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G TAM LY - XA HOI VIEN NAM THQ NHAT DAI HOC HAI PHONG POSTS Nguyen Thi Minh Hang Khoa Tdm ly hoc, Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi vd Nhdn vdn, Dai hoc QuSc gia HdNdi Cao Thj Thanh Nhan ' TOM TAT Nghien ciiru duac tien hdnh tic thdng din thdng 6/2016 tren 277 sinh viin nam thir nhdt Trudng Dgi hoc Hdi Phong Phuang phdp nghien ciru chinh Id dieu tra bdng bdng hdi Kit qud nghiin cuu cho thdy, phan lan sinh viin thich ung tdm ly - xa hpi d mite dp trung binh, cdc em thich ung v&i cdc mdi quan h$ xd hpi vd npi gtry trudng hpc cao han so vdi thich ^g tdm ly ben Co nhiiu yiu t6 dnh hudng den sif thich img tdm ly -xd hpi cua sinh viin, bao gom cdc yeu to thupc ve sinh viin, cdc yeu to thupc ve ngudi khdc vd cdc yeu to thupc ve moi trudng vat chdt Trong sd do, yeu td lua chon nganh hpc theo sd thich cua bdn thdn, su ho tra tic gidng vien vd cd vdn hpc tgp cUng nhu su ho tra ve phuong tiin hpc tap ciia nhd trudng cd dnh hudng mgnh nhdt den mice dp thich ung tdm ly - xd hpi cua sinh vien ndm thu nhdt TUT khoa: Thich img tdm ly; Thich irng xd hpi; Thich ung tdm ly - xd hpi; Sinh vien ndm thii nhdt Ngdynhdnbdi: 191912016; Ngdy duyet dang bai: 25/2/2017 ABSTRACT Research was conductedfromJanuary to June 2016 on 277freshmenstudents at Hai Phong University The main research method was self-reported questionnaire Re showed that the majority ofstudents had socially and psychologically adapted at modera level Students reached higher level of adaptation into social relationships and univers rules than their own psychological issues There were factors affecting students' soc psychological adaptation, includingfactorsfromstudents themselves,fromthe others, a from infrastructure conditions Among those factors, students'preference for his/her ma supportfromuniversity and lecturers and support of learning resources were the mo influential Key words: Psychological adaptation; Social adaptation; Socio-psychological adaptation; Freshmen students TAP CHl TAM Ly HOC, S63 (216) - 2017 33 Sat van de Sinh vien la mot nhom xa h6i dac biet, la tang lop tinh hoa cua tu6i tre Nhiem vu quan trpng nhit cua sinh vien la hoc tap va ren luygn nhan each de tid luc luong lao dpng tri thiic tucmg lai cho dat nuoc Bi thuc hien tot nhiSm vu do, sinh vien phai thich ung tam ly - xa hpi t6t moi truong mod a dai hoc DSi voi sinh vien nam Ihii nhdt thi nhiem vu cap thijt hom bao gid het, boi le CO su thay d6i mang tinh buac ngoat cupc song, hoc tap, cac m6i quan he xa hpi Tuy vay, mpt s6 nghien cuu cho thay, co nhiiu ban smh vien nam thu nhit chua thich ling duoc vol moi truang hpc tap (Clinciu, 2013), di6m hpc tap thSp, chan nan viec hoc (Wilson, 2011), tra nen thu minh, khong thich tiSp xuc voi (Grant - Vallone va cpng su), Ben canh do, nhi^u ban sinh vien phai song xa gia dinh nen khong thich ling duoc vol cupc s6ng moi din toi nhirng he luy nhu chua biet cham soc ban than, dl bi loi keo du d6 tham gia vao nhOng te nan xau nhu ccr bac, nghien game, nghien hiit, bo hpc gitta chimg (Dap Thi Duy Duyen, 2013) Sinh vien Truang Dai hpc Hai Phong cung khSng ngoai le Khi tiep xuc vai cac giang vien va can bp, chung toi dupe biet, nhimg nam gan day, ty le sinh vien nam thir nhat co ket qua hpc tdp thap cp xu hucmg tang len, mot so sinh vien vuang vao cac te nan xa hpi, cung co sinh vien phai bo hpc giua chimg Dieu cho thdy can thiet phai nghien cim ve thich img tam ly - xa hpi cua sinh vien nam thii nhat de co the giup cac em sinh vien cung nhu nha truang co nhirng bien phap phii hap nham tang kha nang thich img tam ly - xa hpi cua cac em Cac cau hoi nghien cim dat la: sinh vien nam thii nhdt Truong Dai hgc Hai Phong