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Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hgc Ty nhiin Cdng nghi vd Mdi irudng 32 (2014) 87 93 Tap chf Khoa hoc TriTdng Dai hpc Can Thd website sj ctu edu vn KHOA HOC irdC TfNH LlTgfNG VA CA[.]
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhiin Cdng nghi vd Mdi irudng: 32 (20 KHOA HOC Tap chf Khoa hoc TriTdng Dai hpc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn irdC TfNH LlTgfNG VA CAC BI?N PHAP XU" LY RCfM RA d MQT SO TINH DONG BANG S N G CUtJ LONG Trin Sy Nam', Nguydn Thi Huynh Nhu^, Nguydn HiJU Chidm', Nguyin Vo Chiu Ngan', Ld Hoing Viet' va Kjeld Ingvorsen^ ^ Khoa Mdi trudng & Tdi nguyen Thien nhien Trudng Bgi hgc Cdn Tha ^ Chi Cyc Bdo ve Mdi trudng, Sd Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trucmg Kien Giang ^ Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Denmark ABSTRACT Thdng tin chung: Ngdy nhdn: 19/11/2013 The estimated quantity of rice straw and its use in different provinces (An Ngdy chdp nhgn: 30/06/2014 Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang and Can Tho) in the Vietnamese Mekong Delt were investigated based on a prepared questionnaire and field survey The results showed that local farmers used six common types of rice straw treatment Title: and management, including: burning, burying, mushroom cultivation, breedin To quantify the seasonal sale and giving to neighbors The usage of rice straw also varied seasonally In rice straw and its use in the winter-spring season, straw burning is the most common activity (98.2%), different provinces in the whereas the remaining activities are mushroom cultivation and sale In the Vietnamese Mekong Delta summer-autumn season, the proportion of straw burning decreased to 89.7% level, burying was accounted for 6.65% In the autumn-winter season, burning TOT khoa: had lowest level (54.1%) while the proportion of straw burying was quite high Ram rg, dot ram, xu ly rom, (26.1%) followed by mushroom cultivation (8.1%) and the rest Annually, the phdt thai, Ddng bang sdng estimated quantity of rice straw in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta was Cuu Long approximated of about 26.2 million tons, in which 20.9 million tons was burne directly on the fields This led to an accumulated release approximately 17.95 Keywords: million tons of C02, 485.58 thousand tons of CO and 10.38 thousand tons oj Rice straw, burning, rice NOx in the atmosphere The results also showed that most of farmers tended to straw treatment, emission, continue burning rice straw as a habit in the coming years the Mekong Delta T M TAT Lugng ram rg sau thu hogch vd cdc biin phdp sic dyng rom rg a mgt si tinh Bdng bdng song Cuu Long dugc khdo sdt thdng qua phdng vdn kit hgp thu mdu tren ddng ru^ng Igi cdc tinh An Giang, Bdng Thdp, Kien Giang vd Cdn Tha Kit qud khdo sdt cho thdy cd hinh thuc qudn ly vd xir ly luong rom rg dugc ngudi ddn lya chon phd biin Id ddt ram, vui rom trdng ndm, chan nudi bdn vd cho ngudi khdc Cdc hinh thuc xir ly ram tren mgng thay ddi tiiy theo miia vy O vyBongXudn, ddt ram Id hinh thuc dugc su dyng phd biin nhdt (98,2%), cdn lai trdng ndm, hdn ram, cho rom chiim ty le rdt thdp O vy He Thu, ty li dot ram gidm xudng cdn 89,7%, viii ram chiim 6,7% Vy Thu