Tinh dac thu cua ho^t dong sang tao T r i n Vi§t Dung" Tom tat: Sdng tao la hoat dpng ddc tnmg cua ngirdi, la hoat dpng tao cai mdi CO gia tri, hoat dgng giai quyit van de va hoat dpng co myc dich cua ngudi Hoat dpng sang t?io bao gim: chu the sang tao, van di ciia sang tao, moi tnrdng sang tao (cdng cu, phuang ti^n, nguyen Ii?u ciia sang tao), san pham sang t^o Ngudi Vi?t Nam da sdng tao nhidu gia trj vat chat va tinh than to Idn Tuy nhien, boi canh hpi nhap quic te hien nay, ngudi Viet Nam can phat huy hon nua phim chat sdng tao cua minh Tir khoa: Sang tgo; sang tao hpc; cai mdi; gia tri Md dau Sdng tao Id ndng lye d^c bidt mang tinh ddc trung cua ngudi, thd hien khd ndng vugt tigi ciia ngudi so vdi thi gidi loai vdt Bdng lao ddng sdng tao, ngudi dd t^o mpt nen vdn minh rye rd, tao nhiing sdn pham ki di^u ma thidn nhidn hdo phdng ciing khdng the cd dugc Nhiing qud md ngudi dgt duge hidn mpi ITnh vyc (tir khoa hpc cdng ngh§ den kinh te, vdn hda, xd hgi, ) deu Id kit qud cua hogt ddng sang tgo Hi?n nay, sy phat triin manh md ciia khoa hpc vd cdng nghe, nhdt la cdng nghd thdng tin, khien cho nhan ti quyit djnh su phdt tridn ciia cdc quic gia chii ydu khdng phdi la vdn, tai nguydn, ma chu yiu la tri thuc, tiic Id nguin nhdn lye vdi ham lugng tii tu? sang tgo cao Cac quic gia sd khdng the phat tiidn ndu khdng cd sang tgo di tao nhihig sdn phim mdi uu trdi hon Ndng cao ndng luc sang tgo Id nhu ciu cip thiit dii vdi sy tin tgi vd phat triin cua eac quic gia Nghi quyit si 29-NQ/TW ngdy thang 11 ndm 2013 Hgi nghj Trung uong khda XI vi doi mdi can bdn, toan dien gido dye va dao tgo dd ndu rd: "Ddi vdi gido dye dai hpc, tgp trung ddo tgo nhdn lye trinh cao, boi dudng nhdn tdi, phdt trien phdm chat va ndng luc ty hgc, tu lam giau tri thtic, sang tao cua ngudi hpc" Vide ndng cao ndng lye sang tao cho ngudi Viet Nam phu thudc khdng ehi vdo ndng Iyc bam sinh ciia cac ca nhdn, md cdn phy thupc vdo mdi trudng xd hdi Dd tgo dugc mdi trudng xd hdi thuan Igi cho sy sang tgo, chiing ta cdn hieu dugc tinh chdt ddc thii hogt ddng sdng tgo Bai vidt dd cap ddn mpt sd quan niem cua cdc nhd sdng tao hpc vi sang tao hpc vd sang tao 2, Khoa hoc ve sang tao Mdi hi mdn khoa hpc ddu cd qua trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt tiien ciia nd Khoa hpc vd sdng tgo (hay Sdng tgo hpc) khdng phdi Id mdt ngogi 1$ Pappos (nhd todn hpc Hy Lgp ndi tidng sdng vdo khoang ndm 300 Id ngudi ddt nen mdng chinh thiie cho khoa hoc sang tgo), tiong tgp ciia tac phim "Tuyen tdp todn hpc'^ da viet ve mpt bd mdn khoa hgc Id Heuristics (cd gdc Id tir Eureka - tim rdi) Heuristics nghidn ctiu tu sdng tao, cae quy ludt ciia sang tao, cdc phuong phap, qui tic tgo cae phat minh vd sang chi (phdt minh va sang chi d day hiiu theo nghia rgng nhit) Vdi myc '** Th?c sT, Tniirag Dgi hpc Hing hai DT: 0983380138 Email: vietdung.vimaru@gmail.com 41 Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, si 12(97) - 2015 dich nhu vgy, cd thi coi Heuristics chinh