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NGHIEN CCU THl/CTIEN GIAO DUC Nhu cau tham van tam li hpc ctacing cua hpc sinh trung hpc cd sd d tinh Quang Ninh TrtJdng Quang Lam', Dinh Nggc Sdn^ Le Thj Phlfd^g^ Hoang Sai^ ' Tn/dng Oai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hoi va Nhan van Oai hgc Ouoc gia Ha Npi 336 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Npi, Viet Nam Email Iamtq.psy@gmail.com = Email: dinhngocsonkhtc@gmail com ^ Email' leptiuong10B2@gmail com ' Email hoangdai.vps@quangninh.edu.vn Sd Giao due va Dao tao Quang Ninii Tang 20 - 21, Tru si) lien cd quan so 3, phudng Hong Ha, Ha Long, tinh QuSng Nmh, Viet Nam TOM TAT: Bii vHt trinh bay kit qui nghien cdu thuc trang nhu cau tham van tam li hgc dUdng cua hgc sinh trung hgc cO sd (gom 1782 hgc sinh) tai huyen/thanh thudc tlnh Quing Ninh la Ha Long va huyen Vin Don Phuong phip chfnh dugc sd dung li nghien cdu tii Hdu va dieu tra bing hoi Kit qui cho thiy, da so hgc sinh dinh gii can thiet cd phdng tam If hgc dudng trudng hgc cua cic em Ben canh dd, cic van de hgc sinh cd nhu ciu duoc tham vin tim If d mdc cao la ve kTnang sing, dinh hddng nghi nghiep, ve cim xuc vi mil quan he hgc dudng Cd sU khic biet cd y nghia thong ke ve nhu cau tham vin hoc dudng cda hgc sinh xet theo tieu chf gidi tfnh, dia ban sinh sing va khii ldp hgc Til KHOA: Nhu cau; ttiam van tam li; tham van hgc di/dng; hpc sinh trung hoc cO sd; phdng tham van hoc dUilng •» Nhan bai 30/3/2020 •* Nhan bai da chinh sda 10/4/2020 ^ Duygt dang 05/5/2020 Dat v^n d e Tham van hoc dirong dugc biet den nliu la mot hoat dgng dugc dua vao triln khai trucmg hoc o Mi tir nhung nam 1970 (Mclaughlin, 1999) Tham van hgc dudng dugc hilu la hoat dong trg giiip t4t ca cac hgc sinh (HS) nang cao nang luc tu giai quyet nhung kho khan, vu'Cfng mac hoc tap, quan he xa hgi, dinh huong nghe nghiep, phat hien som va phat tnen cac chuong trinh phong ngira, can thiep thich hgp nha tru'ong (Hoang Anh Phuoc (2014) [1] Nhilu nghien cuu da da chi tam quan ciia tham van hgc ducmg boi canh giao due huong den su phat trien toan dien cho HS cac tniong hgc (Mclaughlin (1993) [2]; Alutu va Etiobhio (2006 [3]; Daniel (2013) [4]), Cho den nay, tham van tam li hgc duong (TLHD) da va dang phat trien rat manh me d nhieu quoc gia tren the gioi, mang lai nhung hieu qua tich cue doi voi su phat trien toan dien ciia HS CJ Viet Nam, tham van TLHD la mgt hoat dgng kha moi me, dang dan dugc trien khai cac trucmg thong theo thong tu 31 /2017/TT-BGDDT cua Bg Giao due va Dao tao (GD&DT) Dieu cho thay vai tro ciia tham van TLHD truong thong Qua cac nghien cuu duoi goe tam li hpc, giao due hgc cho thay, c6 nhieu van de ve sue khoe tinh thkn dang diln HS nhu: HS CO hanh vi gay han hgc ducmg (Nguyen Thi Nhan Ai, Pham Thj Dieu Thiiy (2019) [5], Biii Thi Thu HuyIn (2019) [6]) van