Bong cdtyl4 dit ram thdp nhdt (54.1 %), ty H viti ram tgi rugng khd cao (26.1 %), ki din Id trdng ndm (8,1%), cdc hinh thirc khdc chiim ^ le nhd Kit qud udc tinh lugng ram rg phdt sinh d Bdng bang song Cdu Long ndm 2011 vdo khodng 26.2 trieu Idn/nSm, khodng 20,9 triiu tdn/ndm Id ngirdi ddn ddt Luang ram ddt udc tinh hdng ndm phdt thdi 17,95 trieu tdn C02, 485,58 nghin tdn CO vd 10,38 nghin tdn NOx vdo quyin Kit qud diiu tra cdn ghi nhgn da so ndng ddn diu cd khuynh hudng giii nguyen tap qudn ddt rom cdc ndm tiip theo Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Cong nghi vd Mdi Irudng: 32 (2014): 87-93 GIOflTHlEU Ddng birig sdng Cftu Long (DBSCL) li mot vimg sin xuit Ifta Upng dilm cfta Viet Nam, vdi dien tich cbi chilm 12,1% difn tich cfta ca nude, iihung san Iugng lua chidm khoang 51,5% v i ddng gdp hem 90% Iugng gao xuit khiu cfta ci nude Difn tich tidng Ma cfta DBSCL da khdng ngui^ tang qua cie nam, ddn nam 2011 dien tich liia da dgt khoMg trifu vdi sin Iugng 23 trieu tin (Tdng cyc thdng kd, 2012) Tuong ling vdi didn tich canh tac v i sin lugng lua thi lugng ram tiiai bd hoac ddt hing nam d DBSCL la rit Idn (Bo tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, 2010) CJ Chiu ' A, tugng ram rg thm bd khoing 667 Uifu tin/nam (Yoswathana et al, 2010) Hifn nay, hiu hit cac ngudn tii nguyen phd thai niy chira dugc khai thie vi sft dung mdt each tiifu qui d mpt sd khu vyc, phin Idn rom dupe logi bd khdi ddng mdng bing each ciy viii, ddt hogc dugc sft dimg dd ft phan (He et al, 2008; Wati et al, 2007; Vlasenko et ai, 1997) diy la mdt sy I§ng phi ngudn nang lugng cac-bon huu ca rit Idn Ddt rom tien ddng mdng giy d nliiem Idn va chi tdi cung cap rapt phin eic etiit dinh dudng vo ca cbo dat, nhung cung cd till thfte diy rfta tidi eic chit dinh dudng quan tipng tft dit hoac tam "etiai dit" Cay vui ram tryc tilp vao dit se giy hifn tugng bit dpng dinh dudng tiong dit hoac tiong qua tiinh phan huy se giy hien tiigng ngd ddc hftu ea cho ciy liia O^guyln Ttiinh Hdi, 2008) Mdt sd ngtiidn cuu gin day da cho thiy ram rg cd till phdi tidn vdi cac vat lifu khac dl sdn xuat ktii sinh hpc (Chandra et al, 2012; Nguyin V6 Chiu Ngan et al, 2012; Nguyin Van Thu, 2010), diy ti mot tiiln vpng tdn dl giai quydt cic vin dl ve xft ly phd phim tiong ndng nghifp ddng thai tii sft dyng ning lugng tft rom mdt cich hidu qua nhit Vi till, viec tim bilu cic phuong thfte sft dyng ngudn chit hiru ca tft rom vi udc tinh lupng rom du thfta trdn ddng mdng sau thu hogch li didu rit can thilt de cung cap thdng tin lupng ram du thira cd thi tdi sft dyng tidn ddng radng Vifc nghidn cftu dl tim giii phip quin 1;^ hifu qua lupng rom du thiia sau thu hogch la mdt van dd quan upng nliim ning cao nang suit ndng nghifp, cii thifn ddi sdng ngudi din v i giim thidu d nhiem mdi trudng f PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN c u t ! 