Thái độ của nông dân đối với việc thu hồi đất nông nghiệp của nhà nước

THAI DO CUA NONG D A N DOI VOI VIEC THU HOI DAT NONG NGHIEP CUA NHA NUOC PGS.TS Nguygn Thi Minh Hang Trttdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xd hpi tk Nhdn vdn - Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Npi ) TOM T A T Bdi bdo trinh bdy ldm ldi kid qud nghien citu ve Ihdi dp cua ndng ddn ddi vdi chinh sdch thu hdi ddt cita Nhd nude the hien d cdc mat ca bdn id: a) Ddnh gid cita ngudi nong ddn ve elm truang, chinh sdch thu hoi ddt ndi chung, ve cdc khdu qud ninh ti-ien khai thifc hien thu hdi ddt d dia phuang, mdc den bu ddt; chinh sdch hd trg tdi dinh cu vd chuyen ddi nghe nghiep cho ndng ddn sau bi thu Itdi ddi: mu dich sif dung ddt sau bi thu hdi: b) Tdm ttgng chit dgo ctia ngucti ndng ddn sau kh hi thu hdi ddt vd chimg kie'n hieu qud cda viec su dttng ddt dd thu hdi; c) Cdc hdnh dpng cu the cita ndng ddn qud Irinh Ihuc hien chinh sdch Ihu hdi ddi: dj Cdc ye'u id dnh hifdng den thdi dd cda ndng ddn ddi vdi chinh sdch thu hdi ddt Ttt khoa: Chinh sdch Ihu hoi ddi; Thdi dp cua ndng ddn; Tdm trgng eita ndng ddn; Hdnh dpng cita ndng ddn Ngdy nhdn bdi: 10/12/2012; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/1/2013 Trong thdi ky edng nghidp hda - hidn dai hda (CNH - HDH) dang didn nhanh chdng trdn pham vi ca nude nhu hidn thi cdng cu sin xuit quan nhit cila ngttdi ndng dan li rudng dit dang din din trd ndn It di Dd la mdt thuc td Theo bio cio ciia Hdi Ndng dan Viet Nam, mdi nam ca nude cd gin 200.000 rudng dat ndng nghiep hi chuyen ddi mue di'ch su dung Theo dd, udc tinh mdi hd gia dinh ndng dan cd \.!> ngudi mit viee lam Do vSy, chi'nh sach thu hdi da't cua Nhi nude da thu hut duge su quan tam ciia ddng (jao ting Idp ndng dan Cau hdi ma chung tdi quan tam la ngudi ndng dan cd thai de nhu thd ddi vdi chi'nh saeh thu hdi dit ciia Nha nude hidn nay? Dudi gdc cua khoa hoc tam ly, thai duac hieu la he thd'ng cic tam the, mong dgi va dinh httdng eiia mdt ca nhan hay nhdm xa hdi, thdng qua ca nhan/nhdm nhin nhan va danh gia the gidi xung quanh; thai dd quy dinh xu hirdng phan ttng cua ei nhan/nhdm va dugc the hidn thdng qua nhan thtt'c, xue cam va hanh vi ctia ho 38 TAP CHiTAM Lt HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 Trong nghidn ciiu nay, thdi dp ciia ndng ddn dd'i vdi chinh sdch thu hoi ddt ndng nghiep cua Nhd nude duac hieu Id he thdng cdc tdm the, mong dai, dinh hucfng va su ddnh gid ciia ndng ddn vi' chinh sdch thu hSi ddi ciia Nhd nude, bieu hien thdng qua nhdn thiic, xitc cdm, hdnh vi ctia hp va cd idc dt4ng quy dinh xu hudng phdn idtg ciia ho nhiing tinh hud'ng cu the lien quan din qud trinh thu hoi ddt Vdi each hieu ndu tren, thai dd ciia ndng dan dd'i vdi chi'nh saeh thu hdi da't eiia Nha nude duge danh gia trfin ba mat: * Nhan xet, danh gia eiia ndng dan dd'i vl chi'nh sach thu hdi da't eiia Nha nude va thuc te viee thuc hien thu hoi da't d cac dia phuong * Tam trang ciia ndng dan dd'i vdi chi'nh saeh thu hoi dat ciia Nha nude cung nhu viec thuc hifin ehinh sach tren thuc td' * Nhimg hanh vi ciia ndng dan lien quan de'n viec thue hien ehinh sach thu hdi dat Ngoai ra, nhihig yeu td anh hudng de'n thai ciia ndng dan dd'i vdi chii trucfng, chinh sach thu hdi da't ciia Nha nude cung se dugc phan tieh M U khach the va phuong phap nghien cutu Nghien ciiu dugc tien hanh tren 1.840 ngudi (trong dd cd 1,810 ndng dan va 30 can bd huyen, xa) d tinh: Thai Binh, Quang Nam, Tiin Giang Day la ba vung trdng lua diem ciia mien BSe, Trung, Nam, dong thdi nhiing noi day da va dang diln qua trinh dd thi hda kha manh Khao sat thue liln duge tidn hanh tii thang 11 nam 2011 de'n thang nam 2012 Dl nghien cihi thai dp eiia ndng dan dd'i vdi chinh sach thu hdi dat ciia Nha nude, chiing tdi sii dung phd'i hgp cac