,IOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF IINUB l-Juealion Science 2013, Vol, 58, No, pp 138-147 This paper is available online al http //stdh hnue.edu NGIIIEN CLfU TAM Ll HOC SV PHAM V(')I CONC; TAC DAO TAO GIAO VIEN i)ao Thi Oanh Vlin Nghten et'fu Supligm Ti udng Dgi Iwr Suplicun Hd Ndi Tom tat Bai VILM trinh hay khai quat ve khai niem doi tUdng, noi dung nghien cdu cua Tam li hoc Su pham vdi tU each la mpt phan nganh ciia Khoa hoc Giao due va g!^n bo chat che vdi Su pham hoc Bai viet dong thdi de xuat nhflng noi dung nghien ciiu chu yeu vh Tam li hpc SU pham thtii gian tiii nh^m phuc vu dac lac hon nfla chu cong tac dao tan giao vicn trudng sfl pham, qua khang dinh VI tri vai tro ciia nghien cu'u Tam li hoc Su pham doi vdi cong tac dao tao giao vien giao due nha tritdng d nfldc ta TUkhda: Tam h' hoc sfl pham, khoa hoc giao due, sU pham hoc, Mc( dau Viet Nam, Tarn h' hoc (TLH) la mot nganh khoa hoc non tre, chinh thu"c dfldc dfla \ao giang day va nghien cflu vao nhijfng nam giiifa the ki XX Nhflng so vdi cac chuyen nganh TLH khac, c6 the ndi TLH Sfl pham (TLHSP) dfldc phat trien manh nhat vi d6i tfldng nghien cflu va muc tieu phuc vii cua no gan lign vdi sfl nghiep giao due, phat trien ngfldi ndi chung, tre em ndi neng Ngay nay, d hau het cac ddn vi nghien cflu, dao tao vc TLH cung nhfl cac trfldng sfl pham nfldc ta, cac van de cua TLHSP dlu dfldc quan tam nghien cflu d cac pham vi, quy mo khac nhau, nham phuc vu cho sfl phat trien chung ciia giao due dao lao Viet Nam Tuy nhien chfla cd tai lieu nao tong ket mdt each dSy du nhiing nghien cflu vc TLHSP va nhflng ddng gop cfla nhflng nghien cflu sfl nghiep giao due cua nfldc ta, tfl dd dan den nhflng danh gia khong dung vc vai tro ctia TLHSP Bai bao khai quat bflc tranh ve TLHSP d Viet Nam, vdi mong mudn khang dinh vi tri cua llnh vflc cdng cudc Giao due va n.io tao, chuan bi nguon nhan lflc chat Ifldng cao xay dflng dat nfldc tinh hinh mdi Noi dung cua bai bao gdm hai phSn chinh: Doi tfldng nghien cflu cua TLHSP vit Nhflng noi dung va cac hfldng nghien cflu chu y6u cua TLHSP Viet Nam Cudi ciing la mpt so ket luan Nga> nhan bai, 28-11-2012 Ng.n ch^p nhan dang, 11-4-2013 Lien he Dim Thi Oanh e-mail, phanh 100 l(piyahoo com Nghien cifu Tdm li hgc Supham vdi cdng tdc ddo tao gidn vien Noi dung nghien cii'u De phan tich, danh gia dung vai tro, stt dong gdp cua TLHSP ddi vdi cong tac dao tao giao vien, trfldc hk cSn phai xac dinh ro pham vi doi tfldng va ndi dung nghien cflu cua chuyen nganh khoa hoe 2.1 Ddi ttfcfng n g h i e n ciiu cua T L H S P Viec xac dinb ddi tfldng nghien cflu cua TLHSP g5n day dfldc d6 cap d6n kha nhi6u tren cac dien dan khoa hpc hoac cac bai viet mang tfnh ehuyen mdn cfla cac tac gia nfldc va nfldc ngoai ban Iuan ve cac ITnh vflc nghien cflu lien quan dSn nd la "Kbua hpc Gidu dur" (KHGD) va "Khoa bpe Su phgm" (KHSP), hay "Su phgm hue" (SPH) [6] Cac phan tich chu yeu tap trung Iam ro cac thuat ngii dfldc sti dung, pham vi dfli tfldng nghien cflu va moi quan he gifla mpt so nganh/chuycn nganh khoa hpc nhfl: gifla SPH vdi KHGD, gifla SPH vdi TLHSP, gifla TLHSP vdi TLHGD , DiSu xuat phat tfl xu the phat trien chung cua tflng Iinh vflc khoa hoc, ciJng nhfl xu the lien mon, lien nganh cang cao nghien cflu khoa hoc 2.1.1 M6i quan he giira KHSP v6i KHGD Trong mdt so tai lieu cua nfldc ngoai va mpt s6 bai viSt gin day cua cac nha nghien cflu giao due [1,3.6], van 6k ddi tfldng, ndi dung, m6i quan he ISn va xu the nghien cflu ctia KHGD va cua KHSP (SPH) dfldng dai da dfldc dg cap mpt each khai quat, kha toan dien - Ch^ng han, ve khai niem KHGD, theo [6], thuat ngfl "Educational Science"/ "Education Science" it dfldc tim th^y cac tai lieu tieng Anh, ca cac bd tfl dien ldn cung nhfl cac he phan loai vh khoa hoc, mac du hien d My dang cd mpt t6 chflc nghien cflu hang diu v6 KHGD la "Vien cac KHGD" ("Institut of Education