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DAO D JC XA HOI CUA THANH NIEN TS NguySn Thj Hoa Gidm ddc Trung tdm Tdm ly hgc idig dung, Vien Tdm ly hgc T O M TAT Cd the lim hieu dgo diic xd hpi cita nien qua suy nglu, thai dp, cdch ilng xit cdc hogt dpng xd hpi ciia hg Trong bdi viet ndy, chung ldi lim hieu dao ditc ciia nien qua mpt sd hogt dpng xd hpi nhU: hogt dpng ung hp nhimg ngudi gap khd khdn, hoan ngn: hogt dpng hien mdu nhdn dgo Qua cdc hogt dpng tren ctia lhanh nien cho thdy: khdch the nghien cifu ndy cd dgo ditc xd hpi tdt Hdu het lip deu tham gia cdc hogt dpng xd hpi vdi ddng ca nhdn dao nhimg dpng ca khdc chi Id phu, ldm ldng them linh tich cue ctia ho Tir khoa: Thanh nien: Dgo ditc xd hpi: Hogt dpng xd hpi: Dgng ca hogt dpng Ngdy nhdn bdi: 16/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/2/2013 Thanh nien la nhOng ngudi cd vai trd quan trgng dd'i vdi tUdng lai, vin menh cua d i n tdc, c i a d i t nude Tuy nhien, hg cd g i n h v i e dugc trgng trich dd hay khdng cdn phu thugc v i o nhidu yeu td, dd ed dao diic ciia ho Hien nay, v i n dd dao du:c cua nien ndi chung, dao diic x i hdi e i a hg ndi rieng r i t duge quan tam C i c ludng du luan xa hdi danh g i i dao du:e xa hdi c i a nien theo nhidu chidu hudng k h i c Trong bai vidt n i y , chung tdi mud'n trinh bay ket q u i nghien cihi mdi nhat vd dao du:e xa hdi ciia nhOng ngudi tre tudi thdng qua cae hoat dgng xa hdi c i a hg, vdi mong mudn cung ci'p them mdt c o sd dd nhin n h i n vd dao dOe xa hdi cua nien hien K h a i n i e m t h a n h nien va d a o dure xa hgi ciia thajih nien / / Khdi niem nien Tir gdc p h i p luit, theo didu I, L u i t Thanh nien nam 0 : nien I i cdng d i n Viet Nam tir mudi siu tudi de'n ba mUdi tudi Theo quan diem nay, cd hai tidu chi dd x i e dinh mdt ngudi Viet Nam l i nien, dd la: cdng d i n Viet Nam v i cd tudi theo quy dinh Theo Tu: didn T i m Iy hgc Vu Dung c h i bien (3), thie'u nien la mdt giai doan eua cudc sdng, bit dau tit day thi cho de'n c o the phit TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 47 tridn diy d i vi trudng Trong thdi gian nay, d cic ca nhin cd nhiing thay ddi chu ye'u vd mat sinh ly, hinh "cii tdi" cd hd thdng; hinh anh cua co thd, tinh due, nghd nghiep la nhOng vi'n dd dugc quan tim Tic gia Le Huong, bii vie't: Mdt sd net tam Iy dac trung cua Ilia tudi nidn (5) eho ring, Wa tudi nien la lOa tudi tir khoang 14 de'n 18 (ed thd edng trit ddn tudi hai ngudng); d giai doan niy, "cii tdi" cd ti'nh he thd'ng, the' gidi quan dugc hinh thinh, xua't hien cam nhin "ti'nh ngudi ldn" cia ban thin BS Nguydn Khic Vien cung cho ring, khd xac djnh dut khoit gidi han tudi nidn, nhung mdt cich tuong dd'i, cd thd ndi tudi nidn bit diu tir sau lOa tudi thidu nien, tOc sau 14 - 15 tudi vi "den luc trudng