BANVEDl/ANLUAT GOP Y QUY DjNH VE GIAM DOC TRONG LUAT DOANH NGHIEP NAM 2014 f)ko Th| Thu HSng* n s GV Tnibng Oai hpc Kinh te - Luat, Oai hoc quoc gia TP HCM Thfing tin b&i viet: Tir khda; Gidm doc, quy^n cua Gidm doc cfing ty, Lugt Doanh nghi$p Ljch str bdi viel; NhgnbSi BiSn tgp Duy?t bdi 08/03/2020 18/03/2020 28/03/2020 Article Infomatio n: Keywords; Direc :or; rights director; Law on ] nterprise Article History; Received Edited Approved G of 08 Mar 2020 18 Mar 2020 28 Mar 2020 Tom tat: Giam doc/Tong gidm doc la mpt chiic danh rat quan trpng c6ng ty Bai viet phan rich ve nhiing bat c^p quy djnh ciia Lu§t Doanh nghi?p nam 2014 vg chiic danh Gidm d6c/T6ng gidm doc, dong thcri dua kien nghi hoan thi^n quy dinh ndy Abstract: Director/General director is a crucial position of an enterprise This article provides analysis of the inadequate regulations on the position of director/general director of the Lav/ on Enterprise of 2014 and also provides a number of recommendations for further improvements of the concemed provisions idm d6c hoac Tong giam doc la ngudi quan ly doanh nghifp' Giam doc hoEic Tong gidm doc cong ty la nguoi dieu hanh hoat dpng kmh doanh hang cua cong ty, chiu trdch nhiem trudc Hpi dong vien/Hpi dong quan hi/Chu tich c6ng ty v& vipc thyc hi?n cdc quyen va nghia vy ciia minh Theo quy dinh thi Giam doc/Tong gidm doc cong ty phai mang dung danh "Giam doc/Tong gidm doc" chi co "mpt" Lu^t Singapore ciing quy dinh moi cong ty phai c6 it nhat mpt Gidm doc^ Tuy nhien cdch tiep can chuc danh Giam dfic cong ty cua Singapore khdc Viet Nam Luat Cong ty cua Singapore quy dinh Gidm doc cua mpt cong ty la bat ky nguoi nao thuc hien chiic danh giam doc vai bat ky ten gpi nao va la nguoi ma nhiing quyet dinh hoac chi din ciia nguoi dupc Ban giam doc hoac phan 16n cac vien Ban giam doc ciia cong ty quen hanh dpng theo va thay the gidm doc (tni nhiing y kiln, loi khuyen vl chuyen mon), hoac la ngucri thay thi giam d6c cong ty^ Theo each tilp can thi mpt nguai cong ty cua Singapore co the khong mang danh giam doc cong ty nhung van Khoan 18 Dieu Lugt Doanh nghifp nam 2014 Di^u 145.1 Lugt Cong ty Singapore nam 1967 Lugt Cong ty Singapore naml967, phdn Giai thich tu neii duoc siia d6i theo Luat s6 36 nam 2014 co hifu luc 01/7/2015 Difiu 55 Luat Doanh nghifp nam 2014 S6l0(410)-T5/2020\ U P PHAP BAN VE DU AN LUAT dupc xem Id giam doc cong t\ quyel dinh ciia ngu6i dupc Ban giam doc ho§c da phan cdc vien Ban gidm doc thyc hien theo Theo quy djnh ciia Lu^t Doanh nghi?p ndm 2014 (Lu^t Doanh nghi?p), co cau to chiic cua cac !o?i hinh cong ty Met Nam thi Gidm doc ho|ic Tong gidm doc la chiic danh bdt bupc phdi co Cy the: "Cong ty trach nhi$m hiru h ^ hai vien tro len CO Hpi dong thdnh vien, Chii tjch Hpi dong vien, Gidm doc ho^c Tong gidm ddc"^; "Cong ty trdch nhi^m hiiu h^n mpt vien to chirc lam chii so hiru dupc to chiic qudn Iy va ho^t dpng theo mpt hai mo hinh sau day: a) Chu t)ch cong ty, Giam doc ho$c Tong giam doc vd Kiem soat vien; b) Hpi dong thdnh vien, Gidm doc ho§c Tong gidm doc vd Kiem sodt vien"^ "Cong ty trdch