phuong phap nghien cuu: phuang phap sir dung bang hoi, phuong phap phdng va'n sau, phuong phap thao luan nhdm Ke't qua nghien curu Nhdn xet, ddnh gid cua ndng ddn ve chinh sdch thu hoi ddt cua Nhd nude vd thuc te viec thuc hien thu hoi ddt d cdc dia phuang Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, cd 50,9% sd ngudi dugc hdi khdng dong tinh vdi quan niem "rupng ddt Id ciia ddn, cha dng de lai, khdng co quyen thu hdi, ke cd Nhd nuac" Nhu vay, cd thi ndi nhirng ngudi ndng dan da nhan thiie diing ve luat phap lien quan de'n dat dai Ben canh dd, cd 33,1% sd ngudi ndng dan dugc hdi ddng tinh vdi quan diim "rudng dat la ciia dan, cha dng dl lai, khdng cd quyen thu hdi, ke ca Nha nude" Thuc ra, nhan thuc nhu vay la chua diing vdi luat phap ciia nude ta va chua phil vdi Igi ieh ehung cua Qudc gia ciing nhu xu the phat trien eua da't nude bdi Dieu va Dilu Luat D^t dai nam 2003 quy dinh rd "Ddt dat thupc sa hiat todn ddn TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 39 Nhd nude dai dien chu sd hOu" vi "Nhd nude thdng nhdt qudn ly ve ddt dai:' Nhu vay, Nlia nude cd quydn quydt dinh miic di'ch sil dung da't, quy dinh vd han mtte giao dit va thdi han stt dung dit; quyd't dinh giao dit, eho thue di't, thu hdi dit, eho phep ehuydn mue dich stt dung dit; dinh gia dit Tuy nhien, cd mdt thue te khach quan la nhidu nOi tren dit nttde ta, viec mdt sd can bd ed ehttc quydn va cd tham quydn, edng tie bCi may Nha nttde da vi pham chfnh sich quan ly nha nude vd dit dai nen da gSy khdng it bttc xue eho ngudi dan ndi chung vi ndng dan ndi ridng Thdm vio dd, edn phai kd dd'n mdt nguydn nhan khae ntta dan dd'n ty Id kha ldn ngudi dan nhan thtte chua dung vd ehii trttong, chi'nh sich cua Nha nude la LuSt Dit dai hien hanh (2003) chua quy dinh vi giai thich rd mdi quan he gitta "sd httu toan dan vd dit dai" vi "Nha nude thd'ng nhit quin ly dit dai" Nhung didu da duae cae dai bidu Qudc hdi ndu ldn rit nhieu cic ky hop Qude hdi nam 2012, dac bidt li ky hop thtt tu vtta qua (22/10 - 23/11/2012) Thuc te cho thiy cdng tic tuyen truydn vd chii truang, chinh saeh eung nhu eae van ban phap luit lien quan ddn dit dai cua Nha nude dd'n vdi ngttdi dan edn rit han chd Theo sd lidu thu dugc ttt khao sat thuc tidn, 80,3% sd ndng dan dugc hdi ddng y ring "Nha nude thdng nhit quan ly dit dai, giao cho dan stt dung, ein thie't Nha nttde cd thd thu hdi"; sd cdn lai khdng ddng y nhtt vay Cd thd ndi, nhttng nam gin day cd fit nhidu vin dd sinh lidn quan dd'n dit dai ndi chung va viec thu hdi dit ndi rieng, nhtmg mdt nhiing vin dd gay bttc xue nhit dd'i vdi ndng dan vi cung la mdt nguydn nhan hing diu gay cac vu khid'u kidn lau dai va ddng ngudi la vide ddn bu cho nhttng ngucri bj thu hdi dit Kd't qua nghidn cuxi eho thiy cd dd'n 66,1% y kid'n ngttdi dSn hodn todn khdng ddng y vdi each thtte ddn bu theo kidu "Nha nude ddn phttOng dua eae mtte ddn bu eho ngudi bi thu hdi dit, 19,9% sd y kid'n khdng ddngy nhieu han ddng y, chi cd 8% so ngttdi dttge hdi ddng -y vdi each don phtttjng dinh mtte ddn bii dit ttt phia Nhi nttde Nhtt vay, da sd ngttdi ndng dSn dugc khao sat khdng ddng tinh vdi each thtte den bu dit ma hg khdng dugc tham gia y kid'n Chinh vl thd, cd ddn 95,3% sd ndng dan dugc hoi cho ring "Nhd nude edn trao ddi, bdn bgc vdi ngudi ddn ve mdc din bu ddt cho ho" Nhtt trdn da ndi, qua trinh hidn thuc hoa mue tieu cdng nghiep hoa - hien dai hda thi dd thi hda la mdt xu hudng tit ydu, khdng thd dao ngttgc Qua trinh dd thi hda d nttde ta da dem lai nhidu Igi ieh eho dit nude va ngttdi din Cu thd, bd mat dd thj dep hon, md rdng hon, khang trang hon, hd thd'ng giao thdng va ting co sd dugc nang eip va hidn dai hda, tao didu kidn giao thucmg thuan Igi gitta eae dia ban khac nhau; ngudi tian cd thdm nhidu vide lam mdi, ed thu nhap eao han va nang