2.1 Thu thap sd lieu thd cap So lifu thft cip ve difn tich Ifta, sin lupng Iiia dugc tdng hpp tft Tdng cyc Thdng kd Viet Nam, Nien giim thdng ke eic tinh Kidn Giang, An Giang, Ddng Thap, Cin Tha vi cae dd tii nghidn eihi cd lien quan 2.2 Phong vin nong hp Mdt tiam hd trdng Ida t^ moi dia diem nghidn eftu: Chiu Thanh - An Giang, Gidng Ridng - Kidn Giang, Thip Mudi - Ddng Thip, Thdi Lai - Can Tha dugc lua chpn de thyc hien phdng vin Ndng hp deu dugc chpn r^iu nhidn vi phdng vin true tidp thdng qua phieu phdng van soan san vdi cic npi dung chinh ve difn tich dit tidng liia, cic hinh thuc sft dung ram, bifn phap xft l^ rom sau thu hoach, sd vy lua san xuat nam, hinh thfte thu hoach, gidr^ Ifta sft dyng, nang suit, Qui trinh phdng van dupe tien hanh qua cac budc: Budc 1: Soan phieu phdng vin - Budc 2: Tien hanh phdng vin thft 05 hd dan Udng lua dS kilm Ua tinh phft hgp cua philu phdng vin - Budc 3: Hifu chinb phieu phdng vin cho phft hpp — Budc 4: Tidn hanh phdng van tgi khu vuc dugc lya chpn 2.3 Xic dinh t j If rom rg: san lugng lia Trong qua Uinh phdng van va khao sat tidn hanh chpn nam rudng canh tac gidng liia phd bidn nhit Uong vung Mdi rudng chpn 05 d (Im x Im) dk tiln hanh thu toan bp ram ra, hgt (rom tiong nghien cftu niy Ii phan sinh khdi ciia cay lua tu gdc Ud len, khdng bao gdm phin rl), Sau xic djnh tipng lugng tuai, toan bg miu dugc dua ve phdng thi nghidm Khoa Mdi trudng vd Tai nguydn Thien nhien dl xac djnh tignglupng khd ^ _ 2.4 Phmmg phap tinli toan^a xir ly so lifu 2.4.1 Ty le ram rg:liia T5' Id ram ra: liia dugc tinh theo cdng thdc: R W^ W, R: Ty le ram rg: lua Wr: trpng lugng khd cfta ram rg (kg) Wh: Upng lugng liia (im dp 14%) (kg) 2.4.2 Lugng rom rgphdt sinh sau thu hogch Lugng ram phit sinh eia mdi vu dugc tinh theo cdng thfte sau: Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Cdng nghi vd Mdi trudng: 32 (2014): 87-93 Lugng ram phit sinh = San lugng Ida * Ty Id rom rg: liia (2) 2.4.3 Udc lugng rom rg ddt ngoai ddng San lupng rom ddt ngoai ddng mdng dugc udc tinh theo cdng thuc (Gadde et al., 2009): Qs = Q p x R x k (3) Trong do: Qst: sin lugng rom ddt ngoai ddng mdng (tin); Qp: sin lugng liia (tin); R: tj Id ram so vdi san lugng Iiia; k: ^ If ram rg ddt ngoai ddng mdng so vdi tdng sdn Iugng ram rg 2.4.4 Lugng thdi phdt thdi tu viec ddt rom rg dugc udc tinh theo cdng thuc: Ei = Qfl x Epi X Fco (4) Trong do.' Ei: lupng thai i phat thai vao mdi tnrdng ddt rom rg ngoii ddng rudng (tin); EFi: he sd phat tiiii tiiii i tft vide ddt rom rg ngoai ddng mgng (g/kg) (cin eft tidn ket qui nghien eftu ciia Gadde et al (2009) vdi EC02 = 1464; ECO - 34,7; ENOx = 3,1); Fco: ty If chimin ddi thii ddt ram Fco ^ 0,8 (Aalde et al., 2006; Gadde et al., 2009) KET QUA VA THAO LU4.N 3.1 Cic hinh thuc sir dung rom phd biln d DBSCL Theo kdt qui khio sit d Bing I cho thiy co bien phap xft ly ram dupe ngudi din lya chpn Ii: ddt rcfm Uen ddng, viii dat, tidng nam, ban, chin nudi vi cho ram vy Ddng Xuin cd hinh thue su dung rom la ddt rom, tidng nim, bdn vi cho ram Trong dd, cd 98,23% sd hd khio sit la ddt ram rg sau thu hogch, 0,99% ti tidng nim, 0,73% hp ban rom v i 0,06% hd Ii cho rom Kit qua khao sat cho thiy ddt rom li bifn phip duge sft dyng bien nhit d vy Ddng Xuin Bang 1: Cac hinh thuc sudung rmn rg phd bidn qua cic mfta vu nam 2012 Hinh thuc su dung Ban Dot Trong nam VCii trSn rugng Cho C h ^ nuoi Bo trgn rufing Dong Xuan Difn tich Tyle (ha) _1%L 0,73 6,24 842,31 98,23 8,45 0,99 0,52 - 0,06 K6t qud thdng ke (Bang I) cho thay djvu He Thu cd hinh thfte sft dmig Tom; nhidu'hon Ddng Xuan hai tiinh thfte li vui rom vd dung rom lam thuc in gia sftc Ty if cic hd xft ly ram sau thu hoach bing bidn phap ddt li 89,67%, viii