thinh" (7) Tir nhimg ed sd tren, bai vie't nay, chung tdi xic dinh: nien Viet Nam Id nhimg ngudi Viet Nam dang ddp tudi til 16 den 35: hg dang a giai dogn cd site khde the chdt cung nhu tinh tre trung, ndng dpng dgt den dinh cao, ben cgnh dd, hg vdn cdn mpt sdhgn che thieu trdi nghiem xa hdi 1.2 Khdi niem dgo ddc xd hpi cda nien Til gdc dd triet hgc, dao dile dugc dinh nghTa nhu sau: dao dOc la mdt hinh thai y thie xa hdi,.Ii tip hgp nhiing nguyen tic, qui tic, ehufa mirc xa hgi, nhim didu chinh cich danh gii va each Ong x i cua ngudi quan he vdi va quan he vdi xa hdi, dudi tie ddng cia nidm tin ea nhin, sOc manh eia truydn thdng vi sOe manh cia du luin xa hdi (6) Theo TO didn Tim ly hgc (Vu Dung chi bien), dao dOe cua ngudi la nhOng phim chit td't dep cia ca nhan hay nhdm, bieu hien d hinh vi phu hgp vdi eie quy chuin, chuin muc xi hdi (3) Chung tdi cho ring, dgo ditc ciia nien Id nhftng phdm ehdt tdt dep cua nien, bieu hien a suy nghi, thdi dp vd cdch itng Kit eua ho quan he vdi bdn thdn, gia dinh, xd hpi vd vt'ri mdi trudng thien nhien, phii hap vdi nguyen tdc, quy tae, chudn mice xd hpi Dgo ddc eiia nien chiu sU tdc dpng cua sit gido due gia dinh vd xd hdi, ctia du ludn xd hpi vd niem tin ciia hg Trdn co sd dd, cd thd ndi: dgo ditc xd hpi ciia nien Id nhiing phdm ehdt tdt dep ciia lhanh nien, bieu hien a suy nghi, thdi dp vd cdch itng xit cita hg quan he vdi xd hpi (quan he vdi nhi'tng ngudi khdc xa hpi vd cac mat ddi sdng xd hpi) phu hcqj vdi nguyen tdc, quy tdc, ehuan muc xd hpi TO dd, cd thd tim hidu dao dOc xa hdi cua nien qua suy nghT, thai dd, each ung xO eua hg cic boat dgng xa hgi khic Trong bii vie't niy, chung tdi tim hidu dao dilc cua nien qua boat dgng iing hg nhOng ngudi gap khd khan, hoan nan; hoat ddng hien miu nhin dao 48 TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 Khach the va phuong phap nghien cmi dao dure xa hoi cua nien Dao dOc xa hdi cua nidn la mdt nhiing ndi dung nghien cOu cia dd tai: Dao dilc, Id'i sd'ng cia nien Viet Nam hien nay, mdt nhdm can bd nghien cim cua Vien Tim ly hgc, thudc Vien Khoa hoc xi hdi Viet Nam tien hinh nam 2011 - 2012 De thuc hien nghien eim nay, nhOng ngudi nghien cOu di sir dung ket hdp mgt sd phucmg phap cia khoa hgc xa hdi: nghien cim tai lieu, didu tra bing bang hdi, phdng vi'n siu, quan sat, dd phuang phip didu tra bing bing hdi duge su dung nhu mdt phUdng phap ehinh cho vide thu thap sd lieu thuc te Didu tra bang bing hdi duoc tie'n hanh tai tinh va phd: Thai Nguyen, Ha Ndi, thinh phd Hd Chi Minh vi Tidn Giang, tren sd lugng khich thd Ii 724 nien Sd lieu dugc xir ly bing chuong trinh SPSS Bdng I; Ca cdu mdu khdo sdt dinh luang Ccf sd phan nhom Nhom Gidi tinh Nam 274 37,8 NO 402 55,5 18 tudi trd xudng 253 34,9 TO - 2 tudi 205 28,3 Tren 22 tudi 218 30,1 THPT 256 35,3 