nhi?m hiru h ^ mpt thdnh vien ca nhan Idm chii sa hiiu co Chii tjch cong ty, Gidm doc ho§c T6ng gidm doc"*; "Cong ty CO phan c6 quyin lya chpn to chiic qudn Iy vd ho^t dpng theo mptttonghai mo hinh sau day, trii ttudng hpp phdp luat ve chiing khodn CO quy djnh khdc: a) D^i hpi d6ng co dong, Hpi dong qudn tri Ban kiem soat vd Gidm doc ho§c Tong gidm doc; b) Dai hpi ddng CO dong, Hpi dong quan trj va Gidm doc ho$c Tong giam doc"'; "Hpi dong vien bau mpt vien hpp danh Iam Chu tjch Hpi dong vien, dong thoi kiem Giam doc hoac Tong giam doc cong ty neu Dieu le cong ty khong co quy dinh khac Chu tjch Hpi dong vien, Gidm doc ho^c Tong giam doc co cdc nhiem vy sau day: a) Quan ly va dieu hanh cong viec kinh Dieu 78 Lugt Doanh nghifp ndm 2014 Di^u 85 Lugt Doanh nghifp ndm 2014 Dieu 134 Lugt Doanh nghifp nam 2014 Difu 177 & 179 Lu^t Doanh nghifp nam 2014 Dicu 13 Lugt Doanh n ^ f p nam 2014 CUU / 32 NGHltN LAP PHAP^S410(410)-T5/2020 Vi (U cdch Id ^^^g doanh hdng cua cong ty ^»^ thdnh vien hpp danh; d) D91 d'^'"^" j^i ty quanh? vcri CO quan nhd ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ di^nchocongtyvoitucaJ db^^^^^^p nguyen don cdc w "i?^"' ^JL^'-S thuang m9iho$c cdcttanhchap kna • Tuy nhien tren thyc tl.c6r^ungô>ng ty IĐp chuc danh Tong g-am fc q u ^ ly, benSu^ conc6cdcO^^i'l'^^'l'^Z^, Vi dy, Cong ty c6 phan VINAMILK, ngodi T6ng gidm d6c cong ty co bay &dm die chuyen mon bao gom: Gidm doc Dieu hdnh kinh doanh qu6c te, Gidm doc Di6u hdnh phdt triln vimg nguyen lipu Gi/m aoc Dilu hdnh chuSi cung iing, Gidm doc Dieu hdnh nhan sy - hanh chinh & dot ngogi, Gidm doc Dilu hdnh nghien ciiu va phdt trien, Gidm doc Dieu hanh tdi chinh kiem ke todn iTuang, Giam die Dieu hanh Marketmg kiem dilu hdnh khoi kinh doanh npi dja, Gidm doc Dilu hanh san xuit Mpt cau h6i ma gi6i doanh nhan vd nguai tim hiiu luat quan tam hipn Id Gidm ddc/Tong gidm ddc cd phdi Id nguai dgi dipn theo phdp lugt ciia doanh nghipp khdng? Theo Luat Doanh nghiep nam 2014, ngu6i dai di^n theo phdp ludt cua doanh nghipp Id cd nhan dai dien cho doanh nghipp thyc hipn cac quyen va nghia vu phat sinh tir giao dich ciia doanh nghipp, d^i dipn cho doanh nghiep vai tu each nguyen dan, bi don, ngucri c6 quyen lpi, nghTa vu lien quan truoc Trpng tai, Toa an va cac quyin va nghia vu khac theo quy dinh cua phdp luat' Nhu vay, yeu cau ddu tien ciia nguoi dai di^n theo phdp luat cua doanh nghipp phdi Id cd BAN VE DU AN LUAT nhan, hdn nhien Id c6 nang lyc hanh vi dan sy day du, khong thuOc doi tupng bi cam qudn Iy doanh nghipp Ludt Cong ty ciia Singapore ciing quy dinh tuong ty: "Giam doc cong ty phai Id cd nhan dii 18 tuoi vd ndng lyc hdnh vi dan sy ddy du"'*" Ca nhan ndy se thyc hipn cdc quyen vd nghia vy phdt sinh tir giao dich ctia doanh nghipp Giao djch ciia doanh nghipp dupc hieu bao gom cd giao djch kinh doanh thuang mai vd tmh vyc dan sy, lao dpng ciia doanh nghipp nhu: hpp dong mua bdn hdng hoa, cung img dich vy, hpp dong lao dpng, hpp d6ng thue try sd, nhd xudng, quan hp ve thue vdi CO quan nhd nude Dong thdi, ngudi dgi dipn theo phdp luat dai dipn cho doanfa