la Khoa hgc sang tao hay Sang tgo hpc Sau Pappos, cdc nha khoa hgc dd cd gang tiep tuc phat triin Heuristics d i xdy dyng nd thaiji mpt bg mdn khoa hpc hodn ehinh Trong s i dd, phdi k i din cdc nhd khoa hpc nhu Descartes, Leibnitz, Bolzano vd Poincare Theo hp Heuristics ed nhi?m vy nhan thiic qud trinh giai quyet van de; muc dich cua Heuristics la tim dugc cae quy ludt chung ciia cdc qua trinh didn ngudi suy nghi vd gidi quyit cae van d i ma khong phy thupc vdo npi dung cua chinh cdc van de dd Tuy nhidn Heuristics hay Sdng tao hpc ehi dugc xem xet d nhiing net chung Nd chua phdt huy dugc tdc dyng tiong vi?e ndng cao khd ndng sang tgo ciia ngudi, cho ndn tidn thyc ti, it ngudi biit den nd vd nd dan di vdo Idng qudn G.Polya (nha toan hpc ngudi My gic Hungary) nhgn xet: "Dd Id ITnh vyc nghidn ciiu khdng cd hinh ddng ro rdng Nd dugc trinh bay tidn nhiing net chimg chung, it di vao chi tiet"[l, ti.5] Sau Chien tranh thd gidi thii hai Heuristics dd hdi sinh, chuydn sang thdi ky phdt trien mdi ca chidu rdng lan chieu sau Bit diu tu thdi ky nay, nhiiu trung tdm nghien cuu ve sdng tao hpc ddi va phdt trien Ndm 1954, tgi Bufialo, bang New Yoric, Alex Osbom (tac gid cua phuong phap ndo cdng) thdnh lap Td chiic giao dye sdng tgo (CFF) Ndm 1967, thdng qua ede hogt dpng eua Osbom, tgi dgi hpc Buffalo, Trung tdm nghien ciiu s ^ g tgo (CSC) dugc lap Hi$n My Id nude cd s i lugng eac nhd chuydn mdn, td ehiie hogt dpng nghidn cihi vi sdng tao nhidu nhit thi gidi Tdy Au, ndm 1969 Edward de Bono (tdc gid cua phuong phap sang tgo nhu tu chiiu ngang) dd thdnh lgp Cdng ty nghien cim nhgn thuc d Cambridge vd sau dd la Trung tam nghidn cim tu Tir ndm 1997, tgi Dgi hpc Malta, Edward de Bono dd de xudt vi?c dao tgo thgc s^ v i sang tao 42 d Lien Xd (cii), Ly thuyet gidi cac bai toan sang c h i (TRIZ) G.S.AItshuUer (nha sang chi, nhd van viit truy?n khoa hpc vidn tudng) xay dyng tu nam 1946 Nam 1968 G.S.AItshuUer lien kit vdi Hiep hpi todn lien bang cua cac nhd sang chd va hpp I^ hda lap Phdng thi nghidm nghien ciiu vd dp dyng cdc phuong phap sang chd, din nam 1971 thdnh lap Hpc vien vd sang tgo sdng ehi Phuang Tdy biet den TRIZ chi sau Lien Xd sup dd nhung da tidp nhgn nd mgt each mau le va sau rpng ly thuyit ndy cd nhidu uu diem hon so vdi cac Iy tiiuyit khdc da bidt Ngdy nay, TRIZ da tid thugt ngii qudc td Ci Viet Nam, TRIZ tidp tyc dugc ki thiia vd phat huy Ndm 1991 tai Trudng Dai hpc Tdng hgp Tp Hd Chi Minh, Trung tam Sdng tgo khoa hpc - ky thudt (TSK) doi vd tid thdnh co sd chinh thiic ddu tien d nude ta gidng dgy, ddo tgo vd nghien ciiu ve phuong phdp lugn sang tgo vd doi moi (PPLSTVDM) PPLSTVDM Id phin iing dung eiia Khoa hpc ve sang tao Thang nam 1990, Hgi nghi quoc te nghien ciiu ve sang tgo td chiic tai phd Buffalo thupc bang New York - M? da thdng nhdt d|it tir tiing Anh Creatology cho sang tao hpc Nhu vdy Heuristics la tdn co dien, Creatology la ten hi§n dai ciia khoa hoc sang tao Trong tuong lai, Creatology \i mdn khoa hpc