thich img tam ly - xa hpi a miic dp nao? Nhiing yiu to nao anh huong den su thich img tam ly - xa hpi ciia cac em? Co the tac dpng vao yeu to nao de nang cao kha nang thich irng tam 1^ - xa hpi ciia cac em? Khai niem Trong Tam Iy hpc duong dai, c6 ba each tiep can nghien cim vi thich irng tam ly - xa hoi, la: nghien ciru dac diem cua qua trinh thich ling, nghien ciru ca che cua qua trinh thich irng va nghien ciru kit qua thich irng Trong nghien cuu cua chung toi, thich irng tam ly - xa hpi cua sinh vien duoc nghien cim tir tiep can ket qua thich irng tren ca so kl thira mpt s6 nghien ciru cap nhat tren thi gi6[ (Wilson, 2011; Clinciu, 2013) va a Viet Nam (Trdn Thj Minh Dire, 2004; Nguyin Xuan Thirc, 2005) Theo do, khai niem thich irng tam ly - xa hoi ciia sinh vien duac hilu la sinh vien cd cdc cdm xuc tich cite vd it cdm xiic tieu cue, yeu cugc sdng vd trdn day ndng lugng cho mgi hogt dgng ciia minh Bdng thai, sinh vien hoa nhgp tot vdo cdc mil quan he xd hgi mai, irng xir mgt cdch phu hgp v&i ngi quy trudng hgc vd tham gia cdc hogt ddng xd hdi di tdn tai vd phdt trien 34 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, ,S6 (216), - 2(117 Tren quan diim nay, thich ling tam ly - xa hpi cua sinh vien nam thir nhat Trudng Dai hpc Hai Phong (sau day gpi tat la sinh vien nam thir nhat) duac luong boi hai biin s6 la thich img tam ly va thich irng xS hpi: (i) thich iing tdm ly 14 sinh vien co nhiiu cam xiic tich cue, it cac cam xiic tiSu c\ic, yeu cupc song; (ii) thich img xa hgi la sinh vien hoa nhap t6t vao moi quan he vdi ban, vai thay/c6 giao; tuan thi npi quy cua truong ciing nhu tich cue tham gia ho?t dong xa hoi Tren co so kl thira kit qua nghiSn cim ciia cac tac gia tren the gioi (Redmond va Bunyi, 1993; Grant - Vallone va Ensher, 2000; Enochs va Renk, 2006; Adler va cpng su, 2008; Wilson, 2011; Clmciu, 2013), chiing toi xac dinh cac biin s6 CO bdn sau day co thd dnh huong dSn su thich img tam ly - xa h6i cua sinh vien nam thii nhat: (i) cdc bien sd thudc ve sinh vien nhu gioi tinh, que quan, khu vuc s6ng truo'c day la nong thon hay thj, sing ciing gia dinh hay khong, muc dich hpc tap, dpng CO hpc tap, tinh each huong npi hay huong ngoai; (ii) cdc bien sd thuge mdi tnrdng vdi chdt nhu ho trp ve tai ehinh, ho tra ve hpc lieu, ho tra vl nha d, ho trp ve phuang tien hpc tap mdi; (iii) cdc bien sd thudc ve nhirng ngirdi lien quan nhu ban than; ban trai/ban gai; co anh/chi dang hpc ciing trucmg; su ho tro ciia eo vdn hpc tap; su h6 tro cua thdy/co giao; su ho trp ciia can bp phong, ban chiic nang Phucng phap nghien cu-u Phucmg phap nghien cim chinh la dieu tra bang bang hoi Bang hoi dupe thiet ke de luong (i) thich irng tam ly ciia sinh vien; (ii) thich ling xa hpi cua sinh vien; (iii) cac yeu to anh huong den thich ling tam ly - xa hpi cua sinh vien nam thir nhat Ngoai ra, nghien ciru sir dung phucmg phap thao luan nhom, phong van sau va phuang phap xir ly so lieu bdng phan mem SPSS 16.0 Dieu tra thir tien hanh thang 3/2016 tren 49 sinh vien nam thir nhat Dieu tra chinh thirc dien thang va thang 5/2016 tren 320 sinh vien nam thir nhat, nhien, chi co 277 phieu du tieu chudn de xii ly va phan tich s6 lieu Cac so lieu cu the ve dp tin cay cua thang duoc hien thi bang sau day Bdng 1: Chi sd Alpha ciia Cronbaeh ciia cdc thang Dieu tra thu- Dieu tra chinh fhirc Thich irng tam ly Thang 0,64 0,73 Thich irng xahpi 0,72 0,78 Thich irnt; tam ly - xa hgi 0,63 0,75 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, SO (216) - 2017 35 Bang 2: Diim trung binh vd xep hang gid tri trung binh cita cdc thang Thang BTB/DLC MIJC xep hang gia tri trung binh cac bien Thap Trung binb Cao Thich ung tam ly 2,93/0,36 - 2,55 2,56 - 3,28 3,29 - 4,0 Thich ling