nghi?p tgi Trpng tdi, Tda an vdi tu cdch la nguyen don, bj don vd ngudi c6 quyin lgi, nghia vy liSn quan Tit nhien trudng hpp Iu$t su, ho^c cd nhan khdc tham dy phien tda, phien trpng tdi theo Oy quyin cua ngudi dgi di^n theo phdp luat ciia doanh nghipp se khong dupc tinh la quy dinh ndy Nghien ciiu todn bO Luat Doanh nghipp ndm 2014 va nhung van ban hudng ddn thi hdnh cung khdng c6 dieu khodn nao chi rdng Gidm d6c/T6ng gidm doc phdi Id ngudi dgi di$n theo phdp luat cita doanh nghipp ho§c phdi dupc ngudi dai dipn theo phap lugt ciia doanh nghipp uy quyen de dieu hanh hogt dpng kinh doanh hang cua cong ty Do dd, theo quan di6m cua tdc gia thi cd the kit lugn rang Giam doc/Tong giam doc cd the vd/hogc khdng bdt buOc phdi la ngudi dgi di$n theo phdp luat cua doanh nghi&p Tuy nhien, Giam doc/Tong gidm doc thyc te thudng dupc hieu Id ngudi cd quyen chi sau Hpi ddng qudn tri/Hpi ddng thdnh vien/Chii tich vipc van hanh cdng ty Do dd, nhieu ngudi xa hpi cho rang Giam doc/Tong gidm ddc "to" nhu vgy nen se la ngudi chiu trach nhi$m gidi quyit nhihig quyen, nghia vu phdt sinh ttong giao dich ciia cdng ty vdi hp Ve mat luat phap, Gidm doc/Tdng gidm doc cdng ty qua that rat quan ttpng Id ngudi dieu hanh hoat dpng kinh doanh hang ngdy ciia cdng ty, nen cd quyen vd nghia vy co ban nhu sau: - Td chiic thyc hipn cdc nghi quyet cua Hpi ddng vien/Hpi ddng quan tri/Chu tich cong ty; - Quyet dinh cdc van de lien quan den hoat dpng kinh doanh hdng ngdy cua cong ty; - Td chiic thyc hipn ke hogch kmh doanh va phuang an dau tu cua cdng ty; - Ban hanh quy che qudn ly npi bp ciia cdng ty, trir trudng hpp Dieu 1? cdng ty cd quy dinh khdc; - Bd nhipm, miin nhipm, bai nhipm cdc chirc danh qudn ly cdng ty, trir cdc chiic danh thupc tham quyen cua Hpi dong thdnh vien; - Ky ket hop ddng nhan danh cdng ty, trir trudng hop thupc tham quyen ciia Chu tich Hpi ddng vien/ Hpi ddng quan tri/ Chii tich cdng ty; - Quyet dinh tien luong va quyen lpi khdc ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng frong cdng ty kl ca ngudi qudn ly thupc tham quyen bd nhiem cua Giam ddc hoac Tdng gidm doc frong cdng ty cd phan; - Kiln nghi phucmg an co cau to chiic cong ty; - Trinh bao cao quyet todn tai chinh hdng nam len Hdi dong vien/Chu tich cong ty; - Kiln nghi phuong an sir dyng Ipi nhuan hoac xu ly Idfrongkinh doanh; '" Dieu 145.2 Lugt Cong ty Smg^rore 1967 S6 10 (410) - T5/202o\ LAP P H A P *" BAN VE DU AN LUAT - Tuyen dyng lao d^ng; - Quyen va nghia vy khac dii(rc quy dinh I*i Dieu If cong ty, hqip d6ng lao dpng ma Giam doc hoic Tong giam ddc ky vdi cong ty theo nghi quyet cua Hpi d6ng vien/Hpi dong quan tri hoac quy^t dinh cua Chu tjch cong ty" Nhu vay bat ky ca nhan nao dupc thue ho^c bo nhipm vio vj tri Giam d6c/T6ng giam doc cong ty cung nghiem nhien co nhirng quyen vi nghia vy k^ tren Ngoai ra, hp co nhimg quySn \ a nghia vy khac theo quy djnh Dieu Ij cong ty ho§c h^p dong lao dpng "quy^n va nghia \u khic" d diy dupc hieu la nhung quy^n vi nghTa vy chua dupc lift ke d phin tren Vi dy nhvi neu hpp dong lao dpng thue ca nhan A lim Giam ddc nhimg