eao dugc chit lugng cudc sd'ng Tuy vay, qui trinh dd thj hda eiing ed nhidu mat trii eua nd nhu suy thoai vd mdi trudng, can ki?t tai nguydn, bie'n thii van hda truydn thd'ng, bie'n dibng ddi sd'ng tinh thin cua ngudi dan Cd the ndi, mdt nhiing dd'i tugng bi anh hudng ldn 40 TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 nhit ttt qui trinh dd thi hda la ngudi ndng dan bi mit da't Trong tinh hinh ehung dd, nhidu ngudi dan nhan thtte dttge ring qua trinh dd thi hda li mdt xu thd tit yd'u, Nha nude phai thu hdi mdt sd didn tieh dit dd phuc vu cho nhung muc tidu CNH - HDH cua da't nude, nhung eung cd mdt bd phSn ngudi dan chua that thiu hidu y nghTa va tim quan trgng eua vide thu hdi dit Ket qua nghien cttu thuc tidn cho tha'y hon 80% sd ngttdi dttge hdi ed nhan thtte dung vd y nghTa va tim quan trgng eia chinh sich thu hdi dit cua Nhi nude Hg cho ring, ehinh sach thu hdi dit "giup day nhanh qud trinh CNH - HDH md cda vd hpi nhdp vdi qude ti", "ldm cho nude ta nhanh chdng thodt khdi ngheo ndn, lgc hdu" "ldm eho kinh te nude ta phdt trien nhanh vd ben vdng theo hudng Men dgi" Tuy nhien, bdn canh dd cd khoang gin 20% sd ngudi dugc hdi cdn ma hd ve f nghia va tim quan trgng cua chinh sach thu hdi dit eua Nha nttde Bdng 1: Ddnh gid cua ngudi ndng ddn ve mdc dp cdn thiet cua viee thu hdi ddt ndng nghiep ddnh eho cdc muc dich khde Muc dich thu hoi dat Rat cin thiet Can thiet Can thiet nhieu hon Khong can thiet nhieu hon Hoan loan khong can thiet DTB Xay dung khu cOng nghiep 33,9 43,2 12,7 7,8 2,4 3,99 xay dung nha may chfi' bife'n nong san 34,6 42,4 15,8 5,3 1,8 4,03 xay dung cac cOng uinh giao thOng an ninh qudc phong 45,9 37,7 12,7 3,2 0,4 4,25 Xay dung trung tam thuong mai 15,7 30,3 21,5 21,0 11,5 3,18 xay dung c6ng vien khu vui choi cho c6ng ddng 18,8 20,0 23,8 23,3 6,2 3,30 xay dung khu tap th^ cho cOng nhan, nha cho ngucri thu nhap tha'p 20,9 25,2 19,1 23,5 11,3 3,21 xay dung trucfng hoc, bSnh vien 57,8 27,5 11,3 2,8 0,7 4,39 Xay dung cac khu thi, chung cu cao cap 0,6 2,4 6,1 20,7 70,2 1,42 xay dung san van dOng danh cho c6ng ddng 17,9 30,5 18,9 23,7 8,9 3,25 10 xay dung san golf, nha hang, khach san 11 Chia 16, ban lai dai 0,3 1,4 1,8 9,3 87,2 1,18 0,8 1,3 2,3 1,6 88,0 1,19 Ghi chd: DTB cdng cao thi cdc not dung dugc ddnh gid la cdng cdn thiel va ngugc Igi TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 41 Cd su khae bidt ri't ldn danh gia cua ndng dan vd su ein thie't ciia nhttng muc dieh stt dung di't sau thu hdi Cd 85,3% sd ndng dan dugc hoi eho ring "Xdy trudng hge, binh viin" la mue tieu cin thidt hang diu (85,3%, DTB = 4,39); mue dich stt dung ein thidt thtt hai la "Xdy dung cdc cdng trinh giao Ihdng, an ninh, qudc phong" - cd 83.6% ndng dan eho li rit ein thid't va cin thid't (DTB = 4,25); tidp dd li ddn cae du in nhu "Xdy nhd mdy ehi biin ndng sdn" (77% ndng dan eho la cin thid't, DTB = 4,03); "Xdy khu edng nghiep" (77,1% ndng dan eho la rit ein thid't va cin thid't, DTB = 3,99) Ngttgc lai, ed nhung muc dieh stt dung dit thu hdi ttt ngudi dan ma ndng dan eho li hoin loan khdng cin thid't nliu "xdy sdn golf, nhd hdng khdch sgn" (87,2%, DTB = 1,18); "chia Id hdn Igi ddt" (88%, DTB = 1,19); "xdy dung cdc khu Ihi chung eu cao edp" (70,2%, DTB = 1,42) Nhung muc dich stt dung dit ma ndng dan eho li khdng cin thid't phin ldn la nhttng dtt in, khdng thid't thuc vdi cudc sdng cua ngudi ndng dan Trdn thue td, nhttng du in nhtt vay mgc ldn rit nhidu d cac vung ven dd d cac dia phuang vi rit nhidu sd dd la nhttng dil an treo, gay ling phi rit Idn Nhu vay, qua nghidn eun niy ehung ta thiy da sd ndng dan da hidu ring chu truang thu hdi da't eua Nha nude li cin thid't ddi vdi cdng cudc CNH HDH dit nttde Ndng dan cho ring, Nhi nude thu hdi dat dd stt dung vio mot sd miic tidu quan trgng hang diu phuc vu ddi