xa hoi 3,13/0,20 - 3,00 3,01-3,41 3,42 - 4,0 Thich ixn% tam ly - xa hpi 3,06/0,25 - 2,81 2,82-3,31 3,32-4,0 Cac cau hoi co thang diem tii - tuong ling vol miic dp hanh vi/bilu hien thich ling la thucmg xuyen, khd thuang xuyen, it va khdng bao gid Trong moi thang deu co cac biiu hien thich ling tich cue va tieu cue D6i voi nhiing menh de tieu cue, xii ly s6 lieu chiing toi da d6i diim ngugc lai Cac thang dSu CO phan phoi chuan, do, cac miic diim trung binh duac tinh tren co so DTB ± DLC Ket qua nghien ciiu va ban luan Thucc Irang thich urng cua sinh vien nam IhirnhSt Ll Miic thich irng tdm ly - xd hdi Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, phdn Idn sinh vien nam thir nhdt thich ling tam ly - xa hpi a mirc dp trung binh (biiu dl 1) Cu thi, dua vao cac mirc diim trung binh da neu cr bang co thi phan chia ba nhom sinh vien nhu sau: co 14,2% so sinh vien thich img mirc thap; 73,9% thich ling miic ttung binh va 11,9% thich img muc cao • Mirc thap • MiVc tmng binh B Miic cao Thich irng TL-XH Thich lingtSm ly Bieu 1: Mice thich irng tdm ly - xa hdi ciia sinh vien ndm thir nhdt 36 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So' (2 16) - 2017 1.2 Mirc dg thich img tdm ly Ket qua phan tich s6 Ueu cho thdy, co 13,7% so sinh vien nam thii nhat thich ung or miic thdp, 72,9% s6 sinh vien thich ling or mu:c trung binh va 13,4% s6 sinh vien thich ung 6" miic cao Nhu vdy, ciing giong vai hire tranh thich iing tam ly - xa hpi, da so sinh vien thich ling tdm ly a mirc trung binh Nhu tren da trinh bay, thich iimg tdm ly hilu hifin qua viec trdi nghiem nhieu cdm xiic tich cue, ding thoi co it cam xiic tieu cue Biiu hien cdm xuc tich cue ghi nhan dupe a sinh vien cr miic trung binh (DTB chung = 2,86) Bang so lieu cho thdy, cam xiic yeu cuoc song thi hien a miic cao (DTB = 3,31), tiSp den la cac cam xiic khdc bieu hien a miic trung binh tiem can miic eao nhu cdm thdy vui ve, yeu thich hogt dgng hgc tap, vui choi, voi DTB lan lupt la 3,15 va 3,08 Nhimg cdm xiic khdc nhu an tgdn, trdn day ndng lugng, hgnh phiic, ludn a trgng thdi cdn bdng, tin tudng vdg mgi ngirdi ciing bieu hien a mu:c trung binh Bdng 3: Thich irng tdm ly ciia sinh vien bieu hien qua cdm xuc tich cue Thu-orng xuyen Mirc danh gia (%) Kha thuomg xuyen Thinh thoang Khong bao gior DTB DLC Mirc thich ling Yeu cupc song 48,9 35,4 13,5 2,2 3,31 0,78 Cao Cam thay vui ve 36,1 44,4 18,1 1,4 3,15 0,76 Yeu thich boat doug hgc tap, vui chai 36,6 36,6 24,6 2,2 3,08 0,83 Co cam giac an toan 33,9 40,8 21,3 4,0 3,05 0,84 Cam thay tran day nang luong cac hoat done 24,2 46,9 27,1 1,8 2,93 0,76 Cam thay hanh phuc 24,1 36,5 36,5 2,9 2,82 0,83 Luon cr trang thai can bang 20,2 39,7 35,0 5,1 2,75 0,83 Tin tuong vao mpi nguoi Cam tliay 1^'tin 19,1 34,7 40,1 6,1 2,67 0,85 15.2 29,2 49.5 6,1 2,53 0,82 Yeu ban llian 3,2 10,5 67.8 18,5 r,99 0,64 2,83 0,79 Ciiin xuc DTB chung TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, So ( , - Trung binh Thap Trung binh Nhu v|y, nhirng biiu hi?n rdt dac tnmg ciia thich img tam ij la yeu cuOc sing, tran ddy nang lupng sing va cam giac h?inh phuc, an toan deu hien dien a miic cao va miic trung bmh smh viSn nam thii nhdt Duy chi co cdm thdy tir tin vayeu bdn thdn biiu hien a miic thdp, voi DTB = 2,53 va 1,99; c6 55,6% s6 sinh vien khong cam thdy tu tin hojc chi thuih thodng moi cam thdy tu tm Chia se vl diiu nay, mat s6 em cho rdng, cdc em khong tu tin vi mot s6 yiu t6 nhu moi truang xa la, ichong co nguai quen, trudng qud lan ca vl khong gian va s6 luong sinh vien; mpt si sinh vien khdc lai khong tu tiri vi cho rdng "minh dn mac que sa vdi mgi ngu&i trudng' (philu phong vdn so 2) Bieu hien kem thich ling nhdt Id co 18,5% s6 sinh vi6n khdng bao gia cam