Quy định của luật người tiêu dùng úc về điều kiện giao dịch chung bất bình đẳng và những gợi mở cho việt nam

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Quy định của luật người tiêu dùng úc về điều kiện giao dịch chung bất bình đẳng và những gợi mở cho việt nam

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861(334)-2020 dfiaAn &uth choi dllu doanh nghipp khdng phai sogn thdo nhiiu lan ede dieu khoanh ndu nhu muon giao k i t hgp dong, tue Id phia khodn gidng nhau, l$p dl Igp Igi, cd t h i si> dgng cho bdn giao k i t hgp ddng vdi bdn sogn thao dieu kj§n nhllu khdeh hdng khdc d i i vdi giao djch eCing giao djeh ehung hoan toan khdng cd khd nang d l ddm logj, qua dd se gidm dugc thdi gian sogn thdo, ddm phdn, thuang lugng sua doi cdc d l l u khoan dd, chi cd phdn, chi phi di Igi giO'a cdc bdn, cdi thl^n ddng k l hl^u the Iga chpn mpt Id chap nhgn hgp dong, hai Id t u choi qua kinh t l eho cdc ben giao k i t hgp dong ky ket hgp dong, khdng ed quyen tg trao ddi hay d l Tuy nhidn, d i i u kipn giao djeh dugc sogn thao xuit sua doi cdc dieu kipn a^ Dieu kipn giao djch trude bdi mgt ben ndn dan tdi vide bdn sogn thdo se chung dugc s u dgng nhieu lan eho nhieu khdeh hdng sogn theo hudng ed Igi eho minh hoge ngudi sO dgng khac quan hp giao djch vdi hinh thue the ehiing, npi dung hdm chda nhOng diiu khoan nham hipn rat da dgng, dd khdng ehi Id nhOng diiu khodn giam thiiu tdi da nil ro eho minh vd le tat nhien, bdn hgp dong ma cdn Id nhu'ng dllu kidn, quy t i c ndy tgo cho minh nhOng Igi the th1 bdn se d tinh thdnh Igp hgp dong, neu phia bdn khdng c h i p t h i b i t Igi han, nhim t i l da hda lgi nhudn ho$c gidm nhdn nhO'ng dieu kipn thi hgp dong khdng dugc nii ro phdp \^ cho minh Han t h i nO-a, bdn sogn thdo Idp Chiing khdng gidi hgn mOt dieu khodn cde dllu kidn giao djch chung Id bdn d$t cdc diiu cg the nao ciia hgp ddng, cd t h i Id todn bg hgp dong khoan sogn san ndn cd d l l u kipn tim hieu kJ/ ITnh vgc hogc cung cd t h i la mpt so dieu khoan diln hlnh, nhu md minh kinh doanh (bao g i m ca nhCrng quy djnh * Dgi hoc Ngogi thucrng Dan chCi & Phdp iu$t I C^udn Qanh ^g Stf1(334)-2O20 phap lugt ed lidn quan) Do vgy vipc Iga chgn dllu vipc thuang lugng v l giao djeh giOa eac bdn; lipu ni$t khoan nao d l dua vdo hgp ddng d i u da duge tinh bdn cd bj ydu c i u c h i p nhdn hay tii' chdi diiu khodn toan kJ Bdn ky ket hgp ddng vdi ben sogn thao dieu ciia hgp ddng theo form mau; lipu mOt bdn cd ea hpi kipn giao djeh chung ludn d vdo t h i bj dpng (chii y i u d l ddm phdn cdc d i i u khoan eua hgp ddng; lipu cdc la ngudi tidu dung) va hgu qua la hp dd gdp ton that dieu khodn ciia hgp ddng cd xem xet tdi diiu ki^n neu rui ro xay Chinh vi vgy phdp ludt eiia mdt sd ridng bidt cCta m$t ben hodc cDa mdt giao djch ridng nude trdn the gidi da cd nhCrng quy djnh nham hgn bipt; ede v i n d l khdc theo quy djnh ciia phdp lugt che nhu'ng dieu kipn giao djch chung b i t binh d i n g (i) VS