Trung cip 53 7,3 Tudi Trinh dd Tinh trang viec lam Khach the co thdng tin Sd luang Ty le % CD, DH trd len 368 50,8 Chua di lam 442 61,0 Dang di lam 243 33,6 Khach the thie'u thong tin So' luong Ty le % 48 6,6 48 6,6 47 6,5 39 5,4 Mpt dieu ddng luu y dddy Id su hgn che nhdt dinh eiia mdu nghien citu Vd nguyen tic thidt ke' nghien cOu, miu nghien eim dugc lua chgn theo phuong phip ngiu nhien phin ting Tuy nhien, thdi gian tien hinh didu tra bing hdi, ed nhidu nien da dugc lua chgn khdng thd tham gia tri ldi bing hdi vdi eie ly khic nhau, hg da dugc thay the' bdi nhiing nien khac - TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 49 nhOng ngudi sin sing tham gia tri ldi bang hdi Vt vay, mdu nghien citu nghieng ve nhi'mg nien tich cite, dieu dd khidn ket qud nghien ciiu cd the khdng mang tinh dgi dien eho nidn Viet Nam ndi chung, ma chi phin inh dao dOc xa hdi cua nhdm khich thd nghien cilu eua chiing tdi Phin tfch ke't qua nghien curu thllc te ve dao dufc xa hgi ciia nien - Dgo dilc xa hpi eiia nien dugc thd hien qua hogt dpng ddng gdp ling hp ngitdi nghe}o, ngUfti gclp khd khdn, hogn ngn TO nam 2000, Uy ban Trung Udng Mat trin Td qudc Viet Nam da tie'n hinh cudc van ddng "Ngay Vi ngudi ngheo" tren pham vi ea nude va quydt dinh li'y ngiy 17 - 10 hing nam li "Ngiy Vl ngodi ngheo" Trong gin 12 nam, "Quy Vi ngudi ngheo" cia ci nude da phit huy truydn thd'ng doan ke't, nhan ii eia dan tdc, huy ddng sOc manh eia ca he thd'ng chinh tri va xa hdi chim lo, giup dd ngudi ngheo mdt each thie't thue Ben canh dd, sau nhOng su kien thien tai, su ed rii ro bit ngd cudc sd'ng, nhidu co quan, td chOc vi ea cic ci nhin cung da kjp thdi thirc hidn boat ddng quyen gdp, ung hd nhOng nan nhin gap hoan nan XM% -Sf D Khdng dong gop D C6 dong g6p Bieu 1: Ty le nien tren todn mdu tham gia hogt dpng ddng gdp ling hp ngucri gap khd khdn, hogn mm Cic td chOc xa hdi cia lhanh nien Viet Nam (Doan Thanh nien Cdng sin Hd Chi Minh, Hdi Thanh nien va Hdi Sinh vien) la nhiing ddn vj da tich cue hudng img cic cudc vin dgng niy bing each td chuc hoat ddng quyen gdp ing hd ngudi ngheo vi ngudi gap hoan nan, tao co hdi dd nidn tham gia hoat ddng, thd hien tim long nhin ai, biet chia se khd khan vdi nhiing ngudi khdng may Didu dd dugc phan inh qua ke't qua nghien ciiu dudi diy: 50 TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 Hiu het nidn trdn toan mSu nghien cOu (95,9%) da tham gia cic boat ddng ddng gdp ing hd ngudi nghdo, nan nhin thidn tai, ngudi cd hoin canh dac biet (bidu dd I) Tuy nhien, sir tham gia hoat ddng niy cia cie nhdm nien khdng ddng ddu nhau, ma khae cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (bang 2) Bdng 2: Hdnh dpng itng hp nhifng ngifdi gap khd khdn, hogn ngn ciia cdc nhdm nien khde Cac nhom nien Cic nhdm Co sa phin nhom