la 6,65%, sft dyng dl Udng nim Ii 1,26%, bin la 1,27%, chan nudi la 0,02% va cho ngudi khac la 1,13% Ddt ram vin la bidn phap xft ly phd bien nhit cua ndng hp d vy He Thu Tuy nhien, ty If ddt rom da giam di so vdi vy Ddng Xuin, giim tft 98,2% xudng cdn 89,7% (Bang I) Vy Thu Ddng, cic tiinh thfte sft dur^ rom cua ngudi din ta da dgng nhit so vdi cic mua vu khic Uong nim O vy Thu Ddng, ddt ram vin chiem ty tf Idn nhung di giam nhieu so vdi Ddng Xuan va He Thu, ty If ddt rom giam ctii edn 54,1%, cie bifn phip khac ngoii ddt rom diu tang ty If Ty If vui rom ting cao hon so vdi vy He Thu dat 26,1%, He Thu Dien tich 10,92 768,98 10,79 57,01 9,69 0,13 Tyle 1,27 89,67 1,26 6,65 1,13 0,02 Thu Bong Dien tich Tyll JM 25,03 2,92 463,89 54,1 69,81 8,14 223,78 26,1 14,11 1,65 3,12 0,36 57,78 6,74 sd hd tidng nam ting len 8,14%, bdn ram li 2,92%, chan nudi la 0,36% va cho rom li 1,65% (Bing I) Phuang phip sft dyng rom cua ngudi din va tj If pban tram mdi phuong phip sft dyng rom d cic mua vu nam la rit Idiac Trong ba vy Ilia, ngudi din ddt rom d vy Ddng Xuin nhilu nhat Nguyen nhan li thdi gian thu hogch vy Ddng Xuin cd thai tilt thuan Igi, Udi thudng ning nong ndn ty Id rom chiy ddt cao hon v i tiidi gian chiy cung nhanh hon Vy He Thu v i Thu Ddng thdi tiet khdng dugc thuan Igi nhu vy Ddng Xuin thudng cd mua nhieu nen t j If cic hp ddt rom giam, cic hd ndng din thudng ddt rom udi nir^ va ciy vui ram rg Udi mua Theo tgp quin canh tic, ngudi din ddt rom de vf sinh ddng mdng chuin bj sdn xuit vy tilp theo, ddng tiidi tugng tio sau ddt duge lim phin dl bdn cho rudng - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ttr nhiin, Cdng nghi va Mdi trudng: 32 (2014): 87-93 Trong nhihig nam gdn diy, miy gat d|p hen hgp dk vi dang dugc sft dung cang nhilu tgi cic tinh DBSCL Tuy nhien, lugng ram sau diing miy gat dip lidn hgp de thu hogch dugc ddn trii tidn raOng nen rit kho thu gom Vi viy, ngudi dan thudng khdng thu gom mi ddt tryc tidp neu thdi tiet ning, khd rio hoic vui I ^ nlu gap thdi tiet bit Ipi nhu mua hay mdng ngap nude, Ben canh dd, vy He Thu v i Thu Ddng Ii tiai vu lua ehinh cung cip rom cho nhiing hd din tidng nim nen vio hai vy ngudi mua ram nhieu Didu niy giii thich cho vifc ^ If bin ram cao d mdt sd khu vyc khdo sdt Tuy nhidn, ddi vdi nhin^ rudng gft tay, dilu kifn thdi tilt mua nhilu, giao thdng khdng thuan tifn nen khdng the ban ram hay mang rom ve nhi cho muc dich sft dyng, vi viy ngudi dan bd ram ngoii ddng cho ram ty phin buy Kdt qui didu tra cdn cho thiy da sd ndng din (hon 95%) ed kliuynh hudng gift nguyen tip quan ddt ram eic nim tilp theo Bang 2: Ty If hp dan sijr dung hinh thdc ddt rorm tren dong rugng sau thu hogch Phan tram so hp dot „ -.s rom Dja didm =ri —,—=r— * Dong He Thu Xuin Thu Ddng Gidng Ridng- Kidn Giang 76 ^ Thip Mudi- Ddng Thip 100 99 96 Thdi Lai - Cin Tha 100 94 Chau Thanh - An Giang 100 97 74 Trung binh 94 89 45,5 Kdt qua khio sit d cic khu vyc r ^ e n cftu vl ty If ndng hd lya chpn bifn phip ddt rom tien ddn^ sau thu hogch dugc tilnh bay d Bang Da sd cic ndng hp deu chpn phuong phap ddt rom d vy Dong Xuin va vy He 'liiu vy Thu Ddng thi ty If hf dot ddng it hon la vao vu Thu Ddng cd mua nhieu, khd khin tiong vifc ddt ddng huyfn Gidng Rilng, tj If hf ddt ram thip ban so vdi cac huyfn khic die