ed trien vpng phat trien mgnh me vi nhu cau cua thdi dgi kinh te tri thiic cin cd nhimg ngudi lao ddng thong minh sang tgo Dinh nghTa ve sang tao Dinh nghia vd sang tao ludn la thao tic tu quan tigng ddu tien d i hieu ve sang tao, su khdc bipt ca ban giGa hogt dgng sang tao vdi cac hoat dgng khdc cua nguoi Tuy nhien, hien dang cd nhiiu dinh nghia ve sang tao Theo L.X.Vugotxki, sang tao la "hoat ddng tao cdi mdi khdng phdn bi?t ket qua Tran Vi?t Dung tao nd ed y nglua hien thyc cy the hay cd y nghTa vi mdt tu - tinh cam" [1, tr.25] Tac gid Diic Uy thi cho ring sdng tgo Id "sy d^t khdi thdnh hdnh ddng ciia mpt san phim lien he mdi me, sinh tir su ddc dao cua mgt ca nhan, va nhung tu lieu biin ci, nhan su hay nhQng hoan cdnh ciia ddi ngudi iy" [2, tt.9] E.P.Torance (My) cho rdng, "Sang tgo Id qua trinh xac dinh cdc gid thuyit nghien eihi chung vd tim kit qua" [l,tt.25] ede dinh nghTa tidn, sang tgo dugc coi Id hogt ddng tgo cai mdi Tuy nhien, ttong thye ti cd nhung cai mdi (gidi phdp mdi, san phim mdi) nhung lgi khdng khd thi, khdng ed gia tri Vi the, theo mdt si tdc gia, hoat dOng sang tgo khdng nhihig tao yiu ti "mdi" ma cdn tgo ydu td "gia tri" Chang han, tiong Tit didn tiidt hpc, sang tgo dugc hiiu "la qua trinh hogt dpng ciia ngudi tgo nhirng gia tri vat chat, tinh thin mdi ve chit Cdc loai hinh sdng tgo dugc xdc djnh bdi ddc trung nghe nghidp nhu khoa hpc ky thugt, to chitc qudn sy Cd thi ndi sang tao cd mdt ttong mpi ITnh vyc cua thi gidi vdt chit vd tmh thin" [1, ti.24 - 25] Tdc gid Phan Dui^ cho rdng: "Sang tgo la hoat dpng tao bit ky cdi gi cd ding thdi tinh mdi va tinh ich Igi" [3, tt.l4] Tdc gid Ld Huy Hodng quan niim ring: "Sang tgo Id qua tiinh hogt ddng eiia ngudi, tidn co sd nhgn thiic dugc cdc quy ludt eua thd gidi khdch quan, tao nen nhiing gid tii tinh thin vd vat chit mdi vi chit, dap ung cac nhu ciu da dang cua xd hgi" [4, tt.39] Theo M.E.Wilson: "Sdng tao Id qud trinh ma kit qud Id tgo nhihig kit hgp mdi can thiet tir cdc y tudng, dgng ndng lugng, cdc don vj tiidngtin,cdc khdch thi hay tdp hgp cua hai - ba eac yiu ti neu ra" [2, tt.27 - 28] Tac gid Phgm Thanh Nghj coi sdng tgo "Id qua Uinh tiin tdi cai mdi, la ndng lye tgo cdi mdi, sang tao dugc danh gid tidn ca sd sdn phim mdi, die ddo vd ed gia tii" [5, ti.28] M^c dii cd sy khdc biit nhdt djnh ttong each hiiu vi sdng tao nhung cac djnh nghTa trdn ddu coi sdng tgo Id hoat ddng tgo cai mdi vd cd gid trj Tuy nhidn, theo mit sd tdc gia sang tgo cd mdi lidn h? mdt thiet vdi gidi quyit vin di, sang tgo can dugc coi nhu Id kit qud ciia hogt ddng gidi quyit van dd J.H.Lavsa (Tiep Khic cu) cho ring: "Sdng tao Id sy lua chpn vd sii dung nhiing phuong tidn mdi, edeh giai quydt mdi" [1, tt.25] ddy, sang tgo Id gidi quyit vin di theo each mdi Trudng phdi Gestal thi lai cho ring "sang tao Id su thdu hidu xudt hien nguai tu nim bit duge nhiing net ehinh ydu ciia van de vd mdi quan he cua ehiing vdi giai phap cudi ciing Sang tgo duge coi la hogt ddng gidi