Trinh dd hoc va'n Tinh trang viec lam THPT Hoat ddng ung hd ngudi kho khan (%) Da ling hd* Chua ling ho P 5,9 0,00 94,1 13,2 Trung cip 86,8 CD, DH trd len 98,5 1,5 Da di lam 92,9 7,1 Chua di lam 97,4 2,6 0,00 Trong eae nhdm cd trinh dd hgc vi'n khac nhau, nhdm cao ding, dai hgc trd len di tham gia ddng gdp nhidu nhit, trii lai, nhdm trung cip - ddng gdp it nhit, cic nhdm theo tinh trang vide lim: nhdm chua di lim ddng gdp nhidu hdn nhdm da di lim Trong nhOng nam gin diy, khdi cic trudng cao dang, dai hgc la noi xui't hien va Ian toa rdng Idn nhit hiu he't cic phong trao hoat ddng xa hdi Doin Thanh nidn td chOe, vi d dd cd nhidu didu kidn thuin Igi dd tridn khai boat ddng (doin vidn, nien cd trinh dd, cd didu kidn thdi gian, nhiet tinh, hang hai, ning ddng, tap trung sd lugng doan vien, nien ldn ) Dd'i chidu vdi dac didm khich thd cia nghien cOu cho thiy, nhdm tich cue tham gia hoat ddng niy hdi tti hiu hdt nhttng tieu chi cia sinh vien (ed trinh dd tO eao ding, dai hgc trd len, ehua di lim vi dang sd'ng thinh thi) Nhu viy, ke't qua nghidn cOu vd hoat ddng ddng gdp cua nidn diy, mdt gdc nio dd, di phin inh dung hoat ddng thuc td - Ddu Id nhrmg dpng ca ehinh thiic ddy nien ddng gdp iing hp nhOng ngitdi ngheo, nhOng ngitdi gap khd khdn, hogn ngn? NhOng thinh tuu nghien cOu tim Iy hgc khing dinh: mdt hoat ddng cia ngodi cd thd duge thiie diy bdi nhidu ddng CO khic (mdt he thdng ddng eo), dd, ed dgng cd chi'nh, ddng co phu, ddng cd true tidp, ddng Cd gian tidp, ddng cd trUde mil, ddng co lau dii Tuong tu, boat ddng TAP CHiTAM LYHOC, Sd3 (168), - 2013 ddng gdp, ung hd ngudi ngheo, ngudi gap hoan nan cua nien cung dugc thuc diy bdi nhidu ddng cd khac (mud'n giiip dd, chia se khd khin vdi nhung ngudi gap khd khan, hoan nan; vi thinh tich ea nhan, vi theo phong trio ) Kdt qui nghien cOu cho thiy: ddng CO mudn giiip dd nhiing ngudi gap khd khan, hoan nan - ddng co dao dOc - la ddng eo chi'nh thuc diy hoat ddng cua hiu hdt nien (99,2% ddng y ring hg tham gia boat ddng vi su thudng cam, mudn chia se khd khan vdi ngudi khic, sd dd, 86% ddng y vdl mOc eao nhit - "Hoin toin ddng y") Ben eanh dd, thinh tich ci nhin vi ti'nh phong trio cung li nhOng ddng CO thuc diy khdng It nidn tham gia hoat ddng (ty le tuong ting lin lugt li: 52,4% vi 44,3%) GiOa cic nhdm nien khac nhau, khdng cd su khic biet dang kd vd ddng CO dao dOc boat ddng nay, nhung cd su khic ro ret d cac ddng CO khic Bdng 3: Dpng caddng gdp img hp ngitdi khd khdn ciia cdc nhdm khdc Cic nhom nien Trinh dd Tudi Tinh trang viec lam Vi tich ca nhan (%) THPT 47,8 Trung cap 39,5 CD, DH trd len 57,6 18 tudi trd xudng 54,6 Tir 19 - 22 tudi 54,0 > = 23 tudi 50,9 Da di lam 48,4 Chua di lam 54,1 P Vi phong trao(%) P 37,8 0,05 46,5 0,02 49,9 36,9 0,62 44,6 0,01 53,9 50,0 0,01 42,1 0,03 Cd su