn da sd lai tiep tuc bi bde lot ve kinh te, sUc lao dpng, hoat dpng mai dam hoac nghiem trpng hon la sd dung cac em la ddi tupng chinh trdng trot, buon ban ma hoac npi tang Trung binh moi nam d Viet Nam cd khoang 900 ngudi da bi mua ban (tiong dd 92% la phu nu va tre em)*'^' Day la mdt nhiing van nan nghiem trpng nhat "" Dao Hong Lan (2015): "Cong tae bao ve, cham soc tre em Vi^t Nam hien Thuc trang va giai phap", Tap chi Cdng sdn; tir website' http://www.tapchicongsan.org vn/Home/Vietnam-tren-duong-doi-moi/2015/34338/Cong-tac-bao-ve-chamsoc-tre-era-o-Viet-Nam-hien.aspx, truy cap 21 /5/2019 ""Van Linh (2018): "92% nan nhan mua ban ngirai la phu nQ va tre em", Bao Phu Nu Viel Nam; tir website: littps:// baonioiconi/92-nan-nhan-mua-ban-nguoi-la-phu-nu-va-treeDi/c/27075I65.epi, truy cap 21/5/2019 Nha nudc ta chua the quan ly va xd phat tridt de Hien tupng xam hai tinh due tre em dupe phat liien va xd ly cang nliieu, gay bde xdc du luan xa hpi tinh chat nghiem trpng cua vu viee va che tai quy djnh chua hpp ly, ddi hdi cP quan nha nudc cd tham quyen xem xet sda ddi, bd sung cac quy dinh phdp luat cho phu hpp *"*' Nhieu gia dinh va dia phuong cdn lo la, chua lam tdt trach nhi^m va nghia vu edng tae bao ve, cham soc va giao due tre em dan den sd lupng tie em vl pham phap luat cang gia tang, la van de nan giai eho ca co quan cdng quyen va toan xa hdi Ca biet hon, su nd cua mang Internet va mang xa hdi, su phat trien cua cdng nghe thdng tin, viec giao due gidi tinh ehua day du, cdn ban che va tranh ne nen dnh trang quan he tinh due Ida tudi vi thanli nien eua ngudi Viet Nam cang phd bien, he qua d^ lai la tinh trang nao pha thai (tudc doat quyen duae sdng cua tre em) cang tang- viec vdt bd tre em tai nhdng noi cdng cdng nhu dudng phd, eo sd tdn giao, benh vien difin mdt nhieu Theo Vu Sde klide Ba me va Tre em (Bp Y te), moi nam nude ta cd klioang 250.000 den 300.000 ca nao pha dial dupe bao cao chinh thdc Trong dd, theo sd lieu cua Hdi Ke hoach hda gia dinh Viet Nam, khoang tu 20% den 30% eae ca pha thai la phu nd chua ke't hdn va tir 60% den 70% la sinh vien, hpc smh, chu yen d dp tudi td 15 den 19 Trong dd, khoang 20% d dp tudi vi nien Con sd eho thay, chung ta dang la nudc ddng thd '"•' Vu an ong Nguyen HiJii Linh, nguySn Vien truong Vien Kiem sat Nhan dan toi cao iai Da Nang xam hai tre em thang may chung cu Galaxy Quan thieu chimg cii trirc tiep truy to nen phai keo dai vu viec den 20 moi quyet dinh khoi to; vu an ong Nguyen Khac Thiiy dam tre em tr chung cu Lakeside Thanh Viang Tau sau rat nhieu vat va dau tranh, truy tim chCmg cii, sau hai phien toa den quyet dmh cuoi ciing cua Uy ban Tham phan Toa an Nhan dan cap cao Thanh Ho Chi Minh m6i co the tuyen phai nam til La nhimg vi du diSn hinh THS.TRAN H O A N G HANH, THS PHAM TRf CJQNGj nam tren the gidi va ddng dau khu vuc Ddng Nam A ve tinh tiang nao pha thai.''"' Tat ca nhung \'an de cho thay, mac du nudc ta ed y thdc phe ehuan, tham gia td rat sdm CRC cung nhu cd rat nhieu cd g^ng viec thuc thi quyen tre em viec