ph^m vi iip dijng: Cdc quy djnh hgn che dieu hay cdn gpi la nhirng dieu khoan bat binh gii>a cac bdn khoan b i t binh d i n g ACL chi dp dgng thda hgp ddng, bao vp quyin Igi cho ngudi tidu diing mdn ding thdi hai d i i u kipn: D l l u khoan dd nim trudc cdc dieu khoan bat binh dang ede doanh hgp d i n g m l u , vd hgp d i n g mau dd cd sg tham gia nghipp dgt eCia m$t bdn Id ngudi tidu diing hodc cdc doanh Oe Id mgt quoc gia theo hp thong ludt common law nghipp nhd"* nhung Oc da ban hdnh mOt sd van ban phdp lugt thdnh Trudc ddy, quy djnh hgn c h i diiu khodn bit binh van ed quy djnh ve hgp dong m l u Nhdm bdo vp ding chi dp dgng d i i vdi hgp d i n g vdi ngudi tidu quyin Igi ngudi tieu dCing trudc cdc diiu kidn giao dijng K l t£r ngdy 12/11/2016 cdc sCra d i i cOa ACL dich chung khdng cdng bang, Lugt Ngudi tieu dung (ic ed hipu Ige, thi phgm vi dp dgng eua cde quy djnh ndy quy djnh hgn c h i cde dieu khodn b i t binh d i n g dd md rdng bao gom ea cdc hgp dong vdi doanii hgp dong mau nghi$p nhd Vide md rpng phgm vi dp dgng ciia ACL Quy dinh cua Lugt N g u ^ i tieu dung Cic ve dieu khodn bat binh dang dugc cho Id eIn thilt d l bao vp quyin Igi eiia cdc doanh nghipp nhd - Id ede bdn yeu thd giao djch Lugt Ngudi tidu diing eua Dc (Australian Consumer vd lgi ich ciia hg ngdy cdng bj hgn c h i bdi vipc Igm Law - ACL)3 ddnh rieng mpt phan de quy djnh v l cde dgng cdc didu kign giao djch chung cOa cdc doanh diiu khodn b i t binh d i n g hgp dong mau (Phin nghidp Idn^ - 3, Chuang 2) dd cd mdt sd ndi dung quan trpng sau; Theo quy djnh cua ACL, Tda an se can eu vdo mgt Tuy nhidn, mOt s6 logi hgp d i n g sau ddy bi logi tr£p phgm vi dp dgng cua cdc quy djnh v l dilg khoan b i t binh dang hgp dong m l u : Hgp ding vdn tSi nhung dau hipu sau de xdc djnh cde diiu kipn bing dudng blln; Hgp dong lidn quan tdi vipe thdnh giao dich chung hgp ddng: (i) Neu mpt bdn ydu Idp cdng ty (Dieu Ip edng ty), cde thda thudn ve qudn c i u xem xet cde dieu khoan dd Id dllu kipn giao djch ly dau tu vd cdc thda thu$n tuang tg; Hgp ding vdi ehung thi dieu khoan dd dugc suy dodn Id dieu kipn doanh nghipp nhd md dugc d l l u chtnh bdi cdc lu^t giao djch chung tru ben edn lgi chCrng minh diiu khdc cCia Chlnh phD lidn quan ho$c Chlnh phii cdc ngugc Igi (li) De xac djnh mdt hgp ddng cd cdc dieu bangfi kidn giao djch chgng hay khdng, Tda dn sd xem xdt (ii) V l d/^u ki$r} d4 m^t dik kho^n bl coi Id "bk cde y i u to sau: Lipu mpt ben ed chiem hodn toan hogc bJf)h dhng": D i i u khodn bj coi Id b i t binh dang n^u phin Idn quyen Igc ddm phan giao djch; Hdu hgp thda mdn d i n g thdi cdc d i i u kidn sag: dong cd dugc sogn san bdi mpt bdn trudc xdy E9 Ddn chD & Phdp lu$t Mgt li., d i i u khoan dd gdy s g m i t cdn bang Idn 'XuanQanh ?