l^i quy dinh ring ci nhan A khdng cd quyen dieu hinh hogt dpng kinh doanh hing ngiy ciia cdng ty, khdng dupc tuyen dyng lao dpng, khdng dupc ky ket hpp dong li trii vdi quy dinh Lugt Doanh nghi?p nam 2014 ty tni nhiing hpp dong thudc tham ^">'': Hpi dong thinh vien Hpi dong quan tn _J Chu tich cdng t>- Tuy nhien sd ' - T ^ " ™^ hpp dong thupc tham qu>'-'" '^l '^ nhirng chu thS trcng thirc tien tgi cac cdng ty thudne 'a it, chi bao gom hpp ddng lao dpng-ky vdi Gidm ddcH-ong giim d6c hoSc hpp ddng cd lien quan den ngudi quin ly cdng ty, hpp ddng co gii tri thudng ldn hrni ii''- bao cio chinh gan nhit Nhu x ay, gii sOr, Giam doc/Tong giim d6c ky nhirng hpp ddng gay thif t hgi hogc vi phgm phip lugt dan dSn cdng ty phai vudng vdng lao Iy hiu Tda, thi trich nhipm thupc ve cdng ty Giim doc/Tong giim ddc khdng phai li ngudi ducaig nhien dupc tham gia phien tda hogc khdng phai li ddi tupng bj xuphgt hinh chinh Ngudi cd the duong nhien nhan danh cdng ty tham gia tai Tda chi cd the la ngudi dgi dien theo phap luat cua cdng ty Lugt Doanh nghipp nam 2014 cung quy dinh cdng ty trich nhipm huu hgn, cdng ty cd phan cd the cd nhieu ngudi dgi di$n theo Vipc Gidm doc/Tong gidm doc khong phap luat Nhung trudng hpfp Giim phdi Id ngit&i dqi di?n theo phdp lugt dgt doc/Tdng giim ddc khdng phai la ngudi dai mQt so vdn de sau: dipn theo phap lugt thi tuyet nhien khdng Mot Id Giam ddc/Tdng giam ddc ky phii hau Tda trir trudng hpp dupc uy quyen Vipc dan ddn mpt hien tuong mi dan nhung hpp ddng nham dieu hinh hoat dpng gian van gpi la "ngudi an 6c, ngudi dd vd", kinh doanh hang ngiy cua cdng ty thi cd ma trucmg hpp niy, ngudi dgi di$n phai xin phep ngudi dai dien theo phap luat cua cdng ty khdng neu cdng ty chi cd mdt theo phap luat khong phai la ngudi xic.lap, ngudi dji difn theo phap luat la Chu tich Hpi thyc hien hpp ddng nen se gap nhiSu fehd ddng thinh vien? Bdi Ie, cdng ty li mdt phip khan giii quyet Tam ly chung thi nhan phai thdng qua ca nhan - Ii ngudi dai khdng mudn minh di "hau Tda", kl ci li dien theo phip luit ciia nd dS nhin danh vdi tu cich dgi dien cho cdng ty cdng ty va vi lpi ich ciia cdng ty xac lap, thyc Hai Id, van de trach nhifm ciia Giam hifn giao dich dan sir Theo quy dinh ciia ddc/Tdng giam ddc Viec Luat Doanh Luat Doanh nghiep nam 2014, Giam nghiep quy dinh lift ke nhCmg quydn vi ddc Tdng giam doc ducmg nhien cd quyen nghia vu ciia Giam doc mi khdng cho cdng xie lap thyc hien hpp ddng nhan danh cdng ty nang chpn cho/bd nhirng quyjn va CJC Dieu 64, 81 157 Lu?t Doanh nghi&p nam 2014 O A ' N G H l t N ciru I " ^ I L A P PHAP^S4l0(410)-T»2O2O KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE Ket luan vi khuyen nghj Ttr nhung phan tich v^ ngh^ cong chimg vien va t6 chiic nghe cong chimg vien o mpt s6 nuoc chau Au, c6 thj nil mpt so khuyjn nghj cho Vi^t Nam qua trinh xay dung va hoan thifn cac quy djnh cua phap luat lien quan den hojt dpng cong chiing nhu sau: (1) cac cong chiing vien ciing nhu cac to chitc cong chiing cac nuoc neu tren deu ho^t dpng tren ca so tv h^ch toan chi tieu va t\r dam bao cho hoat dpng ciia minh ma khong sir dyng ngan GOPYQUTDWH sach nha nuoc: (2) vi?c dao t?o cong chf"? vien dupc to chirc chjt che, khoa h("' '^°'?