Thực trạng giáo dục mầm non ở các tỉnh đồng bằng sông cửu long

THJC TRANG GIAO DUC M A M NON CAC TJNH DONG B A N G SONG CL/U LONG TS Le Van Chin Sd Gido due vd Ddo tao Ben 'Tre I i TOM T.\T Gido due mdm non Id cdp hoc ddu lien Irong he ihdng gido due qudc ddn dgt nen mimg han ddu cho sir phdt trien ve the chdt tri lue, tinh cam thdm my lieng Viel vd ldm ly sdn sdng di hgc cho ire em Cdp hpc mdm non d cue linh ddng bdng sdng Cini Long irong nhirng nam qua dd cd nhieu cd gdng dgi dupc nhieu thdnh tuu lot Tiiy vdy, cdp hoc ndy hien vdn cdn bdt cap han chi De gido due mdm non phdt trien i tin cd chinh sdch ddc thit rieng cho viing ddng bdng song ('iru Umg Rii-ng cdc ttnh khu vuc phai bii't phdt huy not luc vd ddy mgnh cting tdc xd hdi hda gido due Tir khoa: Gido due mdm non: Ddng hdng sdng Cini Long Xgiiynhdnhdi 8.'1/20I7; \giiy duyet ddng hid: 25'1/2017 AltSTRACT Preschool education is the beginning level pfetluealion system, which lays the foundation lor the development ofphystcut health, intelligence, affection, aesthetics and I 'lelnainese language lor kids and helps kids becomes psychologically ready for school Preschool education in Cuu Long delta has made iniiiiy achievements during Ihe past years How ever, there are still mine liinilalions and inadequacy in Us performance In order lo boost the improveineiil of preschool ediicitlion in Cuu Long Delia il requires specialized policies Provinces in this area also need to uphold their internal force and promote the socialization of ediicalion Key xvords: Preschool education Cuu Long delta \ D a t xiin dc Nam hpe 2016 - 2017 la nam thu tu loan nganh giao due ticp tuc thyc hicn Nghi quxct sd 2')-\iy\ \\ 04 thang 11 nam 2013 cua Uan C h i p hanh •frung uimg Dang (khda XI) xe "Ddi mdi can ban loan dicn giao due va dao tao 56 TAP CHl TAM LV HOC .V) (215), - 2017 dap img \cu c§u cong nghiep hoa hicn dai hoa dieu kien kinh w thi trudng dinh huong xa hpi chu nghta \ a hpi nhap qu6c tc" Cac tinh ddng bang song Cim Long d^u tap trung cho cac boat dpng nang cao chat lugmg giao due cac nganh hoc cap hpc co c^p hpc mam non Muc tieu la giup irc phat trien \c the chat, tinh cam hi^u bi6t tham my hinh cac yeu to dau ticn ciia nhan each, chuan bj t6t cho tre buoc vao lop Day la mot nhung giai phap tich cue nham nang cao chat lupng nguon nhan luc viing dap img cho > eu cau cong nghiep hoa va hicn dai hoa dat nuoc Bai viet na\ tap trung phan tich thuc trang giao due mam non o cac linh dong bang song Cim Long de tir gop phan dc cac bien phap nang cao chat lupng dao tao ciia bac hpc Thirc trang giao due mam non a cac tmh dong bang song Ciiu Long u Ve so luang tre mdm non Voi su CO gang ciia nganh giao due dao tao cr cac tinh dong bang song Cim Long, quy mo mang luoi truong lop mam non vimg tiep tuc dupe dicu chinh \6a dan dicm lc theo huong tao mpi dicu kicn de hu) dpng loi da tre dp tuoi den tru(mg nhat la dia ban viing sau \ung kinh tc - xa hpi dac biet kho khan, viing bien gioi hai dao Tinh den thoi diem thang L2017 toan vung CO 1.803 truong mam non mau giao tang 43 truong so \oi nam hpc trudc; vdi 19.154 Idp tang 1.682 Idp va 556 597 tre tang 53.060 tre so vdi nam hpc trudc Sd lupng trudng UVp hpc sinh cap hpc mam non viing nhu sau: Bdng 1: So luang trir&ng, lap hgc sinh mdm non a cdc tinh dong bdng song Ciru Long ddu ndm hoc 2016 -2017 TT So Iriro'nH So iori So hoc sinh An Giang Dcrn v i 201 1.992 