de ve cam xuc, moi quan he hgc ducmg (Dang Hoang Minh, Bahr Weiss, Nguyin Cao Minh, Tran Nguyen Ngpc (2013) [7]), van de siic khoe tam than cua HS lien quan din moi truong gia dinh (Nguyen Thi Minh 34 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM Hang (2014) [8]; Le Thi Thanh Huong (2019) [9]) Do do, HS can dugc can thiep, ho trg chuyen nghiep ciia tham vkn TLHD Trong pham vi bai viet, chung toi trinh bay k6t qua dieu tra thuc trang nhu cau tham van TLHD ciia HS trung hpc CO so (THCS), khao sat tai phi Ha Long va huySn Van Don, tinh Quang Ninh Bdi viit Id mgt phan kit qud nghien cuu cua de tdi: Nghien cuu vd de xudt mo hinh tham vdn TLHD cho HS THCS trin dia bdn tinh Quang Ninh, theo quyit dinh sd 3241/QD'UBND tinh Qudng Ninh ngdy 23 thdng ndm 2018, Sd Gido due vd Bdo tao tinh Qudng Ninh chii tri, ThS Dinh Nggc Son ldm chu nhiim N o l d u n g n g h i e n cuTu 2.1 Khach the va phirtfng phap nghien ciJu 2.1.1 Khach the nghien ciTu Nghien ciiu dugc khao sat tren 1782 HS THCS tir lop din lop (dp tuoi trung binh la 13,28 tuli; DLC = 1,15) Dia ban khao sat tai huyen/ thugc tinh Quang Ninh Day la mgt nghien ciiu cat ngang, chgn mlu theo phucmg phap thuan tien Mot so dac diem ve khach thi nghien cuu dugc the hien qua bang so lieu sau (xem Bang 1): Bang 1: fiac ^em mau khach the nghien ci?u Thanh jHCSLe Van Tarn Ha Long -— THCS Nguy§n Van Thuoc Tn/flng Qgang Lam, Dinh Nggc Sdn, Lg Thj PhUOng, Hoang Oai THCS TT Cai Rong Van '^,TJ^::^TZ7Zr„ gHuyen / THCS Hg Long THCS Dong Xa m Khong tra ldi L(3p6 Bieu I: Ddnh gid ciia HS ve su cdn thiet cd phdng tham vdn TLHD trirdng hgc Ldp trg HS ve cac van de tam li, nang cao site khoe tinh than ciia cac em Hoat dpng ciia phong tham van giiip HS dugc dgng vien tinh than, tang cuong nang luc de tao nhimg thay doi tich cue cua HS ve nhan thiic, cam xiic 2.1.2 PhUdng phap nghien cUu va hanh vi Do la noi cac em co the noi nhiJng suy De nghien ciiu nhu cau tham van tam li cua HS, chiing nghT, tam su cua ban than Cac em dugc lang nghe va toi tun hieu a hai npi dung: Thii nhat, danh gia cua HS ve thau hieu moi trucmg an toan, lanh manh Ket miic dp can thiet cua phong tham van hgc duong qua nghien cuu tren cilng co su tucmg dong voi nghien tmcmg hgc ciia cac em voi cac miic tra loi dugc cho ciiu cua tac gia Pham Thanh Binh (2014) [ 10] nghien diem tir diem - Hoan toan khong can thiet den diem cim tren ciing nhom khach the da chi ra, la da so HS - Rlt ckn thiet Thu hai, nghien cuu thilt kl thang de CO nhu cau tham van hpc dudng voi nhieu bieu hien da danh gia nhu cau tham van TLHD ctia HS qua cac khia dang d ca mat nhgn thuc, thdi vd hdnh vi HS danh canh cu the la: ve cam xiic, ve hanh vi, vS moi quan he hgc gia miic dp cdn thiet va rdt cdn thiet co tham vtn TLHD, duong, ve gia dinh, van de bat nat hgc ducmg, ve ngoai Nhu vay, ket qua