thii dja hinh noi diy uung thap ben cMh chpn phuang phip ddt ram hp cdn chpn phuang pliap vui rom vio di} 3.2 Khuynh hudng su dung rom rg ciia ngudi dan d DBSCL Khuynh hudn^ sft dung rom rg Uen ddng mdng phy thupc rat nhidu vio sd vy canh tic liia Uong Dim, ylu td thdi tilt cOng nhu dieu kifn canh tie ciia timg ndng hd, d cic ^ a phuang khao sat, dot rom van li bifn phip ma ngudi din sft dung phd biln nhit (Bdng 1), tiong tinh khao sat cd tinh gdm An Giang, Cin Tho vi Ddng Thap cd khuynh hudng ddt rom li nhieu rdiit, Kien Giai^ ti dia phuang co lupng ram duge sft dung da dgng nhat Bang 3: Khuynh hudng sir dung rum rg nhiing nam tiep theo dung Bot Trong nam Ban hoac cho Vui rom Chan nuoi Phan tram so ho Ddng He Thu XnSn Thu Bong 98,75 96,5 91,25 0,75 0,5 0,5 1,25 0,5 1,5 1,75 6,5 0,25 - - Ben canh hinh thfte ddt rom Uyc tilp tidn ddng mdng thi vui ram van la hinh thfte khd phd bien d DBSCL die didm ve dilu kifn klti hgu Vy Ddng Xuin cd dilu kifn thuin Igi nhat cho vifc sin xuat liia tiong nam, ddng thdi thu hoach thudng CO nai^ ndng nen thu|in Im cho vifc ddt rom ngom ddng CI vu He Thu vi vy Thu Ddng mua nhieu nen viec ddt ram Ididng thuin Igi nbu vu Ddng Xuin, cae hf ndng din thudng chpn vui rom true tiep tien ddng mdng Cic hinh thfte sft dyng rom rg khac thi it dugc phd bien ban, phy thufc vio diSu kifn canh tic cda timg ndng hd Kdt qua khao sit cho thiy hiu nhu tit ci ngudi din ddu CO khuynh hudng lya chpn bifn phap ddt rom Uen ddng mpng cho cac nim tidp theo (Bang 3) Ket qua phong van cho thiy 98,75% (vy Ddng Xuin), 96,5% (vu He Thu) va 91,25% (vy Thu Ddng) hp dan se van lua chpn bifn phdp ddt rom Uen ddng rudng de xft ly ngudn sinh khdi Uong nhihig nam tilp theo, tiong cie hmh thfte xft ly ram khdc chidm ty/ If rit thip (Bing 3) Ket qua tiidng kd cho tiiiy, 374/400 hf (vu Ddng Xuin), 356/400 hp (vy He Thu) vi 182/400 hd (vu Thu Ddng) ddt rom ti'dn ddng rupng sau thu hogch Ket qui khao sat cho tiiiy nhfntilifteciia ngudi din vl dnh hudr^ ciia ddt ram din mdi trudng hgn ehl Ngudi dan lya chpn hinh thfte xft l;y rom bing phuang phap ddt phu thupc Idn vio dieu kifn thdi tilt v i kbi hiu Ddt ram Udn cae difn tich rpng Idn cua vftng DBSCL se inh budng Idn ddn mdi Uudng dit, khdng khi, irdi hudng sftc khde ngudi va gdp phan lam gia tang biln ddi tiiu (IPCC, 2007; Gadde et al, 2009), gay tang phi mpt ngudn tai nguyen smh khdi to Idn (Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005) Vi vgy, xic djnh dupe khuynh budng sft dyng rom Uong cac mua vu tiep theo ciia ngudi din la rit quan tipng &k cd nhftng kiln nghj, liifn phap han che viec ddt rom ciia ngudi din, ddng Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhiin Cdng nghi vd Mdi irudng: 32 (2014): 87-93 Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tha thdi tai sft dyng ngudn tii nguyen niy mdt cich hop ly v i hifu qui nhit 3.3 Udc tinh Iugng rom rg phat sinh sau thu hogch 3.3.1 Ty li ram rg: lua Ty If rom ra: lua duge tmh theo cdng thfte (I) tgi cic dja dilm khao sat dao ddng uong khoang 0,92 - 1,33 Uong dd thip oliit la d Thai Lm vu Ddng Xuin ty tf 0,92±0,10 va cao nhit li d T h ^ Mudi vu Thu Ddng vdi ty Id I,33iO,09 (Bang 4) Bang 4: Ty If rum rg: lua vu Thu Dong va vu Ddng Bja diem Ty If rom rg: lua cd lidn quan m§t thilt vdi giong lua v i