{^ 861(334)-2020 v l quyen v i loi ich cda cic ben hp'p ding ding niu xem xit riing bipt nhung dit hpp Nguyen don cd nghTa vy chung minh su mit cin bing dong, mil quan hp vdi eae dllu khoin khac thi ldn v l quyin v i ip'l ich cOa cic bin^; cd thi su cdng bing dupc tii lip nhd quy dinh Hai li, dieu khoan dd l i khdng can thilt m$t cich mpt (mdt so) dllu khoan khac cQa hp'p dong Do dd, hQip \^ d l bio v i Igil ich hep phip eOa mdt bin cd li?i xem xit, Tda i n thudng dinh gli giua Ipi ich td dllu khoan dd Khi cic dllu kiin giao dich chung thuong mai hp'p phip cda mdt bin vdi nhung thipt hai, hp'p ddng bi xem xit bdi Tda i n thi dllu kiin id bit Ipi mi bin phil chiu niu dllu khoin dd dupc duve suy tic l i khdng cin thilt mdt cich hi^p 1;^ d l ap dgng VI dg, mOt s6 doanh nghiip thudng dua bio v i Ip'i Ieh hp'p phip cda mdt bin ed i^i td dllu kiin dieu khoin cho phip cho dup'c don phuong thay dil giao djch ehung dd Do dd, nghTa vu eua bin dua hp'p dong hoic thu hpp pham vi cam kit mi khdng diiu kiin giao dich ehung l i phai chung minh dllu phii chiu chi til nio Nhdng dllu khoin niy cd thi b| nguyc lai, tdc l i dieu Win id l i cin thilt mpt cich h(?p coi l i bit binh ding Tuy nhiin, cic doanh nghipp si> ly dl bio v i lei Ich hop phip ciia ben soan thio^; dyng nhdng dllu khoin niy d l quin \y rui ro va han Ba la, dieu khoan dd se gay thiit hai (vl mit tii chi chi phi Neu mpt doanh nghiip phii dim phin lai chlnh hoac cic van de khic) ddi vdi mpt bin niu diiu vdi mpi ngudi tiiu dCing cd mdt s6 thay doi v l hoin kiin dd dup'c ip dyngS Nguyen don cd nghTa vg canh din tdi thay doi npi dung hpp ding, dllu niy s i ehdng minh nguy co giy thiit hai ip dgng dllu rit tin kim v i budc doanh nghiip pl^H ting gli kiin giao dich chung dang xem xit phit sinh chi phi giao dich Khi dd, vi$c quin 1$' rCii ro B l xic dinh mpt dllu khoin ed "bit binh ding" hay v i til thiiu ehl phi cd thi dup'c Tda i n col l i nhdng ip'i Ich thuong mai hp'p phip cCia doanh nghiip d l Tda i n khdng, Tda i n phii xem xit tdi tinh minh bach cua dieu khoin v i xem xit dieu khoan dd dit hpp xem xit Tuy nhiin, liiu nhdng Ip'i Ich niy cd cin bing ding nhu mpt the thong nhat Theo khoin Dllu 24 vdi thiit hai mi ngudi tliu dCing phii ch|u hay khdng ACL, dllu kipn giao djch chung dupc col la minh bach thi can dinh gii tdng vy viic cy thl^° hpp ddng thi phil dupc the hipn bang ngin td d l hiiu, dupe trinh bay rd ring v i ludn sin sang d l bit Ngoil cic dieu khoan quy dinh chung ve dllu khoin bit binh ding, ACL cQng dua m$t danh sich cd bin nip b| anh hudng bdi dllu khoan dd cd thi tllp md eie dllu kiin giao dich chung cd thi b| coi l i bit can duve chung Theo hudng dan cda fly ban v l canh binh ding, bao gim: Dllu khoin cho phip mdt bin tranh v i ngudi tliu dCing Oe (Australian Competition (nhung khdng eho phip bin cdn lai) trinh hoic han and Consumer Commission - ACCC), cic dllu khoin ehl viic thi,fo hiin hpp ding; dllu khoin cho phip mdt cd thi b| col l i khdng minh bach thudng l i nhdng diiu bin (nhung khdng cho phep bin cdn lai) chim ddt khoin bi "diu" cic phg luc hoic cic bin In dinh hep ding; dllu khoin phat chi ip