thiy yeu bdn thdn vd 67,8% s6 sinh vien ehi thinh thodng mdi co cam xiic Thao ludn nhom nho vol 10 smh vien cho thdy, ly md cac ban sinh vien chua yeu bdn than vi co nhiiu diim cac ban khong hai long voi ban than va c6 phan tu ti Id: diem thi dgi hgc thdp hon cdc ban khdc, hgc kem han, thdn hinh beo, dn mac que, hinh thitc khdng dep, dieu kien gia dinh khd khdn, Biiu hien thich img tam ly ciia sinh vien nam thii nhat duoc nghien ciiu thfing qua bieu hien cam xiic tieu cue Bdng 4: Thich img tdm ly cua sinh vien bleu hien qua cdm xiic tieu circ Miic danh gia (%) Ciiin xuc Thirfrng xuyen Kha thuorng xuyen Thinh thoang Khong bao gitf DTB DLC Miic dp thich iing Cao Cam thay ghet ban than 2,5 1,8 32,5 63,2 3,56 0,67 Cam thay met moi 16,3 70,7 10,5 2,5 3,01 0,60 Tiic gian vo ccr 5,0 11,6 61,7 21,7 3,0 0,73 Cam thay kh6chiu 1,8 11,6 72,2 14,4 2,99 0,67 Cam thay lo lang 5,4 15,9 53,1 25,6 2,99 0,79 Cam thay bat an 4,0 11,3 66,9 17,8 2,99 0,57 Cam thay that VOUR 6,1 10,1 74,4 9,4 2,87 0,65 Cam thay co dan 9,0 14,8 57,4 18,8 2,86 0,82 3,03 0,68 DTB chung 38 Trung binh Trung binh TAPCHITAMLyH0C,S('i3 (216), - Sinh viSn ndm thir nhdt co miic d6 biiu hi§n cdm xiic tiSu cue d miic trung binh (BTB chung = 3,03) Ty 1$ sinh vito thudng xuyen va khd thudng xuySn cd nhiing cam xiic tieu cue nhu tiic gign vd cd, lo ldng, bdt an, that vgng, c6 dan dao dOng tir 1,8% din 15,9% Duy chi cd cdm thdy m^t moi Id kha phd biin d sinh vien vdi 16,3% s6 em cd cdm giac ndy d miic thudng xuyen va 70,7% d m4c khd thudng xuyen Chia se vl diiu nay, mot s6 sinh vien cho biit, cdc em thudng cdm thdy m?t mdi Id vi chua thich ling dupe vdi phuong phdp hpc tap, s6 lugmg tdi lieu can phdi dpc rat nhiSu Hon niia, mdt s6 sinh vito sdng xa gia dinh, chua quen vdi viSc tvt l|p n6n cac em cam thdy m$t mdi vi vira phdi lo hpc tap, vita lo cuoc sing sinh ho?t, hf cham sdc ban than I Ben c?nh dd, vi sdng xa gia dinh vd ehua thuc svr kit ndi, hda nhdp vdi bsin be n6n cd 23,8% s6 sinh vien thudng xuySn va khd thudng xuySn cam thdy cd dan Kit qud nghi&i ciiu ciing cho thdy, mdc dii cd 18,5% vd 67,8% sd sinh vien khong bao gia va chi thinh thoang cam thdy yeu ban thdn nhung dieu khdng dong nghia vdi vi& sinh vien ghet ban than Bdng chumg la cd din 63,2% sd sinh viSn cho biit hp khdng bao gia ghet bdn thdn, 32,5% sd sinh vien chi thinh thodng ghet ban than, Ly sinh vien khdng yeu bdn thdn chi vi khdng hdi long ve hinh thuc, ve trang phuc, cdm thdy chira gioi bdng ngudi khac chu: khdng phai la nhiing cam nhjn cam ghet bdn than th\rc sir 1.3 Mirc thich ting xd hgi Bieu dd cho chung ta thdy, ly le sinh vi8n thich img xa hdi thdp, trung binh, cao Idn lupt Id: 15,3%; 14,1% vd 70,6% Diim tnmg binh cila thich ling xa hdi d sinh vito Id 3,24 (DLC = 0,73) Xu hudng ndy cung gidng vdi thich iing tdm 1^, cd nghia la nhdm sinh vien duoc nghiSn ciiu thich img vdi cac mdi quan hS xa hdi d mirc trung binh Vay, thich (tng ciia sinh vien vdi cac mdi quan h? xS hdi khac dupe bieu hien nhu the nao? Phan phdn tich sau ddy se trd Idi cho cau hdi ndy Bdng 5: Thich icngxd hgi cita sinh vien bieu hien trgng quan hi vdi bgn Miic danh gia (%) Cac bieu hien ThiroTig xuyen Khi thuomg xuyen Thinh thoang Khong bao giir DTB DLC Ton trpng ban be 73,3 25,3 0,7 0,7 3,71 0,51 Yeu t)uv ban be 68,2 27,1 4,0 0,7 3,63 0,59 Co ban^h6m ban than 71,1 16,6 11,6 0,7 3,58 0,72 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, So (216), - Mirc «9 thich ling Cao 39 60,0 3,47 0,76 8,7 1,4 3,44 0,71 28,5 3,2 2,97 0,85 30,3 1,1 2,91 0,76 38,1 30,4 4,3 2,88 0,86 28,2 46,9 6,5 2,58 0,86 3,24 0,73 4,4 3,6 Hoa d6ng voi ban be 56,0 33,9 Chu dgng tham gia cac hoat dong cting ban be 31,8 36,5 Giup Ad b ^ hgc tap va cuoc sdng 23,8 44,8 Chu dgng