sd'ng dan sinh (xay benh vien, trudng hgc) hoac phit tridn kinh te (cic edng trinh giao thdng, khu cdng nghidp) hoac cae edng trinh an ninh, qudc phdng li rit cin thiet; dd, hg khdng ddng tinh va tham ehi la phan dd'i vide thu hdi dit dd xay cae khu chung cu eao cap, xay cie san golf, xay nhi hing/khach san vi cho la khdng cin thid't, khdng thid't thuc vdi cudc sdng ciia hg, tham ehi la gay khd khan va ed hai cho cudc sd'ng eua hg Tdm trgng cda ndng ddn ddi vdi chinh sdch thu hdi ddt cua Nhd nude cung nhu viec thuc hiin chinh sdch ndy tren thuc te Trong sd 1.840 ngudi dttge didu tra ed 430 ngudi bi thu hdi dat Kd't qua nghidn cttu vd xue cam cua nhdm ndng dan sau bi thu hdi dit thd hien bing sd Bang sd lidu eho ta thi'y tam trang noi trdi nhit ctia ngttdi ndng dan sau bi thu hdi da't la "bdn khodn, lo lang vi mat dd'i khdng cd nghe gi thay thi" (DTB = 3,39) nhidu noi, ngudi ndng dan ehua kip vui mttng nhan dugc sd tidn den bu thi da budn lo vi nai hg dugc chi'nh quydn bd tri tai dinh cu khdng du eae dieu kidn thie't yd'u dd sd'ng va sinh hoat: thidu dit de eanh tie, thieu dudng giao thdng, thidu nude, thidu trttdng hgc clio tre em, thidu cic eo sd y Id Day la mdt thiie trang kha phd bidn d nhidu dia phuong trdn ca nude Do vay ma bi thu hdi (lit rdi ndng dan "budn vui lin ldn" (DTB = 42 TAP CHiTAM LV HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 3,24) Tidp theo dd, "Hoang mang, lo ldng khdng biit ldm gi vdi sdddt it di cdn lai" (DTB = 3,11); "Cdng thdng, mil mdi" (DTB = 3,11) Nhttng xue cam trdn ddu la nhttng xue cam tidu cue, nang nd ma ngudi ndng dan trai nghidm Cd thd tha'y ring, mac du phin ldn ndng dan nhan thtte dugc ring vide thu hoi dit cua Nha nude hay Vide hg phii nhudng mdt phin hay tit ca rudng dit, nha ctta cua minh dd phuc vu eho sir nghiep chung ciia dit nude, cua dia phudng la tit ydu nhung hg vin cam tha'y nang nd vi hoang mang, lo ling cho cudc sd'ng sau bi thu hdi Kinh nghiem thuc tidn cho thiy, d dia phuang nio chinh quyen lam tdt edng tic tuydn truyen eung nhu ddn bu dit dai, hd trg vide chuydn ddi nghd, hd trg chd dinh ett mdi, thttdng xuyen tham hdi/ddng vidn ngttdi dan thi hg se yen tam va bdt lo ling cho tttOng lai ciia ban than va gia dinh Ngugc lai, nhttng dia phuong lim khdng td't dieu se lam cho ngudi dan hoang mang, lo ling, bi quan cho tuong lai Song, trdn thuc te, nhidu dia phuong da khdng lam td't cdng tic Bdng 2: Tdm trgng cda ndng ddn sau bi thu hdi ddt (%) Tam trang Rat dung Dung Cd phan dung Cd phan khong dung Hoan loan khdng dung Pha'n khoi vui ve vi dugc den bu mdt khoan tidn ldn 13,8 7,0 18,4 27,9 32,9 2,4 Tu hao vi da tao didu kien thuan loi di Nha nude thu hdi dat 10,2 10,0 30,7 30,7 18,4 2,6 Bai binh trudc hien tuong Ung xii chua dan chu, chua cdng bang viec thu hdi dat d dia phuong DTB 24,7 19,2 18,5 9,5 28,2 3,0 Bai binh trudc hanh vi bi chup mu chdng dd'i 10,8 18,5 U.3 10,6 48,8 2,3 Ban khoan, lo lang vi mat dai khdng cd nghe gi ihay the' 14,4 34,4 35,6 7,2 8,4 3,39 Hoang mang, lo lang khdng bidt lam gi vdi sd dat it 01 cdn lai 14,2 26,5 26,0 23.5 9,8 3,11 Vui budn lan ldn 17,7 29,0 23,1 20.3 9,9 3,24 , Cang thang, mdt mdi 13,1 36,0 13,6 23.9 13,4 3,11 Ghi chu DTB cdng cao tin ldm Irgng cdng ro Trong cic cudc phdng vin cua ehung tdi vdi ndng dan tai eac dia ban didu tra cd nhung cau chuydn dugc kd lidn quan dd'n vide mdt sd ngiudi dan TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 43 khieu kidn vi thic mic vi ed nhttng bidu hidn chua dan ehu, chua cdng bing vide thuc hidn chinh saeh thu hdi dit Didu cung thd hidn bing cac sd sau day; cd 43,9% ndng dan duge hdi cho ring hg bit binh va bttc xiic trttdc hidn tttgng "dng xii chua ddn ehu, chUa cdng bdng viee thu hdi ddt a dia phuang" (DTB = 3,0) "Phdn khdi vui ve vi duae den bu mol khodn tien Idn" va "Ttf