khic biet rd ret giua nhdm chua di lam vi nhdm da di lim vd ddng CO vi tich ea nhan: nhidu ngudi nhdm chua di lim dugc ddng CO thuc diy hon so vdi nhdm (ty le lin lugt tuong Ong: 54,1% va 48,4%) (bang 3) Cd su khic biet ro ret giua eac nhdm cd tudi khic nhau, cd hgc vi'n khac nhau, cd tinh trang viee lam khic vd ddng co vi phong trao Nhdm cd trinh cang cao, cing cd nhidu ngudi hon tham gia boat ddng vi tinh chit phong trio (bang 3) Tuong tu, nhdm nien tudi cing cao, cing cd 52 TAP CHI'TAM ly HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 nhidu ngudi dugc thiie diy biii ddng co hdn cic nhdm khac (ty le tuong Ong theo nhdm tudi tO thip den eao la: 36,9%, 44,6% vi 53,9%); nhdm da di lam eung cd nhidu ngudi vi ddng co niy hon nhdm chua di lim Tuy nhien, nhirng ddng co cd thd xem nhu nhOng ddng co phu, lim tang them tinh tich cue cua hg Didu dd duoc thd hien rit rd qua y kien eua mdt sd nien N.T.Ng (nil sinh vien nam thO 2, Dai hgc Khoa hgc xi hdi nhan van thinh phd Hd Chi Minh) noi: "Sinh vien chiing em rdt thieh tham gia cdc phong trdo Dodn, Hpi Sinh vien td chuc vi chimg em thdy duge y nghia quan trgng eua ede phong trdo ndy Mdi sinh vien chitng em chi bdt chiu chi tieu vgt ciia minh, nhung ciia ddng ngitdi gdp Igi se duac mpt sd lien Idn de giiip da nhiing ngudi khd khdn, hodn cdnh neo dan, Chiing em dang khoe ire, viec cho di mpt it mdu khdng dnh hudng den sifc khoe eiia ehiing em md Igi cd the cdu ehiia cho nhiing ngifdi bi benh hiem ngheo - dd Id viec ldm phuc Them vdo dd, nhdn duge nhifng ldi khen nggi, dpng vien, cd qud cita ban id chuc hogc tap the ehi dodn cung ed them thdnh tich, chiing em cdng thich thu vd tu hao ve bdn thdn" Hoac mgt ein bd Doin d Tidn Giang (Nam, 27 tudi) ed nhin xet: "Em cdm nhgn rdng cdc bgn dodn vien, nien tham gia cdc hogt dpng dng hp ngifdi ngheo, hidn mdu, giitp dd cpng ddng ehii yeu vi mudn ddng gdp mpt chut edng site vd vdt chat ciia minh eho nhiing ngudi khd khdn, hodn cdnh khdng may mdn Nhifng em cdng biet cd Igi khdng mudn viee Idm eiia minh dugc ngudi khdc nhin nhdn, dugc khich le, dpng vien vd ed qud, co phdn thudng edng vui" Nhu vdy, hiu he't nien da tham gia hoat ddng ddng gdp, ung hg ngudi ngheo, ngudi gap rii ro cudc sd'ng, xua't phit tO ddng co thuong cam, mud'n ehia se khd khan vdi ngudi khic (dgng co dao dOe) Bdn canh dd, boat ddng cia hg cdn dugc thue day bdi mgt sd ddng co khic, mang tinh bd trg, lam tang them ti'nh tich cue cua hg - Dgo ditc eita nien mdi quan he vdi xd hpi dugc the hien qua hogt dpng hien mdu tinh nguyen Trudc thuc trang khan hiem miu cia ngin hang miu dinh cho nhOng benh nhin mic benh hidm ngheo vi gap tai nan, rii ro cudc sdng, ngiy O'? thing nam 2000, Thi tudng Chi'nh phi da ky quydt dinh vd viee vin ddng va khuydn khich nhin din bie'n mau tinh nguyen (Quydt djnh 43/2000 QDTTG ngiy 07 thing nam 2000) (2) TO dd, d nude ta, phong trao hien miu tinh nguyen, cOu ngudi da trd thinh mdt phong trio xa hdi cd y nghia nhan dao eao ca; cing ngiy, cang cd nhidu ngudi dan tham gia Tuy nhien, phong trio cho miu, hidn mau chua trd mdt phong trao xi hdi truydn thdng cia Viet Nam (ndu khdng mud'n ndi edn mdi) nhu mdt sd phong trao khic (vi du, phong trio ddng gdp ing hd sOc lao ddng, tidn, cia eai va ea tinh than), dd, kdt qui eua phong trao niy cdn chua cao, mdt bidu hien cu the la sd ngudi tham gia edn han chd TAP CHiTAM ly HOC, Sd (168), 3-2013 53 Thanh nidn Ii nhung ngudi nhay ben vdi cii mdi, hoat ddng eua hg nhu thd nao? Ke't qua nghien cOu cho thi'y: mdi chi 1/4 nidn miu nghidn cOu da tham gia bie'n miu nhan dao Nhu vay, so vdi phong trio boat ddng xa hdi trdn, phong trao cdn qui It nidn tham gia Tai ty le nien tham gia boat ddng cdn ban chd nho viy? Bieu dd 2: Ty le nien tham gia hien mdu nhdn dgo Tim hidu nguydn nhin din de'n su ban chd ve sd lugng ngudi tham gia hidn mau nhin dao ndi chung va su han chd cia nien ndi rieng, cho thi'y cdn nhung bit eip vd mat td chOc tridn khai, cung nhu vd mat tam ly cia nhan dan Nhirng bit cip dd li: ThO nhi't, cdng tie tuyen truydn vd hien mau thuc su sau rdng cgng ddng, nhan thdc cua nhan dan vd y nghTa phong trao la td't, nhimg nhidu ngudi edn ban khoan, lo lang vd hau qua sau cho miu dd'i vdi ban thin vi ngudi thin cua hg ThO hai, nhidu dgt vin ddng hidn mau tinh nguyen, giai doan tidp nhin miu chua dugc thuc hien td't: trang thie't bi, can bd chuyen mdn ehua dip Ong yeu can ciia viec tridn khai tiep nhin mau (ci ve sd lugng, trinh chuydn mdn, cung nhu thii dd vdi ngudi hien miu), dia didm chua thuan ldi vdi nhidu ngudi mudn hidn man (8) Rieng ddi vdi doan vien, nien tre, hinh ddng hien mau cua hg edn chiu anh hudng ldn cia gia dinh Trong nhidu trucmg hgp, vi lo ling cho sOc khoe eia ngudi thin, nhidu gia dinh da ngan can hanh ddng hien miu eia nidn: "Cd nhifng trucmg hgp dodn vien nien tinh nguyen hien mdu, dd thue hien xong qud trinh thif, xet nghiem mdu nhung vi gia dinh khdng hieu dd ngdn cdn" (9) 54 TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, Sd (168), - Bdng 4: Ty ie nien tham gia hie'n mdu nhdn dgo theo cdc tieu chi khdc Co sd phan nhom Cac nhdm 18 tudi trd xudng Tudi Hgc va'n Tinh trang viec lam Da tham gia hie'n mau Sfilugng Ty le % P 5,2 13 TO 19 - 22 tudi 86 37,9 > = 23 tudi 76 35,7 FTTH 26 10,3 Trung ea'p 11 21,2 CD, DH trd len 134 34,7 Da di lam 74 31,7 Chua di lam 100 21,6 0,00 0,00 0,00 Cd so khic biet rit ldn gifla cie nhdm nien khac vd ty 16 tham gia hien miu tinh nguyen (bang 4) Nhdm nien 18 tudi trd xudng vi nhdm cd trinh dd THPT (theo hgc vi'n) li hai nhdm cd ty le ngudi hidn miu It nhi't Trii lai, nien d hai nhdm