giao tiep vrfri ban be 27,2 Chia se kh6 khan ciia minh v(5i ban be 18,4 Khong tha a tnroc nhQng kho Idian ciia ban 32,0 DTB chung Thdp Trung binh So lieu bang cho thay, mac du thich ling xa hoi chung cua sinh vien a miic trung binh nhung co sir phan hoa Icm giua cac bieu hien thich ung xa hoi Cu the, cac bieu hien nhu tdn trpng bgn, yeu quy ban, cd bgn/nhom bgn thdn, khdng thd a trude nhimg khd khdn cua bgn, hda dong vai bgn co diem trung binh miic cao, l§n luat la 3,71; 3,63; 3,58; 3,47 va 3,44 Ngugc lai, cac biiu hien hanh vi mang tinh chii dong nhu tham gia hogt dpng ciing bgn be, giup dd bgn be, giao tiep vdi bgn va chia se khd khan vdi bgn thi sinh vien it thuc hien (DTB tii 2,58 den 2,97 - biiu hien thich iing cr miic thap) Thich ling xa hpi cua sinh vien dugc bieu hien quan he vai giang vien Bdng 6: Thich irng xd hpi cua sinh vien bieu hien qua moi quan he vol gidng vien Cac nhan dinh Thuotig xuyen Mirc danh gia (%) Kha Khong Thinh thuong bao thoang xuyen gio DTB DLC Kinh thay co 75,1 18,4 6,5 0,0 3,79 0,59 Yen quy thay co 59,8 27,9 10,9 1,4 3,56 0,74 Ngai ngung giao tiep vai thay/co' 4.3 11,9 61,0 22,8 3,22 0,72 TAP CHI TAM LV Miic thich ung Cao Trung binh HOC, So (2 16) - 2(117 Kliong diiy xa I9 voi thSy/co 29,3 28,9 33,9 7,9 2,89 0,95 Chu dgng giao tiep v6i thSv/co 13,3 15,9 52,0 18,8 2,34 0,90 8,3 14,4 63,2 14,1 2,27 0,76 Bay to quan diSm cua iian than vori thay/c6 6,5 9,4 61,4 22,7 1,97 0,76 Chia se kho khan cua minh vi5ri thSy/co 4,0 6,1 50,2 39,7 1,79 0,74 2,73 0,76 Chu dgng hoi thay/ CO nhung di^u minh chua biet Thap DTB Chung Thap Ghi chii: * la menh de da dirge dot diem ngugc Igi tinh BTB Bang cho thay, ve cam xuc vdi thay co thi sinh vien thich iing d miic cao, bieu hien la tdn trgng vd yeu quy thay cd (DTB = 3,69 vd 3,46) Mac dii vdy, sinh vien cdn nggi ngiing giao tiep vdi thdy/cd (DTB = 3,22) Nhung hanh vi giao tiep nhu chu ddng giao tiep, hdi thdy/cd ve nhirng dieu chua biet, bdy td quan diem ciia bdn thdn, chia se khd khdn ciia minh chi bieu hien d mirc thdp Sinh vien ly giai dieu la "em cdm thdy khd nggi ngiing vi cir cd cdm gidc khdng tu tin, khdng biet ndi gi vdi cdc thdy/cd tiep xiic" (phieu phong van so 3) Co the thay rang, sinh vien nam thir nhat thich img tot hon mdi quan he vdi ban be va thich img kem han moi quan he vdi thay/cd gido Su thich img xa hpi bieu hien img xir cua sinh vien vdi cac noi quy ciia trudng dai hpc va tham gia cac boat dpng xa hpi Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, sinh vien nam thir nhat tuan thii tdt npi quy tnrdng hpc Tuy nhien, vdn cdn mpt so vi pham lien quan den thi cu nhu sir dung tdi lieu thi (8,3% sd sinh vien thuang xuyen va khd thudng xuyen vi pham, 31,4% thinh thodng vi pham) Xet long the thi mirc dp thich img cua sinh vien vdi noi quy ciia trudng vdn d mirc cao (DTB dao dpng tir 3,49 - 4,00) NIU sinh vien thich img vai noi quy truang hpc chii yiu d mirc cao thi biiu hien thich ung viec tham gia boat dpng xa hpi cua sinh vien chi d mirc Ihdp (DTB = 2,27) Vai cac boat dpng tinh nguyen, so lupng sinh vien tham gia ddng hon va d muc thuong xuyen hon (DTB = 2,54) so vdi hoat dpng van nghe (DTB = 2,01) Co thi thay rang, mot bp phan sinh vien chua chii dpng, tich cue tham gia hail dpng xa hpi Mac du co su phan hda manh biiu hien thich irng TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, So (2 16) - 2017 vdi ndi quy ttudng hoc vd thich iing vdi hoat ddng xa hpi nhung miic dp thi'ch img ehung cua sinh vien vdn d mure cao (DTB chung = 3,43) Nhu vdy, miic dp thich irng xd hdi ciia smh vien d miic trung binh, do, thich ling xa hdi mdi quan he vdi ban biiu hien d miie trung bmh, thich ling xa hdi mdi quan he vdi (hkylco a miic thdp, cdn thich ling vdi npi quy