Sciences" - lES) Trong dd, thuat ngfl tieng Phap "Sciences de I'education" bat dau dfldc sfl dung rong rai cac thap ki gSn day d cac nfldc not tiSng Phap, Tay Ban Nha va B6 Dao Nha Nghien cflu cung cho thay, nhu cSu dao tao ddi ngu giao vien chit Ifldng cao xuit hien tfl sau chien tranh th6 gidi thfl II da thflc day manh me viec trien khai KHGD the hien chfldng trinh dao tad giao vien trinh cfl nhan Theo dd, ngoai cac mon hoc giao vien cin phai day tfldng lai, luc diu chfldng trinh cdn bao gdm cac mon hoc nhfl: "Xd hdi hpc Gido dur"; "TLH Gidu due"; "Triiihgr Gido dur"; "Uch sif Gido dite" va sau xuit hien them cac mon hpc mdi nhfl "Pbdt trien dnfdng irinb " Cac nha nghien cflu cung da dfla cac ciu phin cua KHGD dfldc thfla nhan rong rai hien nay, bao gdm: "Triit hpc Gido due"; "Xdbpibc)e Gido due"; "TLH Gido dur"; " Uch.sd Gidu due"; "Kinh ti hue Gidu diie"; "Qudn If Gido dur"; "SPH" Qua day c6 the thiy, SPH la mot ciu phin ctia KHGD ve khai niem SPH, thuat ngfl SPH tieng Viet dfldc dich tfl thuat ngfl tieng Anh "Pedagogy" hay "Pedagogical Sciences" nghia chung nhat, SPH dfldc hieu la "Kbua Iwc vi viec dgy hur va gido due ire em", cd ddi tfldng nghien cflu la phfldng phap giang day, bad gdm cac muc tieu cua giao Dao Thi Oanh due va cac each thflc de dat dfldc cac muc tieu dd (theo cac nha nghien cflu cua Mi va By Au) hay, la khda hoc ma doi tfldng ciia nd la giao due ngfldi nhfl la mot chflc nang dac biet cua xa hpi (theo cac nha nghien cflu cua Ddng Au va Nga) nghia hep hdn, theo cac nha nghien cflu Mi va Tay Au SPH la llnh vflc nghien cflu M: ngfldi giao vien va vc qua Irinh giang day ctia giao vien, cu the la cac chien Ifldc giiing da\ hoac phong each giiing day cua gido vien Cdn theo cac nha nghien cflu cua Nga diiy lii linh vflc nghien cflu quii trinh the he di trfldc truyen lai cho the he tre nhflng kmh nghieiii xa hoi can ihict cho cupc song va lao ddng xii hpi Nhin chung, noi dung cua khai nii;m SPH ht;p hdn so vdi npi hiim khai niem KHGD rang ndi dung nghien cflu ciia SPH kha phong phfl, dd, dfldc nghien cflu nhiSu nhat lit "Cliucnig irinh" (Curriculum studies); "Pbtfdng pbdp day hoc" (Teaching Methods); "Ddnh gid gido dur" (Itducationa! Assessment) 2.1.2 Moi quan he giffa SPII vdi TLHSP I'heo c;ic nha nghien cflu, day la hai linh vitc gan bd chat che, khdng the tach rdi SPH cin phai tinh den dac thu phat trien cfla ngfldi hoc d cac giai doan ItJa tupi khac nhau, vay, SPH dfla nhicu vao tflu nghien cflu cua linh \flc nghien cflu TLGD, mil trfldc het la cua TLHSP [1,3,61 Chang han, theo cac nha nghien cflu Nga, KHSP dfldc phan chia thanh: SPH Tien nha irfldng, SPH Nha trfldng; SPH KT thuat Nghe nghiep, SPH Dai hpc; SPH San xuit; SPH Quan sfl; Lich sfl SPH; SPH C}iao due Thfldng xuyen; Giao hoe phap Bd mon Hay mpt dc xuit khac vc phan loai cac KHSP theo nhflng diu hieu: Ciu true (cd SPH Bai cfldng, Li luan Day hoc, Li luan Giao due, ); Ifla tuoi va mon hoc (SPH Tign nha trfldng, SPH Dai hoc ); gia tn - y nghTa (SPH Nhan ban, SPH Hdp tdc ); dieu chinh - phat trien (SPH Dac biet, SPH Phdng ngfla ,), Cac ITnh vflc KHSPed lien quan chat che va dfla vao tflu ctia cac khda hdc khac nhfl Triel hdc, Xa hdi hdc, TLH, [6J Gin day quan nigm \c SPH hicn dai chd rang, dd la ITnh vflc tich hdp nghien cflu tfl nhigu ITnh vflc chuygn mdn khac nhau, bao gdm: "Kbua bur Nhdn tbifr", "TLH Phdt tnen", "TLH Gido diic", "Do luc'nig vd ddnlt gid", "Cdng nghe thimg tin" De cd the day tdt, gidd vicn can phai cd mdt tap hdp cac ygu td, nhfl: hicu biet vc mdn hdc; hie'u bigt ve hoc sinh vdi nhflng 16 hong ve khai nicm cd the cd; hig'u bigt vg chfldng trinh; hieu bigt vg SPH Dai cfldng Dd la sfl hieu bigt vc "C;ii gi ?" "Khi nao''", "Vi sao?", "Lam thg nao '" dc day 2.1.3 Moi quan he giu:a TLHSP va T L H G D Trong cac tai lieu TLH cua My \{\ phfldng lay, thuat ngfl TLHSP va TLHGD doi dfldc sfl dung thay thg cho va dfldc xem la mdt