tudi ldn hon va nhdm nien cd trinh dd hgc vi'n cao nhit cd ty Id ngudi tham gia eao nhi't Ddi chie'u vdi die didm eua cic nhdm khich the tham gia nghien cOu cho thiy, da sd nidn cd trinh dg hgc vi'n phd thdng, tudi 18 trd xudng ddu roi vio nhdm hge sinh Idp 12 Nhung nidn dang li hgc sinh cud'i eip phd thdng, nhidm vu quan trgng cua cic em la phai tip trung cho hgc tap, sOc khde cua cac em la yen td rit dugc quan tam Co le ydu td hoan canh da lam ban chd viec tham gia hie'n miu tinh nguyen cua cac em NhOng ddng co nio da thdi thuc nien hien miu tinh nguyen? Nhin thOc ring hidn miu tinh nguyen la nghia cu nhin dao, nghia cu cao dep, hien miu eOu ngudi da trd thinh ddng cd cia ban hdt nien (98,3%) tham gia hoat ddng Tuy nhien, hoat ddng hien miu eua nidn khdng chi dugc thOc day bdi ddng cd nhin dao, mi cdn bdi cic ddng co khac: vi tich ea nhan, vi phong trao vi ci loi ich kinh td (lin logt toong Ong la vdi ty le 72,2%, 63,4% vi 52,2%) TAP CHi TAM Ly HOC, Sd (168), 3-2013 55 DTinhnh^ndao D Ihanh lieh c^ nhan D T i n h phong Irao a Difyc nhan Ihu lao Bieu 3: Cde dpng ca hien mdu tinh nguyen ciia nien Cac ddng co thdi thuc hinh ddng hidn man cic nhdm khae nhu thd nao? Ddng cd nhin dao cd y nghTa khic ro ret vdi hoat dgng hie'n mau cia cic nhdm cd tinh trang viec lim khic nhau: nhdm di lim ed ddng ngudi duge thuc day bdi ddng co hon nhdm chua di lam (ty le lin lugt tuong ung li 83,5% vi 75,8%, p = 0,015) "Vi ti'ch ci nhin" va "vi phong trio" cung li hai ddng CO hinh ddng hie'n miu eua nhidu nhdm Giua cic nhdm cd dd tudi khic nhau, nhdm 19 - 22 tudi dugc dgng co "vi thinh tieh ci nhin" thuc day nhieu hon bin so vdi cie nhdm tudi khac Giua cac nhdm cd trinh hgc vi'n khac nhau, nhdm cao ding, dai hgc trd len ed nhieu ngudi dugc thiic diy bdi cic dgng co hon cic nhdm cd trinh khic Giua cac nhdm ed tinh trang cdng viec khic nhau, nhdm chua di lim cd nhidu ngudi hidn miu vi thinh tich ca nhin ban nhdm da di lim Ddng CO dugc nhin tidn bdi duong cung cd y nghTa khic biet ro ret dd'i vdi mdt sd nhdm Ddi vdi cic nhdm tudi khac nhau, nhOng ngudi 18 tudi trd xudng hien mau vi thu lao chiem ty le ldn nhi't, nhdm tO 23 tudi tro len - chiem ty le tha'p nha't Qua dd, cd the ndi: tudi cung li mdt yeu td Iim tang them su chin chin cic boat ddng cia nien Trong cic nhdm cd trinh hgc vin khae nhau, nhdm cd trinh trung cip cd ty le ngudi hien miu vt dugc nhin tidn thip nhi't, trii lai, d nhdm cao dang, dai hgc - ty le cao nhi't 56 TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 Bdng 5: Mgt so dpng ca hie'n mdu cua cdc nhom nien khdc (theo %) Cac nhom Tudi Hoc va'n Viec lam 18 tudi trd xudng V) thinh tich ca nhan Khong Dung P dung 41,3 58,7 19-22 28,5 71,5 Dong CO hie'n mau Vi phong trao Khdng dung Dung 21,1 78,9 0,04 13,1 86,9 P 1,33 Duoc nhan bdi