trudng hpc vd boat ddng xa hdi d mdc cao Ket qud cQng cho thdy, miic dp thich img xa hdi (DTB = 3,13) cua sinh vien cao hon so vdi miic dp thich ling tam ly (DTB = 2,93) Kiim dinh he sd tuong quan Pearson cho thay, thich ling tam ly cd tuong quan thuan d miic tnmg binh vdi thich ling xa hdi (r = 0,49; p = 0,00), thich iing tam ly - xa hpi cd tuong quan thudn vd rat chat che vdi thich ung tdm ly (r = 0,93; p = 0,00) va vdi thich urng xa hpi (r = 0,77; p = 0,00) Nhu vay, timg mat thich irng cd tuong quan thuan chat che vdi va tuong quan vdi tdng thi thich img tam ly - xa hdi Ket qud nghien cuoi cua chiing tdi khdng ddng nhdt vdi nghien cim ciia Redmond vd Bunyi (1993) hai tdc gid cho rang: mdi quan he giiia thich img tam ly vd xa hpi khdng thuc su ro rdng Nhu vay, sinh vien nam thir nhdt thich img tdt ve tam ly se keo theo sir thich ling tdt ve xa hpi vd nguac lai Tdm lai, mdi trudng sdng va hpc tap thay ddi, sinh vien nam thii nhat thich irng nhanh va tdt hon vdi mdi trudng ben ngodi so vdi viec tu dieu chinh de can bang cam xuc ben Cdc yeu to dnh hudng den thich irng idm ly - xd hgi cua sinh vien ndm thie nhat 2.1 Anh hudng ciia mgt sd bien nhdn khau Nghien cim ciia Enochs va Renk (2006) va Wilson (2011) cho thiy rdng, nam sinh vien thich nghi vdi mdi trudng dai hpc mdi tdt hon nil sinh vien Ket qua nghien cim chiing tdi thu duac khdng du co sd ket luan cd sir khdc ve thich img tam ly - xa hpi d sinh vien nam (DTB = 3,02) va smh vien nu (DTB = 2,08) vdi p = 0,10 Dac diem cung tdn tai d hai mat thich irng tam ly va thich img xa hpi (p > 0,05) Nhirng bien so nhan khau khac nhu sdng ciing gia dinh hay sdng xa gia dinh, que a Hai Phong hay d nhirng tinh khac, dia ban sdng trude day la thi hay ndng thdn khdng anh hudng din sir thich img tam ly - xa hdi cua sinh vien (p > 0,05) Bieu khac vdi kit qud nghien ciiu eiia Adler J va cpng su (2008) khang dinh nhirng sinh vien hpc dai hpc song gdn gia dinh va nhirng sinh vien sdng tai cac thj se cd su thich img tdt hon Cd thi, van hda Viet Nam, sinh vien d ciing gia dinh thi cac em dupe cha me bao bpc nen kha nang tu lap va sir nang dpng se it nhiiu bi han chi Con nhimg sinh vien ••2 TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd ( ) , - 20 i sdng xa gia dmh, xa su cham sdc hdng cua cha me budc phdi tir Itp, t\i chdm sdc vd tu lo cho cupc sdng cua mmh, vdy cac em ndng dpng hon vd thich umg tdt ban vdi mdi ttudng mdi 2.2 Anh huong cua dong ca lira chgn nganh hgc Kit qud nghien ciiu chi rdng, nhiing sinh vidn lira chon nganh hpc vi bdn thdn yeu thich thich ling tdm ly - xa hpi tdt ban sd sinh vien cdn lai d cd hai mat biiu hidn Id thich ung tdm ly va thich img xd hpi (p < 0,01) Ben cfinh dd, nhiing sinh vien chon ngdnh hoc vi Id nganh ciia bd me vd nhdm sinh vien ehpn ngdnh vi diim ddu vdo thdp diu thich ling tam ly - xa hdi thdp hon nhdm sinh vien khdng ehpn ngdnh hpc vi nhihig ly ndy d cd hai mat biiu hien (p = 0,03 va p < 0,01) Ngoai ra, nhdm sinh vien ehpn ngdnh hpc vl trao liru xd hgi thich ling xa hpi thap hon nhung sinh vien cdn lai (p = 0,04) Nhiing ddng co lira ehpn ngdnh khdc khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke Nhu vdy, ddng co lira ehpn nganh hpc "6en trongi' nhu hpc vi bdn thdn yeu thich vd ben nggaf nhu la ngdnh cita bd me, vi trao liru xd hgi, vi diem ddu vdo thdp Id nhiing ddng CO cd dnh hudng den thich img tdm ly - xa hdi ciia sinh vien nam thir nhat Ddy la dieu ma hpc sinh THPT vd cha me can can nhac lira ehpn ngdnh hpc 2.3 Anh hudng ciia muc dich hgc tap Muc dich hpc tap dupe chia iam hai nhdm, dd la muc dich cd nhdn nhu hpc de khang dinh bdn than, cd vi the xa hdi, ed edng viec dam bao cupc sdng vd muc dich xd hgi nhu phue vu que huong, ddt nude, thda