quyet van de ddc trung bdi tinh mdi me, tinh phi truydn thing, su bin bi vd khd khdn tiong hinh tiidnh vin di" [5, ti.27] Dac diem cua sang tfto Sang tao la hogt ddng tao cdi mdi cd gia tri Cai mdi ed gia trj ehinh Id sdn pham sang tgo San phim sang tao bao gid cung phdi cd ydu td "mdi" vd "gia trj" Niu san phdm chi ed "gia tri" md khdng cd ydu td "mdi" thi dd ehi la sy tdi tgo cdi da cd Neu sdn phdm chi cd ydu td "mdi" ma khdng cd yiu ti "gid tri" thi myc dich chu thd khdng thi dat dugc Cac sdn phim sdng tgo (nhu "Truydn Kiiu" cua dai thi hdo Nguyin Du, "Hp thdng bdng tudn hodn cdc nguyen to hda hpc" eiia D I.Mendeleev, "Dinh ly Pitago" eua nhd todn hpc Hy Lgp Pitago, "Ly thuyet qudn ly theo khoa hpc" cua F.W.Taylor, sang chd "mdy hai nuac" ciia James Watt ) ddu ed ydu td mdi va gid trj; ttong dd ydu td mdi Id ndi bgt Gia trj mdi duge tgo tidn co sd cua tu Id san phim sang tgo Tuy nhidn, mgt si san phim dugc tao ed gid tri nhimg yiu ti "mdi" khdng dang ke, hode cd yiu ti "mdi" nhung ydu td gid trj lai khdng dang ki Khi dd that khd danh gid sdn phim iy cd phdi la san phim sdng tao khdng vd hogt 43 Tap chi Khoa hgc xa hpi Vigt Nam, so 12(97) - 2015 ddng tgo sdn phim dd cd phdi la hoat dgng sang tao hay khdng Trong nhiing tiudng hgp khd xdc djnh nhu vgytiiicdn uu tidn yiu ti mdi so vdi yiu td gia tri Ndi cdch khdc, ttong hai yiu ti "mdi" yd "gid trj" thi yiu ti mdi la yiu ti tidu bidu han eho ddc trung eiia sdng tgo _ Sang tao Id hoat ddng gidi quyit van dd ddu ed sang tao thi d dd chic chdn cd van de, d ddu cd vin di thi d dd ed thd dan den sdng tao Sang tgo la nhdm giai quyit van di dat Sang tao Id hogt dpng hudng ddn dii tugng (dii tugng cua van dd) dd yuon tdi diiu cin cd (dd la muc dich eiia vdn dd nhung hidn tiidi chua thi dgt dugc vdi su hiiu biit hi?n thdi) Diiu cin cd chinh Id sdn phim sang tao (ding tiidi Id giai quyit dugc vin di) Tuy nhidn, vi^c gidi quyet van de cd thi la ngau nhien, dd mdch bdo, hoac tdi li?u dua lai Gidi quyet van de mOt each ngau nhidn nhu vdy khdng phdi Id sang tao Vi vay, vdi sdng tgo thi hogt dpng gidi quyit vin dd phdi dugc coi nhu Id kit qud tit yiu cua qua trinh tu cua ngudi Sang tao Id hoat dpng gidi quyet van dd nen ciing la hoat dpng gidi quyet mdu thuan Khi van de dd dugc xdc dinh thi mdu thuan trung tam la mdu thuan gi&a mdt ben Id mong muin cua chii thi nhdn thdc (ehu the mudn biet ldi giai ciia van di, chii thi dd nim bit vd cd khd ndng nim bdt dugc mpt sitiidngtm vi vin dd) vdi mpt bdn la bi in cua khdch thi nhdn thuc Sang tgo la hogt ddng cd myc dich cua eon ngudi Khdng ed myc dich (hay ddng co) thi khdng thd cd hoat dpng sang tgo Myc dich sdng tgo thue diy chii thi hoat dpng tao gid trj mdi Myc dich sang tgo xuit phdt tir nhu ciu cua tiiyc tien xd hpi Nd khdng phdi Id hoat dpng ty phat, hay hoat dpng mang tinh bdn ndng, md la hoat dpng tiong dd chu thi cd y thiic r5 rang vd myc dich cua minh vd tu gidc thye hidn nhi$m vy ma bdn than ddt (mdc du tiong 44 cac giai doan