dgng cho mpt bin kim vdi ed ehu nhd, cic thuat ngu phip ly khd hiiu vl pham hpp ding hoac cham dut hpp dong; dieu hoic thuit ngd ky thuit phdc tap hoac cic quy dinh khoin cho phip mdt bin (nhung khdng cho phep bin mo hd v i mau thuan lan nhau, Vipc danh gli mpt dllu cdn lai) thay dil dllu khoan cua hpp ddng; diiu khoin khoin ed phil la "bat binh ding" hay khong cOng phii cho phip mdt bin (nhung khdng cho phip bin cdn lai) du?c xem xet dua tren mil quan h i vdi cic dllu gia han hoic khdng gia han hpp ding; dllu khoin cho khoin khic Mdt dllu khoan cd the b| coi l i bit binh phip mOt bin thay dl! mdc gli tri trudc theo hep Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t I (Xman Qanh '^y 861(334)-2020 ding nhung khdng cho bin cdn lai chim dut hpp ACCC yeu elu Tda xem xit va tit ci cic hpp dong; diiu khoan cho phip mpt ben don phuong thay dong mlu mi doanh nghiip dd da ky kit cd chua dllu doi tinh chat cOa hing hda, d|eh vy cung cap hoic khoan niy^3 quyen Ipl ve dat dai dupc chuyen nhupng theo hpp dong; dieu khoan eho phep mpt bin ed quyin don (iv) vi chi tii ddi vdi doanh nghidp dust diiu khoin bk binh ding htfp dong mlu: ACL khing phuong xic dinh lipu hpp dong cd bi vl pham hay dua mdc xu phat dii vdi doanh nghiip trudng khdng hoac dupc quyen dan phuong giii thich hpp hpp niy, nhiin doanh nghiip sd dyng dieu khoin dong; dieu khoan gidi han trich nhipm phip ly ciJa mpt bit binh ding cd thi bi yiu ciu bli thudng cho cic tin bin del vdi cac dpi 1;^, ngudi dai dipn cOa bin dd; dllu thit phit sinh dllu khoan nay'^ khoan cho phep mpt ben chuyen giao hpp ding giy Quy djnh cda Luit Bao vf quyen !?! ngudi bat Ipi cho ben cdn lai mi khdng cin su chip thuin tieu dung nam 2010 ve dieu khoan bat binh dang cua ben lai; diiu khoan gidi han quyin khdi kipn Theo khoin Dllu Luat Bao vp quyin Ipl ngirdi cua mpt bin doi vdi bin cdn ipi; dieu khoan gidi hpn tliu dCing nim 2010, dllu kipn giao dich chung la cic chung cu mi mpt bin cd thi viin din trpng cic nhdng quy dinh, quy tic bin hing, cung dng djch vg thu tgc, quy trinh liin quan tdi hpp dong; dieu khoan to ehdc, c i nhin kinh doanh hing hda, dich vv ip dit nghia vg chung minh len mdt bin hpp cdng bl v i ip dyng ddi vdi ngudi tliu dCing dong cic thCi tyc, quy trinh lien quan tdi hpp Tuong ty nhu Luit Ngudi tliu diing cua Oc, Luil dong; dllu khoan khic bi cam bdi quy dinh phap Bio vp quyin ipi ngudi tliu dung nim 2010 cOa Viit Iuit" Nam lipt ki cg thi cic tn/dng hpp dllu kipn giao djch (iii) vi h$u qui phip ly neu mdt dieu khoin bj coi chung se khong cd hipu luc neu hpp dong giao la "bat binh dang": Trong trudng hop dieu kipn giaokit vol ngudi tiiu dung cd nhi/ng diiu khoan bit binh dich Chung hpp dong mlu la dllu khoin bat binh ding So vdi Luit Ngudi tiiu dCing ciia Oc thi cic dieu ding, do, Tda an li co quan cd tham quyin tuyin khoin bit binh ding Luit Bao vp quyen Ipl bo dieu khoin bj vd hliu Tuy nhien, cic dllu khoin ngudi tliu dCing cCia