man mong mudn truyen dat tti thirc eho ngudi khac Phan tich ket qua nghien cim cho thay, nhdm sinh vien xdc dinh dugc muc dich hgc tap ro rdng cd mirc dp thich ling tam ly - xa hdi tdt hon so vdi nhdm sinh vien chua xac djnh duac muc dich hpc tap (p = 0,03) Cu the, nhdm sinh vien hpc de khdng dinh bdn thdn cd mirc dp thich ling xa hdi tdt hem nhdm sinh vien eon lai (p ^ 0,02); nhdm sinh vien cd muc dich hpc tap de thda mdn mong mudn truyen dgt tri thicc cho ngudi khdc cd mirc dp thich irng tdm ly - xa hdi tdt hon (p < 0,01) va tdt hon d ca hai mat bieu hien (p = 0,04 va p = 0,00) 2.4 Anh hudng cita didc diem tinh cdch Kit qua cho thay, nhdm sinh vien co tinh each hudng ngoai cd DTB thich img tam ly - xa hpi la 3,09, ttong do, DTB ciia nhdm sinh vien cd tinh each hudng npi la 3,03 Su khac biet cd y nghia ve mat thdng ke Theo dd, nhdm sinh vien cd tinh each huting ngoai cd mirc dp thich ung tdm ly - xa hpi vd mtic dp thich irng xa hpi cao hon nhdm sinh vien cd tinh each huting ndi (p = 0,02) mat thich tmg tam ly, khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghia thing ke (p = 0,09) TAPCHITAMLVHOC, So (216), -2017 2.5 Anh hirang cua cdc yiu tS thuge moi truang vgt chdt Nghien cuu cia Redmond vd Bunyi (1993) cho rdng, trgr d p xa hOi cung cd tdc dpng tdi mat tuih cam, lam cho sinh vien sdng thoai mdi hon vd giam bdt nSi nhd nhd, thicli ling tdt hon vdi mdi trudng d?i hoc Kit qud nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi thing nhdt vdi quan diim neu tren Theo do, nhiing smh vien cd sir ho trg tdi chinh (p < 0,01), phuang tl4n hgc tgp (p < 0,01) va dugc ho trg hgc lifu (p = 0,04) cd miic dd thich ling tam 1;^ - xd hpi tit hon nhiJng smh vidn khdng nhdn duoc s\i giiip dd d nhiing phuang di?n ndy 2.6 Anh huong tir nhiing ngudi lien quan Khac vdi nghien ciiu cua Grant - Vallone vd Ensher (2000), ttong nghien ciiu ndy, yiu td ban be khdng dnh hudng din svr thich Ung cua sinh vien _(p > 0,05) Trong dd, nhOng ngudi nh|n dupe sif hS trg tir thdy/cd gido, cd vdn hgc tgp, cdc chuyen vien phong, ban chirc ndng va cd anh/chi dang Id sinh vien thich img tdm ly - xa hpi tdt hon d ca hai mdt biiu hi^n so vdi nhQng ngudi khdng c6 nhiing yiu td tren Kit qud nghiSn ciiu eda chiing tdi thdng nhdt vdi kit qud nghien clhi ciia G Wilson (2011) Theo dd, Wilson phat hien rdng, sinh vi6n qudc tl d Hoa Ky nhdn dugc sir hd tta tir cd vdn hpc tap cd thich ling xa hdi tit hom so vdi sinh vien khdng nhan duprc su hd ttg Dif bdo miic dS anh hitdng cua cac yiu to din thich iing tam ly-xa hgi ciia sinh vien ndm tha nh&t Chiing tdi da tien hdnh phdn tich hdi quy nhdm tim nhiing yeu td cd dnh hudng manh din thich umg tdm ly - xd h^i eda sinh vien dugc nghien ciiu Kit qud phan tich cho thay ed yeu td cd khd ndng d\r bao cao nhdt su biin thien thich ling tam ly - xd hdi cua smh viSn (bdng 7) Bang 7: Cdc yiu td dtf bag su biin thiin thich img tdm ly - xa hgi cua sinh vien Yeu to R' R'A B SE P P Nganh hgc bantiianyeu thich 0,056 0,053 -0,118 0,030 -0,237 0,000 H6 trg tir thay/c6 giao 0,130 0,127 0,124 0,020 0,361 0,000 Ho trg tir co van hoc tap 0,059 0,055 0,068 0,017 0,242 0,000 H6 trg ve phuong tien hoc tap 0,051 0,047 0,066 0,018 0,226 0,000 C6 anh/chi dang la sinh vien 0,042 0,039 -0,103 0,030 -0,206 0,001 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (216), - 2017 Trong cac yki td neu tren, hd tra tie thdy/co gido co y nghia du bao cao nhdt, du bao dugc 12,7% sir biSn thien thfch iing tam ly - xS hOi ciia sinh vi6n nam thii nhit; hd tra tic cd vdn hoc tap du bao dugc 5,3%; nganh hoc bdn thdn yeu thich du bao dugc 5,6%; hd tra vi phucmg tien hpc tap du bao dugc 4,7% va cd anh/chi dang la sinh vien du bao dugc 3,9% sir bien thien thich iing tSm