ITnh vflc cua TLH Lfng dung [6,13| Ddla \ i e c f l n g d u n g c h c thdng nhflng nguyen tic TLH vao viec day va viec hpc, vao viec to chflc qua trinh giiio due ndi chung TLHSP la ITnh vflc nghien cflu li thuygt ddng thdi la linh vflc thflc nghiem, flng diing li luan cua nhigu chuygn nganh khda hpc khiic, nhfl Giad due hdc, Xa hdi hpc, TLH Phat tnen, TLH Xa hpi, TLH Thin kinh, dac biet la TLH Dai cfldng , vao thflc tign nha trfldng Vao ihdi cua minh, nha giao due noi licng - Hcrbart, J.F da cho ring, TLHSP bao gom mang nghien cflu la; "Quan li"; "Day hoc"; "Giao due dao dflc" [5.13] 140 Nghien cifu Tdm li line Suphgm vdi edng ldc ddo lao gido vten Trong TLH Xd Viet [1,3,4,7], thuat ngfl TLHSP vii TLHGD dfldc sfl dung de chi hai chuyen nganh khac ciia TLH nhflng cd quan he chat che vdi Thed dd, TLHSP la mdt chuygn ngiinh cua TLH phat trien nhfl la mpt nhanh ciia TLH cd ban (TLHSP cd ban) va TLH flng dung (TLHSP flng diing) Trpng tam nghign eflu cua TLHSP lii nhflng qua trinh ITnh hdi tri thflc, hinh thimh cac mat khac cua nhan each ngfldi hpc, phat hien cac quy luat linh hpi nhflng dang kinh nghiem xa hpi khiic (iri tuc, dao dflc, tham mi, san xuit ), tflc lit nghign cflu dg hieu dfldc quii trinh chuyen vdn kinh nghiem xa hpi dd von kinh nghiem cua ca nhan nhfl the nao Trong dd, mpt nhiem vu dac biet ciia TLHSP lit kham pha nhflng phfldng phap chd phep chan ddiin trinh va chit Ifldng ITnh hdi cua ngfldi hpc Cac nhit tam li giao due Xo Viel dfla vao tieu chi ve loai kinh nghiem xa hpi dfldc ITnh hpi dc dfla cac ITnh vflc nghign cflu cua TLHSP, gdm: TLH Day hoc; TLHGD: TLH ngfldi Giao vign Nhfl vay, TLHGD dfldc xem la mpt phiin nganh cua TLHSP Biin thiin TLHGD ciing vfla la ITnh vflc nghien cflu cd ban (TLHGD cd ban), vfla la linh vflc nghien cflu flng diing (TLHGD flng diing) Trong TLH Day hpc nghien cflu lam rd quy luat, ban chit, dac diem, cac giai doan, cac dieu kien, tigu chi eua qua trinh linh hoi tri thflc, kT nang, kT xao mdt each hieu qua thi TLHGD nghign cflu cac quy luat cfla viec ITnh hoi cac chuan mflc dao dflc va cac nguyen tac dao dflc, vigc hinh the gidi quan, niem tin dieu kien day hoc va giad due d nha trfldng Cac vin dg nghign cflu cu the cua TLHGD cd rit nhigu nhfl: dong cd va xu hfldng cfla nhan each; dong cd hpe tap; sfl phat trien nhan each tre em vdi cac trinh dp nhan thflc khac nhau; sfl hinh tinh each va ciic van de cua lfla tuoi thieu men; nhan each vii mdi trfldng giao due; giao due gia dinh; giao due tham mi; giao due the chat; ed chg thuc day lam nen tang eho vice giao due ) Trdng mdt sd tili lieu chuyen mon gin day, ddi tfldng cfla TLHGD dfldc md rdng, theo do, TLHGD nghien cflu cac quy luat binh nhan each tich cflc va cd tinh dinh hfldng d ngfldi hoc, cac quy luat cfla qua trinh tac ddng den nhan each xa hdi ndi chung d ngfldi hpe [3,4] Qua phdn ti'eb d tren cd the ria din tifcjng nghien cifu eiia TLHSP nhu sauHieu radt each ngan gpn, TLHSP cd ddi tfldng nghign cflu la cac quy luat tam li cua qua trinh day va hoc Cdn hieu mdt each diy dfl, TLHSP la ehuyen ngiinh TLH, nghien cflu ban chit, cd che tam li, cac phfldng each higu qua de phat trien tri tue vii nhan each cua ngfldi hoc va ngfldi day, gdp phin nang cao chit Ifldng giao due nha trfldng [\,?>A\ Trong qua trinh phat trien cua minh, TLHSP Vict Nam chiu anh hfldng cua nhflng quan niem li thuyet khac nhau, va da xac dinh chd minh mot ehd dflng nhat dinh, cang tigm can vdi quan niem chung tren the gidi vc ddi tfldng nghien eflu cua TLHSR 2.2 Noi dung, cac htfdng nghien ctiu chu yeu ciia TLHSP cf Viet Nam Nhfl da trinh bay d tren, TLHSP la khoa hoc li thuyet ddng thdi lii khoa hoc thflc nghiem, vi vay, ndi dung nghign eflu ciia nd rat rdng, vfla la nghten eflu ed ban, vfla lii nghign eflu flng dung Dfldi day la mdt sd gdi y vg nhflng not dung nghien eflu chu yeu dfli vdi TLHSP eua Vigt Nam, nhim phue vu cho giao due nhii