Viit Nam cd nhllu diem chung, khic cCia hpp ding vin tiep tgc cd hiiu luc, ChCi thi ching hpn nhu cic dllu khoin v l : (1) Lo|i trd trich c6 quyin yiu elu T6a an tuyin diiu kiin giao dieh nhiim cOa t l chCrc, c i nhin kinh doanh hing hda, dicii ehung hp'p dong mau l i dieu khoan bat binh vu doi vdi ngudi tieu dung theo quy dinh cCia phip luit ding bao gom: Mit l i , cic ca nhin k^ kit hpp dong, hpn chi, loai trd quyin khiiu nai, khdi kiin cCia nguM do, niu Tda an tuyin dieu khoin bi yeu cau la bat tiiu diing; (11) Cho phep to chuc, c i nhin kinh doanh binh ding thi dllu khoan dd hpp dong dang xem hang hoa, dich vy don phuong thay doi dieu kipn cOa xet se vd hipu Hai la, eie eo quan cd thim quyen thyc hop dong da thda thuin trudc vdi ngudi tieu diing thi ACL (gdm: Oy ban v l canh tranh vi ngudi tieu dCing hoac quy tic, quy dinh bin hing, cung ung djch vg 4p uc (ACCC) vi CO quan bao vp ngudi tieu dting d cac dgng doi vdi ngudi tieu dimg mua, sd dgng hing bang)^2 cd quyen yeu cau Tda an xem xit eie dllu hda, djch vy khdng dupc thi hiin cg thi Irong hpp khoan hpp dong mau mi doanh nghiip dua ding; (iii) Cho phip t i ehdc, c i nhin kinh doanh hing Neu Tda in tuyin dllu khoan dd l i bit binh ding thi hia, djeh vy quy djnh hoic thay dii gii tai thdi dllm dieu khoan dd se v i hipu hpp dong ey thi ma giao hing hda, cung dng dich vy; (iv) Cho phip tJ D Ddn chiH & Phdp lu^t S6 (334) - 2020 ^udn ^anh ^g chuc, cd nhdn kinh doanh hdng hda, djch vg gidi thieh hang hda vd djch vg thilt y i u phai cd trdch nhidm ddng hgp dong tnj'dng hap dieu khodn eua hgp dong ke, cd nhdn ca quan quan ly nhd nude ed tham quyin v l bao vd kinh doanh hang hda, djeh vg chuyen giao quyin, quyen Igi ngudi tieu diing (Dieu 18, D i i u 19) nghTa vg cho ben thu ba md khong dugc ngudi tidu diJng dong y Theo Lugt Ngudi tidu dOng Ue thi danh mgc cdc dieu khoan bat binh dang tren khdng bj hgn ehe, bdi Ben cgnh nhOng dieu khoan ed npi ham gidng qud frinh xdt xO, Toa dn cd quyin tuyen nhO'ng dd thi Lugt Bao vp quyen lgi ngudi tieu dung d i i u khoan khdc Id dieu khodn bat binh dang neu ndm 2010 cdn lipt ke thdm cde diiu khoan khae so vdi cdc hgp dong dugc giao k i t giOa doanh nghipp ddt Lugt Ngudi tieu diing ciia Ue, dd Id cdc dieu khoan ve: ede d l l u kidn giao djch chung vd ngudi tieu d£ing ed (i) Cho phep to chuc, cd nhan kinh doanh hdng hda, ddi tugng ho$e hp qua tgo mdt sg m i t edn xCrng djch vy dan phuang xac djnh ngudi tidu dDng khdng mdt cdch rd rdng giO'a quyin vd nghTa vg eua eac bdn thgc hipn mgt hogc mpt so nghTa vg; (ii) Logi trii trdch hgp dong Nhu vgy, Ludt Ngudi tidu dCing Oc dd nhipm cila to chuc, ca nhdn kinh doanh hdng hda, djch md rgng them quyen eiia Tda dn Sijqic phdp bo sung vg trudng hgp to chuc, ca nhdn kinh doanh hdng cdc dieu khoan ed d i u hipu Igm dgng quyen Igi ciia hda, djch vu ban hang hda, eung ung djch vg thdng ngudi tieu diing Lugt Bao vp quyin Igi ngudi qua bdn thii ba; (iv) B i t