cua sang tao, tidmtiiirc,v6 thiic cd vai trd nhit dinh nhung hoat dgng ty y thure van giii vai fro chu dgo) Khi xet thyc tiln theo nghTa Id hoat dpng cd muc dich nhdm tao nhung san phim (vat chit, tinh than) phyc vy nhu cau ciia ddi sdng thi ed thi ndi ring "sang tao gdn lidn vdi lao ddng, hay sdng tao ehinh Id sy phdn anh ciia tiinh dp khdc ciia lao dpng" [4, ti.38], sang tgo la vi$e dap img nhu eau khach quan eiia thyc tien xa hpi Khi thi chung ta mdi thiy ring sang tgo Id kit qua tit y^u ciia qua trinh tu cua ngudi Nhung bp phan hgp thdnh ciia hoat d$ng sang tao Hoat dpng sdng tao bao gom bg phgn hgp cd mdi quan he chdt che Do la: chu thi sang tgo; vdn de cua sdng tgo; moi trudng sang tgo (bao ham edng eu, phuong tidn, nguyen lipu ciia sang tgo); sdn phim sdng tgo Cd bg phdn tidn bao quat tat ca cac yeu td cd the anh hudng tdc ddng d^n hogt ddng sdng tgo, den ket qud cua s^g tao Niu thidu mdt tiong bp phantienthi boat ddng sang tao se khdng diln hoiic khdng edn Id hoat ddng sdng tgo Ching han, ndu khdng cd sdn pham sdng tao thi hogt ddng cua ngudi chi la hoat dgng gidi quydt vin di chii khdng phdi la boat dpng sdng tgo Trong bp phan dd, chu the sang tao gift vi tri trung tdm cua hoat d$ng sdng tgo; san phim sdng tao Id kit qua cudi cimg cua sang tgo; muc dich ciia van de tgo ndn dinh hudng cua hoat ddng sdng tgo Chu the sdng tgo (ea nhdn hay tap the) giii vai tid quyit dinhteongqud trinh tgo sdn phdm sdng tao Cd the cd rdt nhieu ngudi cimg tgo sdn phim sang tgo Ching hgn, cd nhiing cdng trinh xdy dpg phdi cin din hang vgn ngudi (nhu xay dva% Kim Ty Thap d Ai Cgp) Nhung khong phai tdt cd nhiing ngudi tham gia deu la chii thi sdng tao Chu thi sang tao la nhflng ngudi quyit djnh din sdn phim sdng tao, Trin Viet Dung nhirng ngudi khdc Id nhung ngudi mang tinh chat giiip viec cho ehu the sdng tao d hdu het nhiing sdn pham sang tgo thi y tudng, Idi gidi cua sdn phdm sdng tao ludn la phan quan tigng nhdt, vgy chu thi sdng tgo trudc het phdi Id ngudi tgo ^ tudng, ldi gidi cua san phim Dii vdi nhiing cdng trinh sdng tgo Idn, cd nhiiu h ^ g muc thi chu thi sdng tao Id mdt tdp thi, mdi ca nhdn tdp thi ddm nhan gidi quydt mot vin di Idn tiong he vin dd Vi dy, xay dyng mot edng tiinh Idn nhu dudng hdm xuyen bien thi chii thi sang tgo la tgp the nhiing ea nhan cd nhidm vy xdy dyng dy an, thiit ki cdng trinh, ti chiic thi cdng cdng trinh, tiong dd thiit ki cdng trinh giii vai ttd quan trgng nhit Vdn de sdng tgo theo Phan Diing la bdi todn Id tinh hudng, d ngudi gidi biit myc dich cdn dgt, nhung khdng biet cdch dgt den myc dich, hogc khdng biet each tdi uu dgt ddn myc dich tiong mpt sd cdch dd biet [3, ti.l7] Nhdm tdc gid Nguyen Cdnh Toan eho ring; "Vin dd hay tinh hudng cd vdn de Id tiang thai tdm li Iiing tiing ciia ngudi xuit hien ttong qud trinh nhgn thiie hay ttong hogt ddng thye tien nhu mpt mdu thuan giGa cdi biit vd cdi chua biet, giGa chu tiii vd khdch tiii" [6, ti.92 - 93] Nhu vdy theo hai tac gid tidn, van dd Id