trfldng vii cdng tac dao lao giao vign [7,10,13] Diio Thi Oanh 2.2.1 Nghien ciiu cd ban phuc vu thtfc tiin giao dtic thong va cong tac dao tao giao vicn Cu thg', nghien eflu cae quy Iu5t phat trien tam li, smh li ctia ngfldi hoc ya ngfldi day de van dung vad qua trinh giao due nhim dat hieu qua mdng mudn Neu thieu nhiJng ket quii nghien cflu cd ban thi qua trinh day hpc va giad due se thieu di cd sd khoa hpc ctia \iec to chflc nd a) Nghign cflu dac diem lam, sinh If, trinh dd phat trien tri lue va xa hpi d ngfltii hpc de CO the huy dong tot nhil cac chien Ifldc day hoc va giao due mot each hieu qua l)a\ dfldc xem lii mang npi dung nghien cflu ldn TLHSP d nfldc ta hien nay, dac biel ygu ciu ve viec doi mdi chfldng trinh, npi dung dao tao; ddi mdi phfldng phap, hinh thflc td chflc dao lao; dd'i mdi hinh thflc danh gia ket qua dao tao nha trfldng dfldc dat cang manh me Ben canh viec trien khai nghien cflu nhim vao ddi Ifldng la hoc sinh thdng, cac nghien cflu cdn hfldng vitd ddi tfldng ngfldi hoc d cac dd tuo'i khiic nhau, dac bicl la sinh vien, dd cd sinh vien dai hoc sfl pham Cac nghien cflu xae dinh chi Sd ve trinh dp phat trien tri tue trinh dd sang tao, mflc dd bicu hien tri tue xiic cam, nang Itte tri nhd, sfl bien ddi cac qua trinh than kinh qua trinh hoc lap tren Idp, cac dac diem dinh hfldng gta Iri, ddng cd, nhu ciu nhan thflc, khd khan tam ii hoc tap cua ngfldi hpc, each ngfldi hpc tfldng lac vdi de giai quyet nhiem vu hpc tap, phong each hoc tap trgn ldp cua ngfldi hoc se cung cip cd sd khoa hoe chd viec xay dflng, phat trien cac chfldng trinh giao due tri tug giao due chinh tri, giao due ve smh hoc dfldng, giao due hanh vi sai lech chuin mflc, giao due sflc khoe sinh san cho hpc sinh, sinh vien Dong thdi giup eho eac nha giad d trfldng pho' thong eung nhfl trdng trfldng dai hoc sfl pham dinh hfldng lfla chon cac phfldng phap, hinh thflc td chflc day hoe, giad due mdt each phli hdp, hieu qua Khong cd mdt phfldng phap dting cho viec day mot bai hoc cu the, nhflng ed mpt s6 tigu chi giup giao vign dfla quygt dinh ldt nhil cd the b) Nghign eflu sfl bign doi cua quii trinh phat trien dien d tflng dfla tre ve mat cd the, tri lue, xa hoi: Khi nao dien ra"^ Dign nhfl the nao? Sit phiil trie'n nhan each ngfltJi hoc dfldi tae ddng cua day hoe va giao due'' Cd sd TLH cfla cdng tac giao due dao dflc? O tre em, cac qua trinh phat trien dien nhanh chdng vii cd anh hfldng rd ret den each thflc tre hpc tap, each thflc tre tfldng tac vdi giao vien each thflc tre tfldng tac vdi cac tre khac cflng tud'i c) Nghign eflu cac dieu kign anh hfldng tdi qua trinh hpc tap vii giao due cua ngfldi hoc, nhfl: digu kign gia dinh (vi the kinh tg - xa hdi cua gia dinh; vi the xa hdi ciia cha me; thai dd ctia gia dinh trfldc vigc boc tap cfla tre ); dieu kicn cua nha trfldng; nhiJng ygu tfl ben ctia hoal ddng hoe tap lam cd sd khoa hoc cho nhflng bign phap sfl pham phu hdp, higu qua, giup hoal dpng eua ngfldi thiy thtfc sfl mang tinh khoa hpc, dam bao tinh sfl pham cao d) Nghign cflu nhflng quy luat, ccf che va dieu kien hinh cac mat dao dflc va tham mT nhan each hoc sinh cin dfldc TLHSP quan tam nghien cflu manh me, sau sic hdn Vi du, nghign cflu cd sd tam, sinh li hoc, cac nguyen nhan, cd chg tam Ii cua cac rdi nhigu hanh vi d hoc sinh (gay hin, bao lflc nghign ngap, ) lam c0 sd xay dflng cac bien phap giao due dao dflc eho hoc sinh mpt each phu hdp de' giam thie'u cac hanh 142 Ngliien ciiu 'Tdm If hpc Suphgm vdi cdng tdc ddo ign gido vien vi tfldng tfl hoc dfldng va ngoai xa hpi Day la nhflng diem ndng va cung lii nhflng die'm ygu hien giao due hoc dfldng cua chflng ta KHSP trfldc hel can tao lap dfldc cai gde thi mdi gat hai dfldc nhflng gi mong mudn ve Iau dai Cd the ndi, tfl mdi dfldc hinh d Viet Nam, TLHSP da quan tam dfln npi dung nghien cflu [8], Tiiy nhien cung vdi sit phat trie'n cua xa hdi da cd sfl dich chuyen