bupc ngudi tidu dOng phdi tidu diing nam 2010 cua Vidt Nam chua tang them tudn thu cde nghia vu ca t l ehue, ed nhdn quyen cho Tda an kinh doanh hang hda, djch vg khdng hodn thdnh nghTa vg cua minh Khde vdi Lugt Ngudi tieu dOng Oc, Lugt Bao vp Mpt so g g i mcr cho Vipt Nam T u nghidn cCru so sdnh trdn cd t h i khing djnh: Vai trd vd y nghTa ciia vide si> dgng diiu kidn giao djch quyin Igi ngudi tidu dung nam 2010 ciia Vipt Nam chgng phai dugc nhdn thCrc d i y dO vd r6 rang ddi vdi khdng quy djnh eg the dau hipu nhdn biet cdc d i i u t i t ed cdc bdn tidn quan cdc giao djch ddn sg D l khoan b i t binh dang hay hgu qua phap ly cua hgp tranh vipc ben sogn thdo d i l g kidn giao djeh ehung bdo ddng chi>a dgng ede dieu khoan bat binh dang Nhdm vp thdi qua quyin Igi cua minh, vide bao vd ngudi t;?'; kiem soat cdc didu kidn giao djeh chung bat binh dang, diing trudc cde dieu kipn giao djeh ehung b i t binh Lugt Bao vp quyen Igi ngudi tieu dCing nam 2010 eua ding Id vipc Idm h i t sii'e e I n thiet Nhim tang cudng Vipt Nam quy dinh giao k i t hgp dong vdi ngudi tieu s g kilm sodt chgt ehe cdc dieu khoan b i t binh dang diing thi td chuc, ca nhan kinh doanh hdng hda, djch gay bat Igi cho ngudi tidu diing thi cdc dieu khodn quy vg sO dung dieu kipn giao djeh ehung phai cd trdch djnh v l dieu kipn giao djch chung Lugt Bdo vp nhipm thdng bao cdng khai diiu kipn giao djch chung quyin Igi ngudi tieu diing Vidt Nam ndn dugc hodn trudc giao djch vdi ngudi tidu dOng; phai xac djnh thipn theo hudng: rd thdi diem dp dgng vd phai dugc nidm yet d nai Tht> nhit, qgy djnh thdm d i i u ki$n chung d l xdc thugn tgi lgi dja i^em giao djeh de ngudi tieu dung cd djnh dieu kl^n giao djch chung cd d i u hipu b i t binh the nhin thay Ngoai vipc phai cdng khai ede d l l u kipn dang giO'a cdc bdn giao ket vd thge hidn hgp giao djch chung, td chuc, ed nhdn kinh doanh logi dong nham hgn ehe kha ndng hinh thdnh vd ap dgng Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt I (Xjttdii ^anh ^g S6 (334) - 2020 cac dieu kipn giao djeh ehung bat hgp ly eCia ben sogn de ddng nhgn thiy cdc dieu khoan b i t binh ding thdo dieu kipn giao djch chung Dieu kipn giao djch hgp ding, tO- dd ngudi tidu dCing cd t h i t g bdo vd minh ehung phdi dam bao s g binh dang, trung thgc giOa cae tnj'de cdc dllu khoan khdng cdng bang cac doanh ben giao k i t hgp dong Neu d i i u khodn dd gdy sg nghidp d$t m i l can bang ldn ve quyen va lgi ieh eua cdc bdn ThO' ba, ngoai cdc dieu khodn b i t binh dang da hgp dong thi can phai xdc djnh diiu khoan duge lidt kd Ludl Bao vp quyin Igi ngudi tidu dd la bat binh dang Hipn Bd lugt Dan sg nam diing ndm 2010 thi ndn cho phdp Tda dn qua 2015 quy djnh: Dieu kipn giao djeh chung phai bao trinh xdt xi> cd t h i m quyin bd sung cdc diiu khodn bit dam sg binh dang giOa eac ben (khoan D l l u 406) binh d i n g n i u Tda dn xdt thay nhO'ng dieu khodn d6 Cdch quy djnh edn qud ehung ehung, dieu kidn ed d i