tinh hudng hay bdi todn, d dd chii the xdc djnh nhipm vy hogt dgng hudng din dii tugng nhdm dat muc dich nhit djnh (nhung ehua the dat myc dich sy hieu bidt hipn thdi ciia chit the vd cd thi thiiu nhGng ngudn Iyc ve cdng cy, phuang tidn, kj ndng, tdi ehinh ) Dgt dugc myc dich Id gidi quydt dugc vin dd tir dd thda mdn dugc nhu cdu xac djnh Tdt ca nhiing vin de gidi quydt dugc deu dem lgi sdn phim sdng tao Tuy nhien cd nhGng vin di ddi hdi ndng Iyc sdng tgo d muc eao ciia chii thi thi mdi ed thi gidi quyit dugc Do vgy, vin di sdng tgo la vin di khd De gidi dugc vdn dd khd thi nguoi gidi phdi thoat duge each tu Idi mdn, phai cd sy pha each, phaitimra cdch thuc tu mdi Moi trudng sdng tgo (bao ham cdng cy, phuong tien, nguydn lieu eua sdng tgo) la mdt ttong bin bg phgn hgp thdnh ciia hogt dgng sang tgo Mdi tiirdng sang tgo bao gdm toan bd nhung yeu td ty nhien, xa hpi (tgo thdnh mdi trudng sdng cua chu thd) vdn cd dnh hudng true tiep hay gian tiep den hogt dpng sang tgo cua chu the Mdi trudng sdng tgo bao gdm phdn sau: hdu; cdnh quan cd lien quan; tdi nguyen thien nhidn cd lidn quan; he thdng phdp ludt va chinh sdch lidn quan (mang tinh kich thich hay kim hdm sdng tao d nhiiu logi hinh sang tao nhit djnh dudi gdc dO eiia the ehe); he tu tudng xd hpi lien quan (y tiiGe chinh tri, phdp quyen, ttidt hpc, y thuc tdn giao, y thtic dao due ed the kich thich hay kim hdm sang tgo d nhiiu loai hinh sang tgo nhdt djnh); ngudn thdng tin lien quan (hpc thuyet, tu tudng, tu lifu khoa hpc lien quan ddn van dd cua sang tao ); sy anh hudng tryc tidp cua tgp the den chu thd sang tao vd tdm ly (khuydn khich hay cim dodn, khen nggi hay che bai ), ve dieu kipn (thdi gian, tdi chinh, phuong tipn, cdng cu dugc su dung va khai thdc) sang tgo; nhu ciu (van dd) eua thdi dgi, xd hpi hay tap thi (cd thi dnh hudng den ca nhan tao ndn ddng tuc di cd nhan gidi quydt vdn dd ciia cdng ding) Mdi trudng sang tao cy thi dnh hudng din hoat dpng sdng tao cua chu thd nhit djnh theo hai chidu hudng: tich eye (ndu nhu cd tac dyng thuc day sdng tgo, dem lgi hipu qud hon eho chu the qud trinh sdng tao) vd tieu cue (ndu kim hdm sang tao, khdng tao dieu kien thuan lgi eho sdng tgo dgt hieu qud) Di nang cao ndng Iyc sdng tao eua chii thi, chdng ta cd thi tdc ddng vao mdi trudng sdng tgo, tG dd mdi tiirdng sdng tgo tac ddng theo hudng tich cyc din hoat ddng sang tao ciia chu thi Nhu ciu gidi quyet vin di cua xa hpi, ciia thdi dgi s6 45 T?p chi Khoa hpc xa hpi Vigt Nam, so 12(97) - 2015 Id dpng lye thiic diy vipc phdt huy ndng Iyc sang tgo eiia ngudi Dd la nhdn td xa hdi quan tipng d i eon ngudi phat trien nang luc sdng tao ciia minh nhdm gidi quyet vdn d i d^t Chi ddn chu, ty (ndm d phin phdp ludt vd chinh sdch cua nha nude) ddi sdng xa hdi Id didu kien khdch quan eho sy phat huy tidm ndng sang tao ciia nhGng ea nhdn xd hpi Ngugc lgi, che dp dpc tdi, chuydn chd sd la nhan td kim hdm, lam thui chdt kha ndng sdng tgo ciia ed nhan xa hdi Trong hdu het cac hoat dOng