ciia he thdng gia tri dinh hfldng hanh dpng eua ngfldi Viet Nam ndi chung, hpc sinh Viet Nam ndi rieng Nhieu vin de mdi xuit hien, ihSm chi vdi tdc dd nhanh vii khd Ifldng liim cho TLHSP phai ddi mat Vi vay cd the' xem day la mang nghien eflu ma TLHSP khong bao gid dfldc phep xao nhang, ddng thdi phai luon ludn tim kiem nhflng each lam phii hdp mdi mong CO kgt qua, d) Nghign eflu cd sd TLH eiia viec danh gia irong giao due, do, trfldc bet lii viec danh gia qua trinh nhan thflc ctia ngfldi hpc: sfl dung cac hinh thflc danh gia hieu qua? Dign bign va kgt qua ciia qua trinh ITnh hpi, qua trinh xfl li thdng tin mdi d ngfldi hpc? Kgt qua hinh va phat trien cac nang lflc khac d ngfldi hpc e) Nghien cflu sfl tfldng tac xa hoi hoat dpng hpc tap de phat hien xem tflng ca nhan ngfldi hpc chiu sfl anh hfldng tfl nhflng ngfldi khac nhfl the nao'' Ddng thdi, ngfldi hpc cd the' chiu tac ddng theo cac chieu hfldng tieh cflc nhfl the nao? Mflc dp va chieu hfldng tac ddng cfla nhflng ngfldi xung quanh dgn ngfldi hoe? Dieu niiy rat quan trpng ddi vdi viee td' chflc day hpc, giao due mot each phii hdp, hieu qua f) Mdt nhflng npi dung quan cua TLHSP la nghign cflu cae dac diem tam li - nhan each cua ngfldi giao vien, mflc dd dap flng ygu cau nghg nghiep cfla giao vien litm cd sd xay dflng cac dinh hfldng, bien phap, each thflc ren luyen, phat trie'n cac nang lflc, pham ehit nghe nghiep d ho, dap flng yeu cau phat trien giad due ndi chung Ddng thdl Iiim cd sd khoa hoe xay dflng/phat trien chfldng trinh diio tao giao vien dap flng yeu cau phal trien giao due 2.2.2 Nghien ctfu ung dung Ii luan TLHSP vao qua trinh day hoc, giao due tf trtfbng thong v» cong tac dao tao giao vien mang nay, tam nghien cflu cin hfldng vao nhflng ndi dung eu the sau: a) Van dung li Iuan cua TLHSP va cfla cac nganh/cbuyen ngiinh khoa hoc hen quan vao nghien cflu khic phue phdng ngfla nhflng lech lac phat tnen tam li, nhan each d ngfldi hpc, nhfl: khic phuc nhflng khd khan lam Ii boc tap eiia hpe sinh, sinh vien; day hpc chinh tri cbo cac ddi tfldng phat trien ranh gidi, giad due dap dflc cho hpe sinh "cd vin dg" Thudc hfldng edn cd viec nghien cflu flng dung cac van de vg TLH Hoc dfldng vad nha trfldng phd thong, dap flng nhu eiu phat trie'n d hdc sinh mdi each kip thdi, phu hdp, gdp phin phat trien toan dien nhan each hoe sinh Day la hfldng nghign cflu ddi hoi sfl phdi hdp tich cflc, cbu ddng gifla TLHSP vdi cac nganh khac nhfl Giao due hoc, Sinh ll hpe Xa hdi hpe Hfldng nghien cflu trfldc het difdc xem la khia eanh nghign cflu flng dung, nhflng ddng thdi cdn la khia canh nghien cflu li thuyfit eua TLHSP b6i canh hien d nfldc ta Thflc tg cho thiy hoc sinh d bit cfl Ifla tudi nao, bit cfl cip hoc nao cung cd the' gap phai cac vin dg khac nhau, vi vay, hicu dfldc nhu cau va hd trd, giiip dd hdC sinh giai quygt eae vin de cua cac em la mpt nhiem vu cua cac nha TLHSP, Kinh nghiem cua cac nfldc phat trien chd thiy, xa bdi cang phat trien, nhflng vin dg vg sflc khde tam than eua thg he tre cang trd ngn cap bach ein dfldc quan tam kip thdi Ddi 143 vdi hoc sinh, sinh vien Viel Nam hien cd the ndi, ITnh vflc niiy dang cang trd ngn mdt nhu eiu cip bach, ddng thdi cung Iii trie'n vpng cfla TLHSP Cung theo hfldng cin cd nhflng nghien cflu sau sac than trpng vg phfldng phap, hinh thflc td chflc hicu qua cua viec giao due gia Iri sdng kT nang sdng dac bi^t cac kT nang xa hdi ed ban cho ngfldi hoc vit ngfldi day d cac dp tudi khac nhau, giup dieu chinh Ciic hiinh vi khong mong mudn, hinh he gia tri tich cflc, phat trien cac nang lflc cd ban de ihich flng tdl nhit cd the xa hpi hien dai Hicn nay, day dang la van dg «ndng» cac nhii trfldng va xa hpi b) Nghien cflu nhufng van de lidn quan dgn giao due phat trien nang lflc Siing tao d ngfldi hpc, gin vdi muc tigu dao tao phat trien ngu6n nhan lflc chit Ifldng cao cho dit nfldc thdi ki hdi nhap C}iiio due phat men