hao vi dd Igo dieu kien ihudn li/i de Nhd nttde thu hdi ddt" la nhttng tam trang it gap ban d ngudi ndng dan bi thu hdi dit so vdi nhttng xiic cam am ti'nh da phan tich d trdn Khi ngudi dan chip hanh bin giao lai dit ndng nghidp eho Nha nude la hg da chip nhan hy sinh quyen Igi ridng tu dd phuc vu cho nhttng mue di'ch chung cua dil nude va loan dan tdc Vi vay, tam trang, xue cam cua ndng dan cdn phu thugc vao vide muc di'ch thu hdi dit cd dugc thue hidn khdng Ne'u nhttng muc dich thu hdi dit dugc thuc hien nghidm tuc nhu da thdng bao ban diu va chung thtte su la nhttng edng trinh phuc vu die lue eho cdng cudc CNH - HDH thi ndng dan se ydn tam va tin tudng vao chinh sich cua Dang vi Nha nude Ngttgc lai, neu nhttng mue dieh ban diu khdng duac thtte hidn trdn thuc te ma thu hdi dit de ehuydn sang nhung muc dich khac nhu xay nhi d, chung cu cao cip hoac chia Id de ban va thu Igi nhuan gap nhidu lin so vdi mtte den bu eho ndng dan thi hg se cam tha'y bat binh, phin no hoae budn ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^•44 Ty le % 1 ^ 7j7 i '^ 196 1 11 • RAI bu6n G Bu6n nhi^u han VUI QVuibudnlSnlOn • Vuinhi^uhffn buon D R^t VUI mirng Bieu 1: Xiic cdm ciia ngucfi ndng ddn kht chung kien hieu qud cua vice si'f dung ddt dd tliu hdi (%) Nhu vay, tren thuc te, ty le ngucri nong dan cam tha'y buon chimg kien hieu qua thu hoi dat chiem den 44,2%; biuSn nhieu hem vui: 17,1%; chi co II,4% so ngu&i duac hoi cho biet la hp vui va 19,6% vui nhiiu han buon vi dat bi thu hoi duac su dung dung muc di'ch; Dieu gi iam cho cam xue buon lai bao triim len tam trang ciia ngudi nong dan chirng kie'n hieu qua sii dung dait da thu h6i? Mot n6ng dan cho bie't: "Nghe noi Id ddt bi thu hoi semd rang dudng 44 TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, So (167), - 2013 giao thdng vd xdy khu cdng nghiep gi Con cdi chiing ldi se duac di lam nhd mdy cua hp Mdy ndm trudc thdy hp dua mdy ve san mat hdng, ddo xdi gi rSi thdi Mdy ndm ddt vdn de dd chua thdy Idm gi cd Chting tdi xin hp cdy lam khoi xdt ddt nhung xd noi khdng dugc Khdng biet bao gid ho mdi ldm vd Idm cdi gi d dd" Do cung la m6t thuc te diln kha nhieu dia phuong hien nay, tao nen nhiing du an treo nhu chung ta van thucfng nghe phan anh tren cac phuang tien thong tin dai chung O mpt sd dia phuong khac thi da't sau da thu h6i lai bi chuyen ddi muc dich sir dung so vdi muc dich thong bao ban ddu cho ngu6i dan Ket qua nghien cuu neu tren cho tha'y tam trang n6i troi nha't ciia ngucfi nong dan bi thu hoi da't la lo lang, tham chf la hoang mang vl khong bie'l lam gi de song da't da bi thu hoi ma nghe nghiep m6i thi chua co Hcfn the, gdn mpt nijfa sd nong dan duac dieu tra cam tha'y biic xiic vi co nhiJng iing xii chua c6ng bang, dan chii dia phuong qua trinh thuc hien viec thu hoi da't; hp buon va xot xa vi da't thu hdi bi sir dung sai muc di'ch so vdi muc dich da dupc thdng bao ban dau Nhitng hdnh vi cda nong ddn lien quan den viec thifc hien chinh sdch thu hoi ddt Thai dp ciia nong dan ddi v6i chu truang, chfnh sach thu hdi dat ciia Nha nude ciing nhu viec thuc hien chii truang cua chfnh quyen dia phuang cac cap bi^u hien ro nha't thdng qua hanh ddng ciia hp Chiing toi tim hi^u van de thdng qua hanh dpng cua ngudi dan ca trudc va qua trinh thirc hien thu hdi da't Theo do, hanh vi ma ngudi dan thuc hien nhieu nha't la "Tham gia cdc budi hpp ciia chinh quyen vi' thu hoi ddt" (DTB = 4,25); "Tim hieu nhCfng vdn bdn CO liin quan di'n chinh sdch thu hdi ddt" (DTB = 4,1) Dd la nhiing hanh vi tfch cue, phan anh su quan tam ra't ldn ciia ngudi dan ddi vdi chfnh sach thu hdi da't ciia Nha nude va qua trinh trien khai chfnh sach dd tai cac dia phucfng Dieu de hieu bdi nhiing ngudi ndng dan duoc hdi la nhiing ngudi cd dat bj thu hdi, vay chfnh sach dd anh hudng true tiep de'n cupc