nang su& lua d mdi mua vu Kdt qui n ^ d n cuu d Bang cho thiy ty If rom d vy Ddng Xuin thudng t h ^ hon so vdi vy Thu Ddng, Dieu oiy cd till dugc ly giii Ii d vu Ddng Xuan, Iiia cho nang suit cao nhit nim cdn vu Thu Ddi^ thudng cd ning suit thip Thip Mudi vi Chiu Thanh Ii bai dja phuang cd t j If rom rg: Ilia cao d hai miia vu, uong tdii dd Gidng Rieng vi Chau Thinh thi cd ty If thip hon (Bing 4) Thu Dong Lou nhSt 1,02±0,07 1,10 1,39 1,33±0,09 1,14 1,08±0,05 1,34 1,21±0,12 1,24 1,16±0,08 Truug hiuh Gi6ng Rieng - KiSn Giang Thap Muoi- D^ng Thap Th« Lai - CSn Tho ChSu Thanh - An Giang Trung binh So liiu dugc trinh bdy bdng TB±SD, n=25 3.3.2 Udc tinh lugng ram rg sau thu hogch phdt sinh d cdc tinh BBSCL Lugng icfm phit smh d cac tinh DBSCL dugc udc tfnh tiieo cdng thfte (2) dya tidn san Iugng lua ciia cdc tinh (Tong cue Thdng ke, 2012) va ty If ram rg: Ifta (Bing 4) Ty If rom ra: lua trung binh Nho nhat 0,92 1,27 1,01 1,12 1,08 Trung binh Ddng Xnln LAn Nh6 nhit nhit 0,98*0,11 1,28±0,09 0,92±O,10 1,27±0,10 1,11±0,0I 1,10 1,42 1,07 1,39 1,25 0,85 1,19 0,80 1,21 1,01 cfta cac dja phuang khio sat duge sft dung dk udc tinh lugng ram phat sinh cho ci DBSCL, Ket qui udc ti'nh cho thiy lugng ram phdt smh vao vy Ddng Xuan d cac tinh khao sit vi toin vung DBSCL nhilu hon so vdi vy Thu Ddng tiong vy Ddng Xuan difn tich canb tic cQng nhu sin lugng cao hem so vdi vu Thu Ddng (Bdng 5) Bang 5: San lugng liia va udc tinh lugng rom rg phat sinh Bia dilm Kien Giang Dong Thdp can Tho An Giang SBSCL Vu Thu Bong Luyng San l u ^ g liia' rorm 0,20 0,20 0,02 1,62 0,03 1,88 Vu Ddng XuSn San lirQTng Liryng lua' rom 1,99 1,96 1,48 1,36 0,64 0,82 1,77 2,26 10,48 11,70 Ban vj tinh: triiu tdn Nam 2011 Lugmg Sau Iirgng Ilia rom r9 ='-3,94 "3,94 3,10 2,86 1,29 1,68 3,84 4,78 23,19 26,23 'Sdn lugng lua ciia cdc rinh dugc trich lir Tong cue Thdng ki (2012) Theo udc tinh thi iugng rom phat sinh nam 2011 cua toin vimg DBSCL li 26,23 trifu tin, Uong cic dia phuang khio sit thi nhieu nhit la tinh An Giang (4,78 Uifu tin) v i thap ntiat la Can Tha (1,68 trifu tin), sy khac bift vd lugng rom phit sinh gifta cie vftng khao sit chu ydu li sy khic bift vd difn tich canh tie giiia cic viing tiong nam 2011 Difn tich canh tic liia d An Giang li 603,9 nghin ha, d Cin Tho la 224,7 nghin (Tdng Cue Thdng Kd, 2011), 3.4 LTd-cti'nhphat thai nba kinh ddt rom Kdt qua khio ski trinh biy d Bing cho thiy da sd cac hp ddu cbpn phuang phip ddt rom d vy Ddng Xuin v i vy He Thu; rieng vy Thu Ddng thi ty Id hd ddt ddng it ban huyen Gidng Rilng ^ If hp ddt rom thip hon so vdi cic huyfn khic d|c thft dia liinh tiung tiiip bdn cgnh chpn phuong phap ddt rom ngudi din cdn chpn phuang phip vfti ram vio dit Tgp chi Khoa hgc TrudngDgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien Cong nghi vd Mdi trudng 32 (2014): 87-93 Lugng rom ddt ngoai ddng (Bing 6) dugc udc tinh dua theo ty If ddt rom vi Iugng rom phat sinh d tftng vung theo cdng thfte (3) Ty If trung binh dugc sft dung dl udc tinh cho quy md todn DBSCL O hiu hit eic dja phuang Idiio sat Iugng rom ddt ngoii ddng it d vy Thu Ddng vi nhidu d vu Ddng Xuan Kit qui udc tinh cho thiy lugng rom ddt vu cua ci viing DBSCL nam 2011 la 20,93 tiifu tin, vy Ddng Xuan chilm ban phan nfta lupng ram ddt 11,23 trifu tin, it nhit Ii vu Thu