nang lflc sang lao cho hpc sinh da va dang lii mdi quan tam ciia hiu hgt cac qudc gia tren the gidi, Ching biin Singapore xac dinh liy ddi mdi va sang tao la dong lflc de phat tnen dit nfldc: ciic chuyen gia My cho ring, vice xfl If thdng tin logic da trd ngn dg dang nhd flng dung khoa hpc cdng nghe, thi tinh sang tao, tri tfldng Ifldng mdi la yeu td quygt dinh,.,Vi vay, dinh hfldng eua ddi mdi giao due cua nhieu nfldc hicn lii nhim phal trien ldi da tfnh lich cflc va kha nang sang tao d ngfldi hoc Trong hpe tap, ngfldi hoc khdng chi cd nhu ciu vg hpc thual, mil cdn ciic nhu ciu ve cam xiic, xa hdi, linh thin Giiid due phai giup tflng ngfldi bdc nhan thflc dfldc ban than va tim y nghTa cudc sdng, giup hd kham pha va the hign nhflng cam xuc rieng cua ban than theo Ciich rieng, ddc dao cfla minh Nhigu nghien cflu TLH tren ihg gidi cung nham vao phuc vu dinh hfldng phal trien ngfldi mdt each ldi da, loan dien cd the' Vi du, Thuyet Da tri lue da mang lai mot cai nhin nhan ban va cin thigt, keu gpi nha irfldng, dac biet la eac giiio vien eoi trpng sfl da dang ve trf tue d mdi hoc sinh, bdi mdi lai tri tue deu quan trpng vii mdi hoc sinh dgu cd ft nhieu kha nang theo nhieu khuynh hfldng phat trien khac cua cac kha nang dd, Nha Irfldng la ndi khdi gdi ticm nang d hdc sinh, tao digu kign, giiip hoc sinh phat huy tdi da cac kha nang ciia ban than cac em (3 Vict Nam, dieu da dfldc neu dinh hfldng ddi mdi day hoc cac mdn hoc d cac cap hoc khac c) Nghien cflu ciie dieu kien ve sinh hoc dfldng gdp phan nang cao chit Ifldng giao due nha Irfldng: Thflc tien nha trfldng chd thiy day Iii van de cip bach hien dang hang lam suy giam sflc khde the chit vii tinh Ihan nhieu hoc sinh Day la loai de tai nghign cflu ting dung, mang tinh lign ngiinh cao, hien dang rit dfldc quan tam y nghia quan cua nd ddi vdi chat Ifldng giao due nha trfldng Ciic van de ve sinh hoc dfldng lign quan dgn nhigu linh \ flc nhigu ndi dung nghien cflu khac nhau, nhat Iii thdi dai phat tnen khoa hoc edng nghe Thdi gian qua ITnh vflc da dfldc quan tam nghien cflu song cdn qua it di va chu ygu tap trung vao phat hien cac benh hpc dfldng d hoe sinh (can thi, cong cot sdng ) Xuit phat tfl each tiep can phiit trien ngfldi ben vflng, TLHSP cin nghign eflu \i\n dung cd sd tam-sinh li hoe, quy luat nguygn tac "Id chflc lad ddng khoa hoc" vao hoat ddng hpc tap nha trfldng theo dac thu lfla tudi Nhflng kgt qua cd dfldc se khdng chi giup ngan ngfla cac benh bdc dfldng d hpc sinh, giflp tad nhflng the be bdc sinh khdc dep ca ve the chit Iin tinh thin, ma cdn hinh d ngfldi hdc nang lflc td chflc, quan li boat dpng cua ban than, la mpt loai nang lflc dfldc Cdi va danh gia cao xa hoi hien dai Viec bao vg sflc khde tre em; viec td chflc hoat ddng hdC tap lad ddng vui chdi cho Nghien cifu Tdm If line Suphgm vdi cdng tdc ddo tgo gido vien hpc sinh mpt each hdp li, khda hpc; viec hoan thien sfl phat trien the chit va tinh thin cho hpe sinh chi cd the cd dfldc cd nhflng hie'u biet ve viee td chu'c lao dpng mdt each khoa hpc Vi vay, nhieu nha sfl pham ndi tigng tren the gidi da nhin manh dieu nay, dae biet de cap dgn vin de day hpc phan hda [5] Vi vSy nhflng khia canh niiy cung cin dfldc dg cap den chfldng trinh dao tad giao vign d trfldng sfl pham, d) Nghign eflu van dung cac nguyen tac TLHSP vao nha irfldng de giflp giao vien xSy dflng nhflng quy dinh cua ldp hpc phu hdp nhu ciu ngfldi hpc; dieu khien Idp hpe mpt each hieu qua; sti dung thdi gian trgn ldp hdp li, tri nhip hoc tap trgn ldp dfldc phu hdp Chang ban, viec nghien cflu van dung cac nguyen tae TLHSP rd rang la digu kien tien quyet nham giup giao vign phat Irig'n cac ki thuat dieu khien ldp hpe, nhfl: phat tnen cae chfldng trinh day hpc phan boa, phat trien viec hpc tap cd digu khien theo each chia nhd qua trinh day hoc mot chudi cac bfldc rigng re de ngfldi hpc linh hpi tflng bfldc mdt, khuyen khich thdng tin