sdng va tuong lai ciia hp va gia dinh hp Ben canh dd, hp cung thudng xuyen "thuyet phuc ba ldi xdm chap hanh chu truang, chfnh sach thu hdi da't ciia Nha nude", khdng thd a, lanh dam vdi nhiJng viec xay xung quanh minh Nhu vay, ngudi ndng dan da cd nhieu hanh vi tfch cue de hudng iing chu truang thu hdi dat cua Nha nude, ddng thdi giam sat viec thuc hien chinh sach tren thuc te va hp cung khdng ngan ngai da'u tranh cho quyin lai cua ban than va cong ddng; hp nhan thay viec triin khai chfnh sach thu hdi da't diing phap luat, ho lai la nhihig ngudi tfch cue di van dpng ba ldi xdm chap hanh chinh sach cua Nha nude Ket qua khao sat cho tha'y, noi trpi nha't la nguyen nhan "Do ngucti ddn TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC, So (167), - 45 khdng duae gidi ihich rd vi chu truang thu hdi ddt cua Nhd nude" (DTB = 4,28) Co mdt thuc td la d nhidu dia phttong, tridn khai chfnh sach thu hdi da't, ngudi dan khdng dugc thdng bio ehi tidt va cdng khai ta't ca mgi thdng tin lidn quan Didu ddi la su tie trich cua chi'nh quydn vi eae cin bd dia phttOng ed thim quydn thu hdi dit da khdng ph6 bidn, tuydn truydn giai tht'ch eho dan bidt, nhtmg eung cd luc lai la su chii y cua hg nhim lam cho ngudi dan "thie'u" thdng tin dd dd gay nhttng rie rd'i, phttc tap cho cdng vide cua hg Mdt nguydn nhan rit quan trgng thtt hai din dd'n khidu kidn la "Do khdng cd chinh idch hd trg ngudi ddn tdi dn dinh cupc sd'ng sau thu hdi ddt" (DTB = 4,02) Theo cliii truong cua Nhi nttde, nhttng ngttdi dan bi thu hdi da't phai dugc ehinh quydn bd tri tii dinh ett va phai dam bao cho cudc sd'ng cua hg cao han hoac bing noi d cu Tuy vay, trdn thuc td rit it ngttdi dan bj thu hdi dit 'dugc dam ijao quydn Igi chinh dang vi mang tinh phip ly Chang han, d khu tai dinh cu thuy dien Ban Ve (Thanh Chuong, Nghd An), ngttdi dan c6 dugc xay nhi d nhung vi khdng cd ngudn nude sinh boat (chtta ndi ddn nude sach), khdng cd trudng hge, khdng cd eae ea sd y td' vi dac biet li khdng ed dit dd canh tic m i ngudi dan thi khdng bidt lim nghd gi khic Do vay, ngttdi dan bd cac khu tii dinh ett de quay vd noi d cD du noi d cu khdng cdn nha ctta va rudng vudn nhtt trudc nua Rit tide, thtte trang nhu vay khdng chi didn le te mdt vai noi mi nd lai kha phd bie'n d nhidu dia phuang trdn ci nude Theo sd ndng dan dugc didu tra, hai nguydn nhan cung dung d vi tri thtt ba (cung cd DTB = 3,93) din de'n khid'u kidn vd dit dai la "Do viec thu hdi ddi khdng dung muc dich" va "Do chinh sdch den bu ddt ehua thda ddng" Ca hai ly eung la nhttng hidn tttgng phd bien d nhidu dia phuang qua trinh thtte hidn chinh sich thu hdi dit Chinh quydn dia phuang va nhttng ngudi cd tham quydn thu hdi dit thdng bao cho dan ring thu hdi dit nhim miiC dich xay eae cdng trtnh cdng cdng hoac xay cie khu edng nghidp, nha miy va htta hen eho em ndng dan vio lim tai eae nha miy dd Tuy nhidn, sau da hoan tit vide thu hdi dit thi ngudi ta khdng gitt ldi htta nhu ban diu, thay vi xay nhi miy, hg lai chia dit thinh cic Id de ban lai vdi gii eao, thay vi xay bdnh vidn hay trudng hgc, ngudi ta lai xay nhi ehung ett Hidn tugng gii ddn bu dit dai cho ngudi dan thi re nhu eho, dd dit dai thu hdi dugc cua ndng dan lai dugc chia Id bin vdi gia eao gip ea tram, tham cht la ngin lin Didu khdng cdn li nhttng hien tugng ridng le nua ma li mdt thue trang eung bid't Nhutig nguydn nhan khieu kidn khic nhtt "Do viec chua ddn chd cdng bang thuc hiin chinh sdch thu hdi ddt" nhan dugc su ddng tinh eao ciia ngttdi dan (DTB: 3,85) Trong tjui trinh thuc hien chi'nh sich thu hdi dit, Luat Dit dai nam 2003 da bdc Id nhidu bit cap va nhidu ke hd ed the bj Igi dttng 46 TAP CHI'TAM ly HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 Bdng 3: Nhitng hien tuang da diin qud trinh thu hoi 6i ddt d cdc dia phuang (%) TT Cac viec