duimg Khdng Dung P dung 42,8 57,2 46,7 53,3 42,6 =>23 40,5 59,5 18,6 81,4 57,4 THFT 46,4 53,6 24,0 76 49,2 50,8 Trung cap 53,3 46,7 19,1 80,9 53,3 46,7 DH.CD 27,3 72,7 13,1 86,9 46,2 537 Chuadi lam 32,4 67,6 15,9 84,1 44,7 55,3 Da di lam 46,5 55,1 44,9 0,00 21,9 78,1 0,02 0,05 0,06 0,00 53,5 0,00 0,00 Nhu vdy, ty le nien nghien eOu tham gia vao hoat ddng hien miu khdng Idn Su han che dd chiu inh hudng cua nhidu ye'u td khach quan Hiu het nhOng ngudi hien miu ddu vi gia tri nhan dao - hien mau cOu ngudi Tdm Igi, thdng qua cic hoat ddng xa hdi: ddng gdp ing hd ngudi ngheo, nan nhan thidn tai, hoan nan vi hidn miu tinh nguyen, cd the ndi ring, nhung tlianh nien nghien eOu niy ed dao dOc xi hdi td't Hiu he't hg ddu tham gia vio hai boat ddng niy vdi ddng cd dao dOc: cd long thuong cam, mudn chia se khd khan, mud'n giup dd, mang lai didu tdt dep cho nhung ngudi rii ro, ho^n nan Bdn canh dd, nhOng ddng ed khic da lam tang tinh ti'ch cue hoat ddng cua hg Tai lieu tham khao htlp://www.dangcongsan.vn/cp\', Nghi qiiyei sd 25-NQrTW 25/7/2008 ciia Ban Chip hanh Trung uong vd tang cudng su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cdng tac niSn http://ww»thuvicnphaplual.vn, Qityei dinh 4312000/QD-TTg vd viec van ddng va khuye'n khich nhan dan hie'n mau tinh nguyen Vu Dung (chu bien), Tif dien Tdm ly hgc, NXB Khoa hoc xa hgi Viet Nam, Ha Ngi, 2008 TAPCHITAM Ly HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 Minh Hing, Pham Duyen, Bdc Ho vdi viee gido due dgo diic cdch mgng cho dodn vien, lhanh men, llllp://www.Cjdld.\ii, 2012 Le Huong, Mpt sd net Idm ly ddc trung ciia Ufa ludi lhanh nien lmir//\\\\\\ uiinlvlloc iiLJ Dinh Nggc QuySn, LS Nggc Quydt, Hd Thi Thao, Gido trinh Dgo ditc hgc Mdc Lenin, hHp://vvww.Cn\.('ii;, 2009 Nguydn Khic Vien, Tdm ly nien, liltp://www.nl-foundation.com liltp://www.chinhphu.vn/porlal/pagc/ponal/chinhphu/congdan/DuThaoVanBan, Quyet dinh Ve viec phe duyel Chien luge Phdt trien eong tdc van dpng hien mdu, linh nguyen giai dogn 2009 - 2015 vd ldm nhin 2020, hllp://w\vw.baohalinh.Mi/honic/y-lc-suc-kli()c/vaii-dong-hicn-mau-linh-nguyen-phatnhung-chua-dong 58 TAP CHITAM Ly HOC, Sd (168), - ... ngucri gap khd khdn, hogn mm Cic td chOc xa hdi cia lhanh nien Viet Nam (Doan Thanh nien Cdng sin Hd Chi Minh, Hdi Thanh nien va Hdi Sinh vien) la nhiing ddn vj da tich cue hudng img cic cudc... dai hgc la noi xui't hien va Ian toa rdng Idn nhit hiu he't cic phong trao hoat ddng xa hdi Doin Thanh nidn td chOe, vi d dd cd nhidu didu kidn thuin Igi dd tridn khai boat ddng (doin vidn, nien... cao, mdt bidu hien cu the la sd ngudi tham gia edn han chd TAP CHiTAM ly HOC, Sd (168), 3-2013 53 Thanh nidn Ii nhung ngudi nhay ben vdi cii mdi, hoat ddng eua hg nhu thd nao? 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