phan hdi lap tflc hay mdt sd cac ki nang nhfl : sfl dung hieu qua ciic hinh thflc thfldng-phal ddi vdi nhflng hoc sinh cd hanh vi vo ki luat Idp hpc, khuygn khich hitnh vi tap trung vao gid h p c d) Nghign eflu cac dieu kien tam If - xa hdi cfla vigc to chflc giao due nhan each cho ngfldi hpc nha trfldng, dd, hien ndi len trfldc het la vin dg nghien eflu hoan thien mdi quan he Thiy - Trd nha trfldng Trong nha trfldng, mdi quan he Thay - Trd la hgt sflc quan trong, anh hfldng ro ret den chit Ifldng giao due noi chung Giao due hien dai lam thay doi can ban vi tri tam li xa hpi ctia mdi tac dpng qua lai gifla Thiy va Tro Viec dam bao tinh thong nhil gifla qua trinh day boc va giao due vdi tfl each la mdt nhigm vu cua giad vien doi hdi phai nang cao vdn van hda sfl pham chung eua giao vien, trdng dd trfldc het lii nang lflc giao tiep bdi day la nang lflc quan trpng de giao vign thflc hign hoat dpng sfl pham hieu qua Cac khia canh nghign cflu cd the la: kig'u quan he qua lai, tinh chat, ndi dung, chit Ifldng , cua mdi quan he Thiy-Trd Thupc hfldng nghien cflu nay, nhflng gdi y ve bon tru cot giao due thg ki XXI ciia UNESCO cin dfldc bam sat va the hien sau sac hdn cac nghien cflu TLHSP, dac biet la "Hpc de cung chung sdng" va "Hoe de lam ngfldi" Thflc te xa hoi hien da chflng minh dieu va gin day bat diu xuit hien nhflng hfldng nghign cflu mdi ITnh vflc TLHSP nhflng the hien tinh lien nganh va lien mdn cao nhfl nghien cflu xay dflng van hda nha trfldng nhfl la digu kien tam li - xa boi quan trpng de giao due nhan each cho ca ngfldi hoc lln ngfldi day, Nhigu nghien cflu cua nfldc ngoai da khang dinh, xu thg loan ciu hda, de' cd the' hpi nhap va phat trig'n, cac pham chit nhan each c;i nhan nhfl: li tfldng nghg nghiep; kha nang lam viec nhdm; tinh hdp tac; tinh thich flng; nang krc kiem soat xuc cam ban than; nang lflc tfl hpc; tae phong cdng nghiep., rit dfldc cdi trpng [Cheryl E Sanders & Gary D Phye 2004; Edgar Morin, 2008; Gdleman, D, 2002, 2007; ], Nhflng pham chit nay, tren thflc te, rat quan trpng viec tao mdi trfldng giiip ca nhan the hign, phat trig'n tigm nang sang tao cua ban than Diio Thi Oanh 2.2.3 Nghien cihi hoan thien phtfdng phap, kT thuat nghien ctfu, kT thuat danh gia Hign tren thg gidi xuit hien nhflng trao Iflu mdi TLHSP, xuit phat tfl thflc tien cua xa hdi hien dai, ddng thdi gifla cac ngn TLH cd xu hfldng xich lai gin nhau, co tinh chpn lpc [5] Vi vay, nghien cflu de' hoc tap, tiep thu nhflng cai mdi, hien dai If luan cung nhfl phfldng phap/kT thuat nghien cflu cu thg' la digu hgt sflc quan trpng de' phal trie'n TLHSP nfldc nha De trien khai ldt cac vin de nghign cflu cung vdi viec cSp nhat tigp thu cac quan die'm Ii luan mdi ve vigc day va hpc; ve ban chit, ciu trtic eua iri lue; ciu true nhan each Vigc nghien eflu thfch nghi hda hoac xay dflng mdi cac cdng cu Ifldng TLHSP cin dfldc tiep titc quan tam dd yeu ciu phat trig'n nghten cflu phuc vu dao lao giao vien Day la viec lam khdng de, doi hdi trinh chuyen mon sau nhflng cung phai rong cua ngfldi nghien cflu, va dac biet la sfl iing ho eua eac cip quan li, vi rat ldn kem ve tai ehinh Hign nay, d mdt sd cd quan, ddn vi nghien eflu ctia nfldc ta da cd nhflng edng trinh nhfl vay, song cdn rit khiem tdn va chfla dap flng yeu ciiu nghign cflu, theo nghTa la chfla thflc sfl mang linh ehuan hda Cd the' ndi, viec xay dflng cac cdng cu nghien cflu khach quan, chuan hda ve trf tue vii nhan each dg' sti dung tren tre em Viet Nam noi ehung la cip bach, vfla mang y nghia li Iuan, vfla la vin de flng dung thflc tign bdi canh chung ta hpi nhap cang sau rdng vdi thg gidi Trgn day la npi dung nghien cflu cua TLHSP, Rd rang nhflng npi dung nay, mpt lan nfla khing dinh vai trd cua TLHSP trpng Giao due ndi rieng vii dao tao ngudn nhan lflc ehit Ifldng cao ndi chung That vSy, thdi diem chung ta dang sdng rit dac biet khflng chi vi dd la thdi diem khdi diu