iy - xa hoi cua sinh viSn Cac y^u t6 lai co y nghia du bao thSp (duoi 3,9%) K^t luan Ph§n Idn sinh vien nam thii nhit Truang Dai hoc Hai Phong thich ling tam ly - xa h6i d miic trung binh, do, cac em thich iing vdi m6i truang va cac moi quan he xa hgi cao han so vai thich iing tam ly ben Cac yeu td thu6c ve sinh vien nhu dgng ca lua chon nganh hoc la sir yeu thich ciia ban than, CO muc dich hgc tap ro rang, hgc dl khiing dinh ban than va thoa man mong muon truyen dat tri thiic cho nguai khac co anh huong tich cue den miic thich ling tam ly - xa hgi cua sinh vien Ben canh do, cac yeu to ben ngoai nhu sir ho trg tir thay/c6 giao, tir co van hgc tap va chuyen vien cac phong, ban chiic nang va co anh/chi dang la sinh vien cung gop phan lam cho sinh vien nam thii nhat thich iing nhanh hem va tot hon vai moi truang dai hgc Cung vai do, neu sinh vien nhan dugc sir h6 trg ve tai chinh, ve hgc lieu va phuang tien hgc tap ciing se giiip cac em thich iing tam ly - xa hpi tot han Trong so cac yeu to anh hucmg neu tren, sir ho trg tir thay co va sir ho trg tir co van hgc tap co anh huong manh nhat den kha nang thich iing tam ly - xa hgi cua sinh vien nam thii nhat Ngoai ra, viec lira chgn nganh hgc theo sof thich ciia ban than va su ho trg ve phuang tien hpc tap cung anh huong kha manh den miic thich iing tam ly xa hgi ciia cac em Tai lieu tham khao Adler J., Raju S., Beveridge A.S., Wang S., Zhu J., Zimmemiann E.M., College adjustment in University of Michigan students wilh Crohn's and colitis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Vol 14, No 9, pp 1.281 -1.286, 2008 Dao Thi Duy Duyen, Nhimg kho khdn cupc song cua sinh vien ndm thu nhdt Trudng Dgi hpc Supham Ho Chi Mmh, Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Su pham ph6 H6 Chi Minh, 56 50,2013 Tran Thi Minh Dire, Nghien ciru su thich irng ciia sinh vien ndm thie nhdl cua Dgi hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi vdi moi trudng dgi hpc, De tai cap dac biet Dai hpc Qu6c gia HaNoi, ma s6 QG.03.17, 2004 Clinciu A.I., Adaptation and Stress for the First Year University Students, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol 78, pp 718 - 722, 2013 TAPCHI'TAMLVHOC, So (216) - 45 Enochs W.K., Renk K., Social at^ustment of collegefreshmen:The importance of gender and living environment College Student Joumal, Vol 40, No 1, pp 63 - 72,2006 Grant - Vallone E., Ensher E., Effects of peer mentgring on types of mentor support, program satisfaction and graduate student stress: A dyadic perspective Journal of College Student Development, Vol 41, No 6, pp 637 - 642,2000 Nguyin Xuan Thiic, Su thich irng vdi hogt dgng ren luyin nghiep vu eda sinh vien Bai hoc Suphgm, Tap chi T&n Iy hpc, TSp (s6 77), tr 46 - 50, 2005 Wilson Georgette P., Fitting-in: Sociocultural Adaptation of International Graduate Students, Paper presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the Northeastern Educational Research Association, October, pp 19 - 21, Rocky Hill, CT, 2011.' TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, So (216) - ... dong nghia vdi vi& sinh vien ghet ban than Bdng chumg la cd din 63,2% sd sinh viSn cho biit hp khdng bao gia ghet bdn thdn, 32,5% sd sinh vien chi thinh thodng ghet ban than, Ly sinh vien khdng... ly - xa hoi ciia sinh vien duac hilu la sinh vien cd cdc cdm xuc tich cite vd it cdm xiic tieu cue, yeu cugc sdng vd trdn day ndng lugng cho mgi hogt dgng ciia minh Bdng thai, sinh vien hoa nhgp... cua sinh vien nam thir nhat Trudng Dai hpc Hai Phong (sau day gpi tat la sinh vien nam thir nhat) duac luong boi hai biin s6 la thich img tam ly va thich irng xS hpi: (i) thich iing tdm ly 14 sinh
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