luat hda, ban hanh ehu truong, chinh saeh, phan cdng CO quan, td ehtic phu trach song chdng ta van thieu mpt co che dong bp, thong nliat phdi hpp viec dam bao va thuc hien quyen tre em Hanh lang phap ly cdn thieu va yeu, nhieu eo quan tham gia nhung chua tap trnng ve mdt dau mdi chiu tiach nhiem chung, tham quyen chua thdng nhat, dac biet d cap dia phuong Y thdc cdng ddng ve quyen tre em cdn thap, nhieu noi cdn thd 0, ehua quan tam; tu truyen didng theo ldi cu van cdn ehi phdi nhieu vu viee Cach thdc trien khai thuc thi gida cac co quan quan ly nha nude chua ddng bd, noi tich cue, noi lo la dan den cdng tae phdi hpp bao ve ue em ehua hieu qua Benh thanhtichv&n cdn tdn tai, nen dnh trang che giau, khdng bao cao Uiat hoac klidng giai quyet tiiet de cac vi pham ve quyen tre em tai dia phuong van dien Ke't luan Dat nudc ta dang ddng trude co hpi phat trien euatientrinh toan can hda, hdi nhap qudc te ddng thdi cung ddi mat vdi khdng it thach thdc, klid khan den td su phan hda giau ngheo, that ngliiep tang cao, sde ep cua nen kinh te thi trudng ddi vdi xiec lam, thu nhap, dd Uii hda dien vdi tdc dp cao lat ca nhdng ydu td dd deu cd anh hudng khdng nhd den quyen va Ipi ich hpp phap cua mpi ngudi dd cd tre em Cuong llnli xay dung dat nude thdi ky qua dp len Chu nghia xa hpi nam 2011 da '"'NguySn Viet Tien (2019) "Bao dgng nan pha thai nguoi tre", Bao Nhdn ddn ttien tir, tii website: http://nhandan.com vn/y-te/item/39l58402-bao-dong-nan-pha-thai-o-nguoi-tre html, Iniy c?p 22/5/2019 ^N CO C H l khang dinh: "Con ngudi Idti-ungtdm cua chien Ittoc phdtti-ien,ddng thdi Id chii thi phat trien Tonti-ongud bdo ue quyin ngudi, gdn quyen ngttdi udi quyin vd loi ich cua ddn tgc, dat nude vd quyin ldm chii ciia nhdn dan ; chu ti-ong cdi thien diiu kien song lao dgng vd hgc tap cua niin, thieu men, gido due vd bdo viti-eem."''"' Tren cP sd dinli hudng eua Cuong linh, nliam khSng djnh quyet tam cua Dang ya Nha nudc ta uong viec dam bao thuc thi quyen ngudi ndi chung va quyen tre em cu the, can tap trnng vao mdt sd giai phap cu the nhu sau: (1)tieptuc dieu chinh, bo sung, sda ddi va hoan tliien cac quy dinh phap luat ve quyen tre em tren CO sd ke thda va phat huy tinh than CRC, hpc tap kinli nghiem ciia cac qudc gia tien bd tren the gidi; (2) tang cudng che tai xd ly va hinh phat cu the lien quan den c^c hanh vi vi pham quyen tre em; (3) tang cudng hon nua cac hoat dpng truyen thdng, myen tmyen, hudng dan gdp phan nang cao y thdc va bleu biet eua epng ddng ve quyen ue em; (4) bd tri kinh phi va ngudn nhan luc hpp ly d cac bp nganh, eae cap viee quan ly, giai quyet va true tiep tham gia cdng tae cham sde, bao ve tre em; (5) phat buy vai u6 cua Ivlat uan va cac to chdc vien, cac Hdi, doan the viec giam sat va phan bien xa hdi ve quyen tre em; (6) day manh hpp tae qudc te de tao mdi lien ket hieu qua gdp phan ngan chan va phdng chdng hieu qua eae vi pham ve quyen tre em giua cac qudc gia TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Dang Dung - La Khanh Tung Vu Cdng Giao: Gidoti-inhLy ludn vd Phdp ludt ue Quyin ngudi, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc ga Ha "" Dang Cong san Viet Nam, "Cucmg ITnh xay dung ddt nuoc thoi ky qua len Chii nghia xa hgi (b6 sung, phat tnka nam 2011)", tir website: http'//www chinh phu vn/porta!