cua mpt thien nien ki mdi ma vi cd sfl thay ddi mang tinh ban lg trpng ITnh vflc giao due d eho, vigc hoc va day da trd mot khoa hpc hdn la mpt nghe thuat De thflc hien lot viec giao due hoc sinh, giao vien nhat dinh phat hieu rd ve hpc sinh cfla minh, dp dd viec ap dung cac nghien cflu khoa hoc vao cdng viec giang day hpc sinh da va se trd nen mdt nbu eiu thflc tign [10] Cae nghien eflu TLHSP se cung cip nhflng cfl lieu quan dd Ket luan Tuy Cdn la mdt linh vflc nghign cflu npn tre d Viet Nam, ke' tfl ddi, TLHSP ludn cd ging the' hien vai tro cua minh sfl phiit trien giao due Nhflng gi TLHSP da lam dfldc thdi gian qua la ngn tang quan ve If luan va thflc tign de thiic day cac nghign cflu ITnh vflc phat trig'n hdn nfla, cd nhflng dong gop thigt thflc hdn nfla vao sfl nghigp giao due chung cua dat nfldc, dac biet cdng tae diio tao giao vign d cac trfldng sfl pham Trgn day la mot vai suy nght bfldc dau vg eac net ldn nhiem vii cua TLHSP Vipt Nam thbi gian tdi nham phuc vu muc tigu phat trie'n giao due va thflc tiln xa hpi, Viec trie'n khai thflc hien eac nhiem vu nghign eflu khong thg' chi mpt minh TLHSP, mit doi hdi cd sfl phdi hdp chat che, loan dien vdi cac nha nghien cflu tfl nhigu nganh/chuyen nganh khoa hoc khac Ma, quan trpng trfldc het la sfl nd life tfl chinh cac nha nghien cflu TLHSP, bdi, khdng gi cd y nghTa hdn viec Iam cua mdi ngfldi Iai dfldc chia se bdi nhflng ngfldi khac, nhat la bdi nhflng ngfldi khdng phai tfl ciing mpt chuygn nganh 146 Ngliien cifu Tdm If hpc Suphgm vdi cdng tdc ddn tao gido vien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Barkhaev B.P, 2007 Tdm If hoc supham Nxb «Piter», Maxcdva (Ban tigng Nga) [2] Nguygn Hflu ChSu, 2006 Nghien cifu ddnh gid chat lupng hieu qud trie'n kbai dgi trd chifOng trinh, sdch gido khoa mdi edp Tieu hoc vd Trung Iwe cO sd trung phgm vi cd ntfdc Bao cao Dg tin Ddc lap cip Nha Nfldc, ma sd DTDL-2004/23 Vign Chien Ifldc & Chfldng trinh Giao due Hii Ndi [3] Culaghina, Llu 2001 Tdm If hoc su phgm Nxh «Tmng tam sang tao» Maxcdva (Ban tieng Nga) [4] Golovin C l u , 2001 TU diin ddnh dw nbd Tdm li hpe ihue bdnh Nxb "Xarbeet" Minxed (Ban tigng Nga) [5] Hergenhahn B R 2003 Nhap mdn lieb su Tdm If buc Nxb Thdng kg Ha Noi [6] Nguyen Loc, 2001 Kbdi mem rau phdn vd xu ibe i iia Khoa bpe Gido dur Ki ygu Hdi thao Qudc gia vg Khda hoe Giao due Viet Nam Hai Phdng, thang 02/2011 [7] Nguyen Van Luy, Lg Quang Sdn (Ddng ehu bign), 2009 TU dien Tdm If hue Nxb Giad due, Ha Npi [8] Pham Minh Hac, Dang Xuan Hoai (Ddng chti bien), 2002 Hugt ddng giao tiep vd ehdt lupng gidu dtte Nxb Dai hpe Qudc gia Ha Npi [9] Dao Thi Oanh (Chu bien), 2007 Vdn di nhdn each trung Tdm If hpr ngdy Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [10] Robert J Marzano, Debra J Pickering, Jane E Pollock, 2011, Car phucmg phdp dgy hpr bieu qua Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi (Ban dich tigng Viet cua Nguygn Hdng Van) [II] Trin Trpng Thfly (Chu bign), 2006 Cdr cbi sd ed bdn ve sinb If vd tdm If Iwr sinb phd thdng hten Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [12] Trfldng Dai boc sfl pham Ha Ndi, 2010 Nghien rifu vd gidng dgy Tdm li hpr, Gidu due hpc ede trifdng dcd bpe suphgm Nxb Dai hoc Sfl pham Ha Ndi [13] Wallace, Goldstein, Nathan, 1998 P.syehulogy Second Edition USA ABSTRACT Pedagogical Psychology Research in Teacher Education This article makes a general presentation about the concepts, definitions, objectives and contents of pedagogical psychology research as a branch of educational science closely related to pedagogy The article also puts forth some important research contents of pedagogical psychology in order to more effectively serve the current teacher training process in teacher training institutions through laying greater stress on the position and role played by pedagogical psychology research in teacher education and schooling in Vietnam