u hidg b i t binh d i n g , gay b i t Igi mOt cdch phi I'i giao djeh chung nhu the nao thi the hipn sg binh ding eho ngudi tidg diing hay cd s g Igm dgng vj t h i cOa cdc giO'a ede bdn, tidu ehi ndo de danh gid sg binh ding doanh nghidp sogn thao dllu kidn giao djch dd thi ehua duge lam rd Bp lugt Dan sg nam chung Trong qua trinh xdt xir, Tda dn cd t h i can thigp 2015 vdo vide xem xdt tinh hgp 1;^ vd kha ndng dp dgng cdc Thif hai, bd sung cac dieu khoan bat binh ding de thugn tipn cho Tda an, cde ca quan bao vp quyin Igi ngudi tieu dung, doanh nghipp dua dieu kipn giao djch chung vd ngudi tidu dung cdn eu vdo dd ed the dieu kipn giao djeh ehung, cd the tuydn bd logi tni vi^c dp dgng d i i u kipn giao dieh chung Trong tnfdng hgp c i n thilt, Tda dn cd t h i tuydn bd d i i u kipn giao djch ehung dd bj vd hipu • F Kessler, Contracts of Adhesion—some Thoughts about Freedom of Contract, 1943 Coium.LRev, tr 629 Tang Vdn NghJa (2009), Sdn vS dieu ki$n giao d/ch chung cda doanh nghi$p, T$p chi D&n cbO vii Phip lu^t Lu$t NgiFoi tieu dung Oc la mQt phan cua Ogo lu$t ve cgn/i tranh vd ngodr (idu dOng cOa Oc nSm 2010, sira dii, bi sung nam 2016 (Competition and Consumer Act 2010) Todn vin Dgo lu$t niy xem (?/: hltp://vmw.3ustlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_acl/caca2010265/sch2.html eieu 23 ACL Tham khao tri/c tuyen (9/; Http:/Areasur/.gov.au/ConsultationsandReviews/Consultations/2016/Extending-unfaif-co tract-term-protections-sml-bus truy c$p 08/08/2017 Dieu 28 ACL Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Unfair contract tenns • a guide for business and legal practitio 2016, ngudn: Https://mm.accc.gov.au/publicalions/a-guide-to-lhe-ur)fair-contract-tenns-law, tr 11 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Tldd, tr.11 9.'Dieu24ACL 10 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Tldd, tr 12 11 Dieu 25 ACL 12 Oc la Nhi nuuc lien bang, t$i moi bang co Chlnh phu riing ACCC li co quan chuyin b^ch v l bio v$ ngirdi Mu diing va quan ly c^nh tranh cua Nha nude lien bang Tai chinh phu m6i bang lai c6 thi thinh l$p cic ca quan riing v l bia vi ngudi tieu dung 13 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Tldd tr 14 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Tldd I Ddn chu & Phdp lu$t ... dieu kipn giao djeh chung vdi dugc hieu khae nhau; (v) Cho phep td eht>e, cd nhdn ca quan quan ly nhd nude ed tham quyin v l bao vd kinh doanh hang hda, djeh vg chuyen giao quyin, quyen Igi ngudi... Igi cho ngudi tidu diing thi cdc dieu khodn quy vg sO dung dieu kipn giao djeh ehung phai cd trdch djnh v l dieu kipn giao djch chung Lugt Bdo vp nhipm thdng bao cdng khai diiu kipn giao djch chung. .. Bao vp quyin Igi ngudi tidu dd la bat binh dang Hipn Bd lugt Dan sg nam diing ndm 2010 thi ndn cho phdp Tda dn qua 2015 quy djnh: Dieu kipn giao djeh chung phai bao trinh xdt xi> cd t h i m quyin

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