/page/ portaJ/chinhphu/NuocCHXHCNVietNam/ThongTinTongHop/noidungvankiendaihoidang?categoryld= 10000716&articleld= 10038370, truy cap 23/5/2019 THS.TRAN H O A N G HANH,THS PHAM TRi C U O N G - H O A N THIEN CO CHE Npi, Ha Ndi 2009, ttang 533 "Cdng ude ve quyen tre em 1989 (Children Rights Covenant CRC 1989)" (2011); til website: http;//hcre hcmulaw.edu.vn/index.php?option=coni_ contenl&view=article&id=36:cong-c-quc-tv-cac-quyn-tr-em&catid=6:b-lut-nhan-quynquc-t&Itemid=20, truy cap 10/5/2019 'Xuat Tre em 2016"; td website: https:// luatvietnam.vn/lao-dong/luat-tre-em-2016104818-dl.html#noidung, truy cap 20/5/2019 "Tuyen bd cda Lien Hop qudc ve Quyen tie em 1959"; td website https:// thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xahoi/Tuyen-bo-cua-Lien-Hop-quoc-ve-quyentre-em-1959-234848.aspx, truy cap 20/5/2019 "Quyen tre em"; td website: https:// vi.wiklpedia.org/wlki/Quyen_tre_em, sda ddi lan cudi 13h30, 21/4/2019, truy cap 20/5/2019 UNICEF Viet Nam: "Quyen tie em"; tir website: https://www.unicef.org/vietnam/vi/ quyen-tre-em, truy cap 20/5/2019 C6ng ude quoe te ve cac quyen dan su chinh tri (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - ICCPR) 1966 Dao Hdng Lan (2015): "Cong tae bao ve, cham sde tie em d Viet Nam hien nay: Thuc trang va giai phap" Tap chi Cong sdn; td website: http;//vi'ww.tapchieongsan, org vn/Home/Vietnam-tren-duong-doi-mol/2015/34338/Congtac-bao-ve-cham-soc-tre-em-o-Viet-Nam-hien aspx, truy cap 21 /5/2019 v a n Linh (2018): "92% nan nhan mua ban ngudi la phu nu va tre em" Bao Phu Ntt Viet Nam; td website: https://baomoi.com/92nan-nhan-mua-ban-nguoi-la-phu-nu-va-treem/c/27075165.epi, truy cap 21 /5/2019 10 Nguyen Viet Tien (2019): "Bao dpng nan pha thai ngudi tie" Bao Nhdn ddn dien tu; td website; http://nhandan.com.vn/y-te/ item/39158402-bao-dong-nan-pha-thai-onguoi-tre.html, truy cap ng^y 22/5/2019 11 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: "Cuong llnh xay dyng dat nude didi ky qua dp len Chu nghia xa hdi (bd sung, phat trien nam 2011)"; tti website: http://www chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/ehlnhphu/ NuocCHXHCNVietNam/ThongTinTongHop/ ... tre em khuyet tdt thong tin mang tinh chat rieng tu, hinh anh ca Ba nhdm ddi tupng tre em d nan, tre em thieu nhan tre em vdi muc dieh xuyen tae hoac vu sd va ban dia, tre em khuyet tat dupe xem... dd ve tat ca mgi viin de cd anh hudng den bat ke tre em, cha me hay ngudi giam hd phap tie em va nhimg quan diem ciia tre em phai ly eua tre em dd diudc chung tdc, mau da, gidi dugc coi trgng mot... dac biet d dp dugc su sdng va phat trien ciia tie em tudi dupe xem la tre em, ma ngupc lai tre em la 2.4 Ton trongy ki^n, quan diim cita tre em mpt chu the cd day du cac quyen va Ipi ich phai