^ chiing vien phai trai qua cac buoc t tao hpc thujt, trai qua ky thi cho '•'-•"/j" trinh t?p sv; (3) cac nuoc diu da l»p cac t6 chiic nghe nghi?p ciia cong chimg vien C4c t6 chirc chiu trach nhi?rn a»i di?n cho cong chiing vien bao v? quyen lpi cho cong chiing vien to chile, chiu trdch nhiem ban hanh Quy tSc nghe nghi?p, boi duong giam s4t host dpng cua cac cong chimg vien • (Tiep theo frang S3) doc nhu mpt chi dan cho nhimg ngudi mdi gia nh^ip thj trudng thi nen quy dinh them Gidm ddc/Tdng giam ddc phdi Id ngudi dai di^n theo phdp lu^t Ngodira,Lu^t Doanh nghi?p ciing chua de C9P den cdc kieu Gidm doc khac tren th\rc td Theo Ludt Cdng ty ciia Anh thi cd the cd Gidm doc niip bdng (shadow director), Gidm ddc thyc td (de facto director), Giam ddc theo luat (de jure director), Gidm ddc dieu hdnh (executive director) vd Gidm ddc du khuyit (altemate director)'* Gidm ddc niip bdng dupc hi§u Id ngudi md nhihig quyet dinh, chi dan ciia ngudi cd hieu ly:c bupc Giam ddc theo ludt ciia cdng ty phai lam theo Giam ddc nup bdng phdi chiu trdch nhiem nhu Giam ddc theo luat'^ Trong thuc tien ciia Viet Nam hi$n nay, kieu Giam ddc niip bdng khd nhieu cdc loai hinh doanh nghiep md chii thuc SI; la ngudi nude ngoai nhung thue ngudi Viet Nam dung lap cdng ty trdch nhi?m hiru han va kiem lam Gidm doc cdng ty Vi vdy, thyc te da timg xdy trudng hpp Gidm ddc dung ten tren Giay chung nhan dang ky doanh nghi?p bd nhi^m chii sd hiru thuc sy ciia doanh nghi?p ldm Tong gidm ddc cdng ty vd trao quyen cho Tdng gidm ddc cdng ty quyet djnh mpi vkn de cdng ty, bdi chii sd hiru chi thich ldm Tdng giam ddc tham gia vdo cdc giao dich vdi ddi tdc ben ngodi Vdn de ddt Id cdng ty xdy tranh chdp hogc phdi chiu trdch nhiem phap 1^ thi Tdng gidm ddc chii sd hiru cdng ty that su chiu trach nhiem gi thi Ludt Doanh nghi?p Vi$t Nam chua tien lupng tdi Tuy nhien, thyc tien dang yeu cau cdc nha lam luat phdi quan tam gidi quydt vdn de ndy de tranh tinh trang Gidm doc thi cir ky, doanh nghi&p thi cu chiu trdch nhiem Tinh hudng nan giai qud thi Giam ddc ldm dan xin nghi viec la xong Hau qua Id ddi tac, khdch hang ciia cone tv chju thi?t h^i vd cd thd gay bat dn xa hpi g '- ACCA Approved (2015), Paper F4 Corporate and Business Law, BPP Learning Media Ltd, tr.234-235 ^ Muc 223 & 250 Luat Congty Anh 2006 {NGHltN CUU LAP / PHAP_/S410(410)-T5/2O2O ... nghifp ndm 2014 Dieu 134 Lugt Doanh nghifp nam 2014 Difu 177 & 179 Lu^t Doanh nghifp nam 2014 Dicu 13 Lugt Doanh n ^ f p nam 2014 CUU / 32 NGHltN LAP PHAP^S410(410)-T5/2020 Vi (U cdch Id ^^^g doanh. .. giao dich dan sir Theo quy dinh ciia ddc/Tdng giam ddc Viec Luat Doanh Luat Doanh nghiep nam 2014, Giam nghiep quy dinh lift ke nhCmg quydn vi ddc Tdng giam doc ducmg nhien cd quyen nghia vu ciia... khdng? Theo Luat Doanh nghiep nam 2014, ngu6i dai di^n theo phdp ludt cua doanh nghipp Id cd nhan dai dien cho doanh nghipp thyc hipn cac quyen va nghia vu phat sinh tir giao dich ciia doanh nghipp,