sang tgo, ngudi phdi can den nhGng cdng cu, phuong tidn, nguyen lipu de sdng tgo san phim Chu the sdng tgo su dung cdng cy, phuang tipn hay nguydn lipu deu phdi khai thdc, su dyng tu mdi trudng sdng tgo (dudi hinh thuc mua, mugn, xin hay tu tim kiem) Hpa sT khdng the cd mpt btic tranh neu khdng cd gidy (vdi, go ), biit, pham mau Nhd khoa hgc thye nghiem cdn cd nhiing dyng eu thi nghiem Cd nhirng y tudng mdi mdi chi la y tudng chu khdng thi thdnh san phim dugc vi thieu nhting diiu kipn khach quan cdn thiit d i vgt chit hda tu tudng (vdt li^u, mdy mdc, thidt bj) Tuy nhidn, cd hoat dpng sang tao chi thuin ttiy su dyng tri thGc ciia chu thd d i tgo sdn phdm s ^ g tao Vi dy nhu: sang tdc tho, phdt minh djnh Iy tiong toan hpc Sdn phdm sdng tgo Id kit qud cua hoat ding sang tgo, la su ket tinh ndng Iyc sang tgo ciia ehu the ddi vdi vin dd nhit djnh dd San phdm sdng tao Id "cai mdi cd gid trj" San phdm sang tgo phdi t i n tai dudi m i t hmh thdi nhit djnh (jiinh thai vgt chit hay hinh thdi tinh thin); "nd dugc luu lai tiidi gian" dudi mpt hinh tiiGc nhdt djnh khien cho ngudi ed thi khai thdc gid trj cua nd khdng ehi mpt lin Ket luan Ddn tpc ndo it nhiiu cung diu cd tinh sang tgo Ddi vdi ddn tpc Viet Nam, sang tgo Id mpt nhCng phim chit nii bgt 46 Nghj quydt Hgi nghi l i n thG Ban Chap hdnh Trung uong Ddng (khda VIII) da cW nhGng phim chdt eo bdn eua ngudi Viet Nam Id: "long ydu nude ndng nan, y chi ty cudng dan tgc, tinh thin doan kit, y thdc cgng ding gin kit ca nhan - gia ^nh lang xa - Td qudc; ldng nhdn di khoan dung, trpng nghia tinh, dao ly, due tinh cSn cu, sang tao ttong lao dpng; sy tinh te tiong Gng xG, tinh gidn dj lii sing" [7, ti.56] Trong cac phim chat cd phim chit sang tgo hay sang tgo ttong lao dpng Ngudi Viet Nam da sang tgo nhiiu gia tri vat chit va tinh thin to Idn Tuy nhidn boi cdnh ddi mdi vd hgi nhap qudc td hign nay, ngudi Vidt Nam can phdt huy hon niia phdm chat sdng tao ciia minh Dd lam dupe dieu dd can cd nhidu didu kien Vide nhan thuc diing ddn nhiing van de ly ludn cita sang tao hpc Id mdt dieu kidn can thiit de khoi day vd phat huy ndng lye sdng tao cua ngudi Vipt Nam Tai lifu tham khao [1] Huynh Vdn Son (2009), Gido trinh Tdm li hpc sdng tgo, Nxb Gido dye, H^ N0i [2] Due Uy (1999), 7am ly hpc sdng tgo, Nxb Gido dye Ha Npi [3] Phan Dung (2010), Gidi thi$u phuang phdp lugn sdng tgo vd doi mdi, (t.l bp sach Sdng tgo vd ddi m&i), Nxb Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh [4] Le Huy Hodng (2002), Sdng tgo vd nhStig diiu ki?n chu yiu de kich thich syr sdng tgo cda ngudi Vi^t Nam hi?n nay, Nxb Khoa hpc x3 hpi, Uk Npi [5] Pham Thanh Nghj (2012), Gido trinh Tdm ly hpc sdng tgo, Nxb Dgi hpc Quic gia Ha Ngi, Ha Npi [6] Nguyin Canh Toan, Nguyin Vdn Le, Chau An (2004), Khai dqy tiem ndng sdng tgo, Nxb Giao dye, Tp Hi Chi Minh [7] Dang Cpng sdn Vigt Nam (1998), Vdnki^ti Hpi nghi Idn thu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang Ddng khda VIII, Nxb Chinh tij quoc gia, Hd Ndi