61.661 Bac l.icii 88 929 29.940 Ben Tre 176 1.387 46.405 Ca Mail 131 1,339 36.715 I36nu Thiip 191 129 64 198 Ilau Giants 85 1.019 30.738 Kicn Gianji 151 1,651 47.003 l.oni; An 209 764 53.328 Soc rranp 134 1.709 51.265 TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd (2 Li) - 2017 57 10 Ticn Gians 188 2.585 56 552 11 Tni Vinh 120 1.271 38.701 12 VTnh Lon.e 129 1.379 40.091 Tir thuc td tren cho thay nganh hpc mam non thudc cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cd nhiSu nd lyc tang quy md tre dp tudi den trucmg nham thyc hien muc lieu phd cap giao dye mam non cho tre em tudi va chuan bj lot cho tre vao Idp I Theo bao cao eua eac dja phuong t\ le huy dpng Ue ngoai cdng lap loan xiing chidm i\ le 9.7% so vdi tdng sd tre dupc huy dpng Ben canh mpt sd linh cd tx le tre ngoai cdng lap chidm ly le tren 10,0% nhu: Kien Giang: 16.26% Long An: 16.27% Bdn Tre: 10.3% thi mdt sd tinh cd ty le huy dpng tte ngpai cdng lap chidm tx le thSp hon nhu: Hau Giang: 8,6%, Tra Vinh: 6,0%, Tien Giang: 3,0%,,, Cdng tac phd cap giao due mam non cho tre tudi viing cung dupc chil trpng, Tinh d6n thang 1/2016, loan vitng cd 10 tinh da dupc Bp Giao due va Dao lao kiem tra cdng nhan Rieng tinh Kicn Giang va Sdc Trang da hoan hd so va dc nghj Bd Giao due x ii Dao tao kiem tra, cdng nhan, b Vi sd lirong gido viin mdm non Mpi dicm dang luu x la thyc trang giao vien mam non vimg dang la van dc hire xuc, Ben canh mdt sd tinh khdng thieu giao vien mam non nhu: Kicn Giang, Ddng fhap thi mdt sd tinh nhu: Ben Tre, Hau Giang, Ticn Giang, Tra Vinh dang Ihicu giao vien mam non kha nhieu Dieu sg anh hudng ticu eye den ly le huy ddng tre Idp va vice md rpng quy md tre dupc td chirc ban tru den lao dicu kicn de nang cao chat lupng cham sdc va giao due tre, den vice phu huynh tham gia lao ddng, san xuat, Sd lupng giao vien mam non eua khu X ye can dupc bd sung Irong thdi gian tdi nhu sau: Bdng 2: Ttnh hinh thiiu gido viin mdm non a cdc tinh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ndm hpc 2016 -2017 TT "ia Don vi So giao vicn hien c6 So giao vicn Ihieu can bo sung An Giang 4.291 60 Bac Lieu 2.056 163 Ben Tre 2.646 734 TAP CH(TAM LV HOC, S6' (215), - 2017 246 Ca Mau 2,822 Dons Thap 4,103 Ilau Giang 1.634 734 Kien Giang 3.495 Long A n 3.624 170 Soc Trang 3.249 297 10 Tien Giang 3.021 642 11 Tra Vinh 2.126 619 12 VTnh Long 2.732 124 35.799 3.789 Tdng cgng Vdi so lieu bang tren cho thay, cac tinh viing thieu mpt so lugng ldn giao vicn mam non (3.789 giao vien) Cac tinh thieu nhieu nhat la Ben Tre Hau Giang (734 giao vicn); tiep den la cae tinh Tien Giang Tra Vinh Sdc Trang Tinh Kien Giang, Dong Thap la dia phuong khdng thieu giao \ ien mam non t Ve ngdn sdch ddu tu cho gido due mdm non Ngoai ngan sach Nha nudc ngan sach dia phuong ciia mpt so tinh vung tiep tuc dau tu cho nganh giao due lang ban so vol nam trudc nhu cac linh An Giang, Sdc Trang va kinh phi van dpng lir cac nguon xa hpi boa ticp tuc tang Nganh giao due da danh mpi khoan kinh phi kha ldn de phan bo cho cac trudng tu sira chiJa, nang cap co sd vat chat lao dieu kien thuan lpi cho cac trudng thu nhan tre dau nam Nguon chi lir ngan sach cho boat dpng giao due dao tao boi duong da dupc cai thien rat nhieu so vdi thdi gian trudc nhung khong dii dap ung yeu cau tir cac chuong trinh dc an ldn ciia nganh nhu: Dc an Pho cap giao due mam non cho tre em tuoi chuong trinh Kicn co hda trudng Idp va nha