l^m da di^n Diing Khong dung Chfnh quySn don phucmg dmh gill d€n bh Chinh quy^n c6 b&n viSi ndng dfln v^ giS d^n btl nhung chi 111 hinh thiic 37,0 39,6 63,0 60,4 Chinh quydn trao cho ngudi bi thu h6i dai mOt khoan tidn ddn bil, h6 Irq nhung khiing c6 k^ hoach hudng din b^ su dung hcfp 1^ 40,1 59,9 Chinh quydn, doin thd ban bac vdi dan rai ki vd gia ddn bu, vd cic kd hoach ho tra chuydn ddi nghd nghidp Ddn bil cho ngudi bi thu hdi dai vdi gia tha'p, sau nha th^u dem ban vdi gia cao dd thu ldi nhuan Co su thdng ddng ciia mdt s6 ke co hdi vdi chi'nh quydn chid'm dai cdng ban kid'm 161 45,8 54,2 38,8 61,2 36,7 63,3 Ngttdi ndng dan dugc hdi cho bid't cic hidn tugng dugc kd tren day ddu da didn d dia phuong hg d eae mtte khae O mdt sd noi ngttdi dan dttge thdng tin diy du, chi'nh quydn ed ban bac ky vdi ngudi dan vd gia ddn bu, vd kd hoach hd trg tii dinh cu, hd trg ehuyen ddi nghd nghidp 45,8% sd ngudi duge hdi eho li nhu vay Tuy nhidn, ty Id chua phai la cao Nhin chung, nhttng hinh ddng khdng dttng vdi quy dinh eua vide trien khai thu hdi da't nhu "Chinh quydn trao cho ngudi bi thu hdi dit mgt khoan tidn ddn bii, hd trg nhtmg khdng cd kd hoach hudng din bi eon stt dung hgp ly"; "Chi'nh quydn ed ban vdi ndng dan vd gii den bu nhttng chi li hinh thtte"; "Den bu eho ngudi bi thu hdi dit vdi gii thip, sau nhi thiu dem bin vdi gii cao dd thu Igi nhuan"; "Cd su thdng ddng cua mgt sd ke co hdi vdi chinh quydn chid'm dit cdng bin kiem ldi" ddu didn d cic dia phuang ma chung tdi didu tra Dd chinh li nhttng mim mdng din ddn cic vu khieu kien vd dat dai phd bidn nhttng nam gin day Cdc yeu td dnh hudng den thdi dp cda ndng ddn ddi vdi chinh sdch thu hoi ddt cua Nhd nude Dua vio nhttng kd't qua nghidn cilu da dugc phan tieh d trdn, ehung ta nhan thiy ndng dan da bdc Id kha thing thin thii dd cua hg vd chii truang, ehinh sich thu hdi dat vi qui trinh tridn khai thuc hidn chi'nh sich dd trdn thtte te d eac dia phuang Cung theo nhan dinh eua ndng dan thi ed nhidu yd'u td anh httdng dd'n thai dd eua hg dd'i vdi cae vin dd ndu trdn TAP CHI'TAM ly HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 47 Biiu dd 2: Cdc yeu td dnh hudng din thdi dp eua ndng ddn ddi viri chinh sdch Ihu hdi ddt (DTB) Ghichu Cac chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude vd thu hdi dai Cach thiic t6 chiJc Ihuc hidn cac chi'nh sach ciia Dang va Nha nude thu hdi dtft Su tuydn truydn cua cac phuong tidn truydn Ihdng dai chung vd chinh sach thu hdi dat Su tich cue cua chi'nh quydn dia phucmg dd'i vdi vide thu hdi dai Su thoa dang eUa chinh sach ddn bu Ke xa'u xuydn lac chfnh sach thu hdi dat Nhan thUe cua ndng dan vd chfnh sach Ihu hdi dai Phong tuc, tap quan dia phucfng Nidm tin vao chfnh sach thu hdi dat ciia Dang va Nha nude Theo dd, nhttng yen td inh httdng nhidu nhat den thai eua ndng dan ddi vdi chinh sich thu hdi dit li "Su khdng thod ddng eiia ehinh sdch den bu ddt" (cd 83,6% ndng dan dttge hdi ddng tinh vdi didu niy, DTB = 4,41); "Cdc chinh sdch eua Ddng vd Nhd nude ve thu hdi ddt" ed nhttng didm quy dinh ehua rd rang va sat vdi tinh hinh thue tidn cung la mdt yd'u td anh hudng quan trgng (78,3% ndng dan ddng tinh, DTB = 4,15); "Su tieh cue ciia ehinh quyen dia phuang" - didu niy ehu yen lien quan den nhttng sai sdt qua trinh thue hien ehinh sich thu hdi dit d cie dia phuong (73,3% ndng dan cho la nhu vay, DTB = 4,13) Cic ydu td khie lin lugt li "Phong iiie, lap qudn dia phuang" (DTB = 4,11); "Sif tuyin truyin cua cde phuang lien truyen thdng dgi chung ve ehinh sdch thu hdi ddt" (DTB = 4,10); "Cdch Ihite td chdc thue hiin cdc chinh sdch eiia Ddng vd Nhd nude ve thu hdi ddt" (DTB = 4,03); "Niem tin vdo ehinh sdch thu hdi ddt ctia Ddng vd Nhd nude" (DTB = 3,8); "Nhdn thtic eua ndng ddn ve ehinh sdch thu hdi ddt" (DTB = 3,76); "Ke' xdu