Ddng 0,91 tiifu tin Troi^ cae dja phuang khio sat thi Iugng rom dupe dot nhilu rtiiit li tai An Giang 4,63 tiifu tin va it nhit li d Cin Tha 1,20 Uifu tin Tai Kien Giang mic du cd lugng ram phat sinh nhieu (3,94 trifu tin), nhung lugng ram ngudi din ddt khdng cao dja phuong cd ty If hd chpn phuang phip ddt ram thip (49,7%) (Bing 2) Lugng thai nha kinh tft vide dot rom dugc tinh theo cdng thfte (4) cd moi quan hf ty If thuan vdi lugng rom ddt Trong sd cae dja phuang khao sit thi An Giang cd Iugng phit thii nha kinh Idn nhit, thudng tip trung vao vy Ddng Xuin, thdi didm ma cd lupng ram phit sinh nhidu va tj tf hd ddt rom cao (2.092,54 nghin tin CO2) Ddng Thip va Kien Giang thi cd tupng phat tiiii nhi kinh tuong duong (tren 1100 nghhi tin CO2), cdn d Cin Tho thi cd lupng phit thdi thip nhit (703,23 ngliin tin CO2) Trong tiianh phin nha kinh phat sinh tft vide ddt rom thi CO2 ctiidm ly le tdn nhat, chiem tidn 97% tdng lupng sinh LTdc tinh nam 2011 thi lupng CO2 phit smh cho toan vftng DBSCL li 17.949,57 nghin tin Trong do, vy Ddng Xudn ddng gdp 53,7% lupng CO2 sinh cua ci nim Lugi^ CO va NOx thi chilm ty If nhd tdng lugng phit sinh (Bing 7) Bang 6: Lirgng rom ddt ngoai ddog ciia cic tinh va DBSCL Theo Vifn Khoa hpc Ndng nghifp Vift Nam (2010), mdi nam Iugng phit thdi nhd kinh tft Dan vi tinh: trieu > tdn boat dpng ndng nghifp la 65 trifu tan COi, chidm Bdng Xutn 2011 Bja dilm Thu BSng 43% tdng Iugng nhi kinh ciia cd nude Trong Kien Giang 0,01 1,48 1,96 lupng CO2 phat thai tft ddt ram ciia DBSCL D^ng Thap 1,36 3,05 chilm khoang gan mdt phin ba lugng CO2 phit Can Tho 0,82 1,20 thii tu boat ddng ndng nghifp ciia ca nude An Giang 2,44 4,63 0,02 0,91 11,23 20,93 BBSCL Bang 7: Lugng phat thai nhi kinh sau ddt rmn cua cac tinh va DBSCL Dm I vj tinh:,nghin tdn Ca nam 2011 Vy Bong Xuka VuThu BOng COi CO NO, CO NO, CO NO, COi COi 0,73 1.680,90 45,47 0,97 1.269,25 34,34 0,23 0,00 KiSn Giang 8,58 0,67 2.615,68 70,76 1,51 31,55 1.166,34 D^ng Thap 0,41 1.029,12 27,84 0,60 19,02 CanTho 703,23 1,21 3.970,69 107,42 2,30 56,61 ;-An Giang ~ 17,15 2.092,54 0,46 0,01 485,58 10,38 5,57 17.949,57 9.630,85 260,54 780,42 21,11 0,45 DBSCL ddt bd Vide giy lang phi ngudn sinh khdi ddi KET LUAN VA DE XUAT dio tft ndng nghiep va phat thai mpt lupng Idn 4.1 Ketlngn CO2, CO, NOx vao biu quydn Ddt ram tryc tidp tidn ddng mfng li bien phap 4.2 Dd xuit xft ly ram phd bidn nhit hifn nay, Uong miia vu Nghien eftu cac bifn phap tin dyng ngudn rom cd ^ If ddt rom cao nhit la Ddng Xuin, tilp din li rg sau thu hoach nbu sft dung dl san xuit smh H^ Thu v i Thu Ddng T>' If ngudi din vfti rom trdn hpc nhim han chd vifc ddt ram giy ling phi ngudn tu^ng vk trdng nam cao nhit d vy Thu Ddng lin tii nguyen sinh khdi va d nhilm mdi trudng lugt chilm 26,1% va 8,14%; tiong eic bifn phap xft ly rom khac nhu chin nudi, bin hoic TAI LIEU THAM KHAO cho li chilm t^ If rit thip Da sd ndng din deu ed Aalde, H., (2006) Agriculture, Forestry and khuynh hudng gift nguyen tgp quin ddt ram tiong Other Land Use - Generic Methodologies cic nim tilp tiieo Applicable to Multiple Landuse Categories Lugng ram rg phit smh d DBSCL hin^ nim Ii Instimte for Global Environmental Strategies rit Idn tiong kbi Iugng ram rg niy hiu het diu bi (IGES), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phin