cdng \u cho giao vien Thuc hien chii truong tiet kiem ehi thudng xuyen 20% tdng kinh phi boat dpng cung anh hudng den vice can ddi thu, chi ciia cac trudng mam non, nhat la cac don vi cd quy md nhd Nguon thu tir xa hdi hda chua nhicu Thiet bi cong nghe thdng tin ciia nhieu trudng mam non dupc trang bi trudc day qua nhieu nam sir dung, chua dupc bo sung, thay the kip thdi Co sd vat chat tnrdng, Idp chua dap img dieu kien de md rpng quy md giao due mam non dang dat nhijng yeu cau buc xuc ciia viing TAP CHf TAM l y HOC, S6' (215), - 2017 59 d Ve sd tnrdng dgt chudn qudc gia Sd ttucmg mam non d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long dat chuan qudc gia dupc the hien qua bang sau: Bdng 3: Sd tnrdng mdm non dgt chudn qudc gia & cdc tinh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ddu ndm hpc 2016 -2017 TT Don v i So trirong So trirffng dat chuan quoc gia Tx le % An Giana 201 20 9.95 Bac Lieu 88 42 53.16 Ben Tre 176 31 17.61 Ca Mau 131 57 43.51 Dong Thap 191 40 21,98 II9U Giang 85 45 52,94 Kicn Giang 151 31 20,53 Long An 209 96 45,93 Soc Trang 134 38 31,40 10 Ticn Giang 188 29 15,43 11 Tra Vinh 120 10 8,33 12 VTnh Long 129 29 22,48 Sd truimg mam non dai chuan qudc gia viing dupc tang len Tinh cd tx Ip trucmg mam non dat chuan qudc gia cao nhjl la Bac Lieu: 53,16%, Hau Giang: 52,94°i) Mdt sd tinh ed ty lc Irudng m4m non dat chuSn qudc gia dai thjp nhu Tra Vinh: 8.33%, An Giang: 9,95%.,, So vdi cac cap hpc tieu hpc va trung hpc co sd vung, mam non ia cap hoc CO ly le trudng dat chuan qudc gia thap nhSt: mJiTi non chiSm ty lc 26,41%; tieu hpc chidm ty le 39,26%; trung hpc co sd chidm ty lc 36,77%, ,., Vc CO so vdt chdt cua ngdnh mdm non Tinh trang kha phd bien cua cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cuu Long la thidu phdng hpc de md rdng quy md phat trien giao due mam non I'ir dd, eac dja phuong da muim eo sa xiit chjl cua cae trudng phd thdng tren cimg dja ban dcmd Idp mam non 60 TAP CHITAM LV HOC, S (21.5) - 2017 Bdng 4: Sd phdng hpc muon tgm cua cdp hpc mdm non & cdc linh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ndm hoc 2016-2017 TT Don X j So phong hoc mu-on tam So phong hoc miro'n tam danh cho m a m non An Gianp 45 45 Bac Lieu 38 35 Ben Tre 0 Ca Mau 316 316 Dong Thiip 236 236 Hau Giang 0 Kien Giang 128 30 Long An 47 10 Soc Trang 422 367 10 Tien Giang 59 ;3 11 Tra Vinh 0 12 VTnh Long 86 86 1.377 1.116 T o n g cong Theo thdng kc tir cac tinh tinh den thang 2017 sd phdng hpc mupn tam loan viing la 1.377 phdng Trong dd cap hpc mam non mugnn la 1.116 phdng chiem ty lc 81.0% so vdi long sd phdng hpc mupn tam Theo bao cao ciia cac tinh linh trang nhap cu vdi nhicu tre cm dp tudi di hpc d khu dan cu mdi khu che xuat khu cdng nghiep d nhicu dia phuong da tao sire ep va tinh trang qua tai ddi vdi he thdng trudng tdp cdng lap nhat la trudng Idp mam non Ben canh dd linh trang hdi huong ciia Vicl kieu d cac viing giap bien gidi nhu: Kicn Giang Long An Ddng Thap An Giang T hue Ic cho thay dd cd rat nhieu ngudi khdng cd hd SCT hp tjch hp khau, gun khai sinh gay khd khan ve nhieu mat cdng tac hu\ dpng tre Idp Do su lac ddng lii mai trai ciia nen kinh lc thj trudng tiep tuc lao nhdng (hach thirc \c dicu kien va co hpi hpc tap cho em nhan dan nhdt la khoang each chenh lech giua hg giau \a hd ngheo; giira thi va ndng thdn: \ung TAP CHI TAM LV HOC Sd (215) 61 sau xung \a xung khd khan cung da anh hudng