xiiyin tgc ehinh sdch thu hdi ddt" (DTB = 3,71) 48 TAP CHiTAM Lt HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 Ta!t ca cac ye'u td tren d^u anh hudng manh de'n thai dp cua ndng dan ddi vdi chinh saeh thu hdi da't cua Nha nude (deu ed khoang 70% sd ngudi ndng dan dupc hdi ddng tinh va DTB d^u cf miic cao) Dieu hoan toan logic vdi nhiing ket qua nghien cihi da dupc phan tich d tren va thuc te didn nhiJng nam g^n day Ke't luan Ket qua nghien cihi cho tha'y, da sd ngudi nong dan nhan thirc dung v^ chu truang, chfnh sach thu hdi da't ciia Nha nude Tuy nhien, ben canh dd cung cdn mdt bp phan ngudi ndng dan chua hi^u ro chfnh sach nay, hp eho rang deft dai la sd huxi eua ngudi dan, khdng ed quyen dupc la'y, Ngudi nong dan cho rang, viec thu hdi da't da't nghiep de sii dung vao nhung muc dieh nhu xay trudng hpc, benh vien, xay dudng giao thdng hay cae edng trinh an ninh, qude phong hoac xay cac nha may che' bie'n ndng san cho dan la hap ly; nhiing mue dfch khac nhu xay nha d, chung cu cao ea'p, khu vui ehai/giai trf, san golf la hoan toan khdng phii hop Rieng dd'i vdi nhiJng ngudi bi thu hdi d^t, phdn ldn hp cam tha'y hoang mang lo lang vi khdng biet lam gi de sdng, vui budn lan Idn va eang thang met mdi vi khdng biet tuang lai se sao; Hp cam tha'y budn, biic xiie ehutig kie'n hieu qua svs dung dat thaip va sir dung dat da thu hdi sai muc dfch Trong qua trinh thuc hien ehfnh sach thu hdi d^t, ngudi ndng dan da chu dpng tim hieu nhieu va'n de lien quan true tie'p vdi hp nhung cdng tac tuyen truyen cua chinh quyen va nhiing ngudi cd tham quyen cdn han che' nen viec tie'p can vdi thdng tin cua ndng dan cdn khd khan Ket qua nghien eiJu cung cho tha'y Luat Da't dai ban hanh nam 2003 ndi ehung va chinh saeh thu hdi da't ndi rieng bdc Id nhieu bat cap, han che va chua theo kip vdi nhieu dien bie'n thue te^ eua qua trinh thu hdi da't d cac dia phuang tren ca nude Ben canh dd, edng tac tuyen truydn chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nude chua tdt, chua kip thdi va chua den dupc vdi tiing ndng dan Chu thich K6't qua nghien ciiu duoc trinh bay bai vi€t la mOt ph^n cua d£ lai "Doc diem tdm ly - xd hoi cua ndng ddn thdi ky md cifa vd hpi nhdp qud'c re" PGS.TS Nguy6n Huu Thu lam chu nhiem, Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hpc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qu6'c gia Ha N6i la CO quan chii tri, Quy Phat tri^n Khoa hpc va CPng nghe Quoc gia (Nafosted) ca^p kinh phi Dg tai dapc tie'n hanh thdi gian til 2011 - 2013 Tai li^u tham khao I Lim Song Ha (chu bien), Dieu tra diem tdm ly nong ddn bi thu hoi ddt ldm khu cong nghiep, Sach chuyen khao, NXB Tiir di^n Bach khoa TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 49 Calvin S.Hall, Inttoduclion lo Theot-ies of Personality, John Wiley & Sons, 1985 hnp://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/porlal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?cla,s,s_id=l&mode= detail&dcx:iimem_id=32479 hnp://tuoitre.vn/Chinh-(ri-Xa-hoi/.'il2l29/Khieu-kien-dal-dai-%E2%80%9Cral-nghiem-trong %E2%80%9D.html, hnp://www.lhanhlravietnam.vn/vi-VN/Home/maga7.inestory.aspx?lD=.'i59 ^° TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 ... Nha nude va thuc te viee thuc hien thu hoi da't d cac dia phuong * Tam trang ciia ndng dan dd'i vdi chi'nh saeh thu hoi dat ciia Nha nude cung nhu viec thuc hifin ehinh sach tren thuc td' * Nhimg... Vi vay, tam trang, xue cam cua ndng dan cdn phu thugc vao vide muc di'ch thu hdi dit cd dugc thue hidn khdng Ne'u nhttng muc dich thu hdi dit dugc thuc hien nghidm tuc nhu da thdng bao ban diu... cda ndng ddn ddi vdi chinh sdch thu hdi ddt cua Nhd nude cung nhu viec thuc hiin chinh sdch ndy tren thuc te Trong sd 1.840 ngudi dttge didu tra ed 430 ngudi bi thu hdi dat Kd't qua nghidn cttu