A: Khoa hgc Ty nhien, Cdng nghi vd Mdi truong 32 (2014): 87-93 Bp Tii nguyen vi Mdi trudng, 2010 Bao cio Mdi tmdng Qudc gia nSm 2010 - Tdng quan Mdi trudng Vift Nam Gadde B., Bonnet S.,MenkeC., and S Garivate (2009) Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines Journal of Environmental Pollution, Vol 157, pI554-I558 He Y, Pang Y, Liu Y, Li X, and Wang K, 2008 Physieochemical characterization of rice straw preueated with sodium hydroxide in the solid state for enhancing biogas production Energy and Fuels 22,2775-2781 IPCC, 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Clunate Change 2007 http ://http://www.ipcc.eh/pubtications_and_ data/pub lications_and_data_reports.shtml# UooeZeL9Whs Tmy cap 18 thdng 11 nam 2013, Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005 Dinh gia tie dpng kinh td - mdi trudng eia tip qudn ddt ram d Ddng bang sdng Cftu Long Luin van thgc sT chuyen nginh Khoa hpc mdi trudng Tmdng Dm hpc C§n Tha Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005 Danh gia tic dfng kinh te - mdi trudng ciia tip quan ddt rom d Ddng bing sdng Cim Long Luan vin thgc sT chuyen nganh Khoa hpc mdi trudng Tmdng Dgi hpc Cin Tho Nguyin Thinh Hdi, 2008 Anh hudng sy chon vui ram tuai Uong dit ngip nude ddn sinh tmdng eiia lua (Oryza sativa L.) d Ddng bing sdng Cftu Long Luan in Tiln sT Ndng nghifp Trudng Dgi hpc Can Tho, U 46-55 Nguydn Vin Thu,2010.Kltquibudcdiu khio sat sft dung cic loai thyc vgt de sin xuit kbi smh hpc pjiogas) Kj- ydu khoa hpc Khep kin cac qui tiinh tuin hoin dinh dudng ve chit co ban vd hgi ddn vf sinh tft cac be thdng thuy Ipi phi tgp trung d Ddng bing sdng Md Kdng (SANSEDII) 01/2010 Tr 8 - I O.Nguyen V6 Chiu Ngin, 2012 Khi ning sft dyng lye bmh vi rom lam nguyen lifu ngp bd sung cho him ft biogas Tap ctu Khoa hoc 2012:22a 213-221 Dai hpc Cin Tha 11 Toi^ eye tiidng kd Vift Nam, 2013 http://gso.gov vn/default.aspx?tabid=717 Tmy cap ngiy I8/11/2013 12 Tong cue Thong kd, 2012 Nidn giim Thdng kd 2011 NXB Thdng kd Ha Nfi 13 Vifn Khoa hpc Ndng nghifp Vift Nam, 2010 http://www,vaas,org.vn/khai-gianglop-tap-huan-cac-bien-phap-tiem-nanggiam-thai-kbi-nha-kinh-tiong-san-xuatnong-nghiep-tai-thanh-pho-ho-ehi-minha6660.html Tmy cap 15/04/2014 14 Vlasenko E Y et al„ 1997 Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretieated rice stiaw Bioresource Technology 59,109-119 15 Wati L, Kumari S, Kundu B S, 2007 Paddy stiaw as subsuate for ethanol production Indian J Microbiol,, 47,26-29 16 Yoswathana N, Phuriphipat P, Treyawuttiiiwat P, Eshtiaghi M N, 2010 Bioetbanol production from rice stiaw Energy Research J 1(1), 26-31 ... Cftu Long Luin van thgc sT chuyen nginh Khoa hpc mdi trudng Tmdng Dm hpc C§n Tha Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005 Danh gia tic dfng kinh te - mdi trudng ciia tip quan ddt rom d Ddng bing sdng Cim Long. .. A: Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Cong nghi vd Mdi Irudng: 32 (2014): 87-93 GIOflTHlEU Ddng birig sdng Cftu Long (DBSCL) li mot vimg sin xuit Ifta Upng dilm cfta Viet Nam, vdi dien tich cbi chilm 12,1% difn... vui ram tuai Uong dit ngip nude ddn sinh tmdng eiia lua (Oryza sativa L.) d Ddng bing sdng Cftu Long Luan in Tiln sT Ndng nghifp Trudng Dgi hpc Can Tho, U 46-55 Nguydn Vin Thu,2010.Kltquibudcdiu