ddn cdng tac huy dpng tre thyc hien muc tieu phd cap giao due mam non tre ludi mang linh ben x'img Mpt sd dia phuong thieu nhan xien x te cd Irinh dp dat chuan anh hudng den cham sdc sue khde ban dau cho tte ttong cac co sd giao due inam non Cap hpc Giao due mam non d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long dupc xem la vung triing cua giao due mam non ca nudc Theo thdng ke cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao den cudi nam hpc 2015-2016 toan vung hiix dpng xiio nha Ire" chi dat khoang 10.6% huy ddng tre vao hpc mau giao chi dat 75.0" n; dd mat bang chung ca nudc huy dpng tte dudi tudi dat tren 25.0" o x'a huy dpng tre mau giao dat tten 88.0% Xguyen nhan la mang ludi truimg mam non d cae linh khu vyc cdn kha phan tan dien tich nhieu tririmg cdn chat hep khd md rpng qux md; tinh ttang thieu phdng hpc cdn kha phd bien: sd phdng hpc mupn tam, hpc nhd cdn nhieu, Mdt sd linh chua bd tri du giao x ien mam non theo TTidng tu lien tjch sd OdATLT-BGDDT-BNV 16 2015 cua Bp Giao due va Dao lao x'a Bd Npi vu: cdng lac xii hdi hda chua thu hut dupc nhicu ngudn xdn dau tu Ket luan Bite tranh chung ve giao due mam non d cac tinh ddng bang song Cuu Long dang ddi hdi phai cd nhimg chinh sach dac thu quan lam dau lu ngudn lyc cho cac dja phucmg vung Hai ngudn lyc chinh can tap trung la ngudi xa lai chinh Rieng ngudn lyc lai chinh can cd sy dau lu lu ngan sach Nha nudc va huy ddng loan xa hpi dc phat Iricn giao due cua vung Cac dia phuimg can cd chinh sach quyet liet hon nira eho giao due mam non dae biet chu trpng ngudn lyc nhan dan va phat huy cac giai phap thyc hien xa hdi hda giao due Ngudn lye eon ngudi dang can cd co che chinh sach rieng cho cac dja phuong cdn gap khd khan Dc thoat khdi vung trung vc giao dye va dao tao ndi chung xii giao due mam non ndi riling, giao due va dao tao d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Ciru Long dang chd dpi Chinh phu sdm phe duyet De an phat trien giao due dao tao xa giao due nghe nghiep vung ddng bang sdng Cuu Long giai doan 2016 - 2020 Tai lieu tham khao Han Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Xghi quyit sd 29-\QTIV ngdy 4/11/2013 vi Ddi mdi can ban lodn dien gido due vd diu) /oo 2013 Bd Giao due va Dao tao, Bdo cdo Idng ket 10 ndm phdt Irien gido due mam non 2016 62 TAPCHITAMLVHOC Sd2 (215) - 2017 Bo Giao due va Dao tao Bdo cdo tdng kit ndm hgc 2015 - 2016 vd phirang hirdng nhiem vu gido due mdm non ndm hgc 2016 - 201", 2016 So Giao due - Dao lao Long An Bdo cdo ket qua thuc hieu nhiem vu ndm hgc 21)15 - 2016 cita cdc Sa Gido due vd Ddo tgo vimg thi dua (Ldn 2) 2016 Sd Giao due va Dao tao Sdc Trang Bdo cdo irien khai nhiem vu ddu nam hgc 2(116 - 2017 cua cum thi dua X 2016 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC Sd (215) - 2017 63 ... giao due mam non o cac linh dong bang song Cim Long de tir gop phan dc cac bien phap nang cao chat lupng dao tao ciia bac hpc Thirc trang giao due mam non a cac tmh dong bang song Ciiu Long u Ve... song Ciiu Long u Ve so luang tre mdm non Voi su CO gang ciia nganh giao due dao tao cr cac tinh dong bang song Cim Long, quy mo mang luoi truong lop mam non vimg tiep tuc dupe dicu chinh 6a... tren cho thay nganh hpc mam non thudc cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cd nhiSu nd lyc tang quy md tre dp tudi den trucmg nham thyc hien muc lieu phd cap giao dye mam non cho tre em tudi va chuan