phan anh ve co ban HS THCS tai hinh, the chat, ve siic khoe sinh san, tinh yeu, cac van de cac truong dugc khao sat da nhan thiic dupc vai tro cua ve kl nang sing va dinh huong tuong Iai HS tra loi bang tham van hgc duong doi vol cac em boi canh Men each lua chgn diem so phu hgp nhat voi quan diem cua Tuy nhien, co mpt ti le nhd 8,6% va 5,2% HS cho ban than, Miic dp tra loi dugc cho dilm tu diera - Hoan rang khong can thiet va hoan toan khong can thiet Dieu toan khong mong muon den diem - Rat mong muon phan anh thuc te a mdi truong, sl HS chua thay hoae Nghien ciiu dugc tien hanh tii' thang 12 nam 2018 chua hieu ve vai tro va hieu qua cua phong tham van tam Ii den thang nam 2019 So lieu khao sat duoc xii H bang doi vai cac em Danh gia cua HS ve su can thiet co phong phan mem toan hpc SPSS phien ban 22.0 Mgt so phep tham van xet theo timg trudng nhu sau (xem Bieu 2) phan tich thong ke dugc su dung nhu phan tich tin Qua bieu cho thay, so cac trircmg dugc khao cay Alpha ciia Cronbach, tinh diem trung binh, lech sat, hai trucmg co diem trung binh cao nhat la Trucmg chuan, kiem dinh su khac biet T-test, Anova Trong THCS Nguyin Van Thugc (DTB = 3,66) va Trucmg nghien ciiu nay, thang nhu cau tham vkn TLHD co THCS thi trin Cai R6ng (DTB = 3,61) Hai trudng cd tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbach la 0,90 Dong thai, ket qua diem trung binh thdp nhat la Trudng THCS Ha Long diem trung binh cang cao phan anh nhu cau tham van (DTB = 3,44) va Trudng THCS Le Van Tam (DTB = tam li cita HS cang cao, va ngugc lai, diem cang thap phan anh nhu cau tham van tam li ciia cac em cang thap Ldp Khong tra ldi THCS oang M 2.2.1 flanh gia cua hoc sinh ve sir can thiet co phong tham van tam If hgc difdng Ket qua khao sat ve su can thiet cd phong tham van TLHD cua HS dugc the hien qua Bilu Nhin chung, da so HS danh gia la can thiet c6 phong tham van TLHD tmong hpc ciia cac em Cu thi: c6 52,6% HS cho rang can thiet va rat cin thilt, co 33,6% HS danh gia la kha can thiet Tren thuc tl, phong tham ' •.-" '"' "•'•"•'• ••• '-••'• 3-14 THCS H9 Lone 2.2 Ket qua nghien eu'U ,": " ; • : : % CO thi h i THCS TT car RBng THCS NguySn V.Thu^c , THCS l£ van Tam THCS B3i Chay 15 25 35 45 Bieu 2- Ddnh gid cua HS ve su cdn thiet co phdng tham vdn hoc dudng xet theo trudng hgc So 29 tfiang 5/2020 55 JIl NGHIEN CtfU THtfCTltN GIAO DUC 3,48) Vdi hai trudng HS danh gia cao viec egn thilt cd phong tham van nha trudng, dilu co thi dugc li giai bdi day la hai trudng trpng diem ciia phi Ha Long va huyen Van Don Chkt lugng HS dau vao tit hon, cac em co y thiic cao hgc tap va ren luyen 2.2.2 ThUc trang nhu cau tham van tam li hoc dUcfng cua hqc sinh trung hoc cd sd Bang trinh bay ket qua nhu cau tham van TLHD ciia HS THCS d dia ban tinh Quang Ninh, gom khfa canh cu the sau: OTB 69,a '06 gg, 70 „ 1fri; NtiutSuftinucthap • Ca2aiabSn ^ ^ ^ H i^B 18J Nliu ciu emiitkBi NhutSudmuxcao | BThanh pti6Hs Lgng •HuySnVSiioSn Biiu dd 3: Thue trang nhu cdu tham vdn tdm li chung ciia HS THCS (%) Bang 2: Nhu cau tham van TLHD cua HS THCS Nhu cau tham van TLHD cDa HS THCS tham van d miic cao, 69,4% HS cd nhu cau tham van o miic kha, 14,8% sl HS c6 nhu cku tham vkn d miic thdp, OLC Cd su chenh 16ch tuong ddi ve miic danh gia ciia HS theo dia ban sinh sdng so vdi tdng the, cu the la: d phd Ha Long, ti le HS cd nhu cau tham van TLHD d miic Moi quan he hoc dUdng 57 0.82 kha cao hem so vdi tong dia ban va ti le HS cd nhu cau tham van d miic cao la cao hem so vdi tdng the va so vdi Moi quan he gia dinh 2.89 1.05 huyen Van Don (xem Bang 3) 2.82 1.19 Bit nat hoc difcfng O Bang 3, sir dung phep kiem dinh so sanh diem trung 6, Ngoai tiinh, the chat 0.98 3.42 binh t-test va One way ANOVA, ket qua cho thay co Stic khoe smh san, tinh ban kh^c gidi 0.86 3.20 su khac biet cd y nghia thong ke ve nhu cau tham van TLHD cua HS THCS qua cac khia canh, cu the nhu sau: 8, Ki nang song, dinh hifdng tUdng lai 0.71 4.09 - Xet theo dia bdn sinh song: Nhin chung, HS d (Ghi chd: Die I thdp nhdt la 1, cao nhdt la Diem cdng cao Ha Long cd nhu cau dugc tham van tam Ii cao hem phdn dnh nhu cdu tham van cdng cao) HS d huyen Van Ddn, cu the la: Ve cam xuc (DTB = 4,03 so vdi 3,18; p < 0,01); Ve moi quan he hgc dudng Trong cac ngi dung neu tren, HS co nhu cau dugc tham (DTB = 3,66 so vdi 3,48; p < 0,01); Vl mli quan he van tam li cao nhat la ve ki nang sdng, dinh hudng tuong gia dinh (DTB = 2,95 so vdi 2,84; p < 0,05); Vl lai (DTB = 4,09), thii hai la vl cam xiic (DTB = 3,93), vin dk bat nat (DTB = 2,88 so vdi 2,75; p < 0,05); Vl thii ba la khia canh moi quan he hgc dudng (DTB chung ngoai hinh thi chit (DTB = 3,51 so vdi 3,33; p < 0,01); = 3,57), Co ba npi dung HS it c6 nhu cau dugc tham van Ve van de siic khde sinh san, tinh ban khac gidi (DTB = nhat la ve bat nat hpc dudng (DTB = 2,82), ve moi quan 3,25 so vdi 3,14; p < 0,01); Ve kl nang sdng, dinh hudng he gia dinh (DTB = 2.87) va ve van de hanh vi tuong lai (DTB = 4,18 so vdi 4,00; p < 0,01) Day la kit (DTB = 2,97) Nhu vay, vdi nhiing ngi dung HS cd nhu qua kha thii vi ma chiing toi thu dugc nghien ciru cau cao dugc tham van tam li cilng phan anh phan nao Can hdi dat la: Dieu gi dan den vi6c HS d thirc trang hien nay, la ki nang sdng cua cac em cdn phd Ha Long cd nhu cau dugc tham van tam li cao han han che, HS limg timg irng xit vdi cac tinh hudng HS d huyen Van Ddn? Dieu cd the dugc li giai bdi cugc song, HS can dugc dmh hudng ve tuong lai dieu kien kinh te, xa hpi cua hai dia ban Tren thuc te Ha dua tren nang lire, sd thich cua cac em Ben canh do, Long la mgt phd du lich, ddi sdng van hda xa hgi ket qua tren cung phii hgp vdi cac nghien ciiu da chi d va chit lugng cugc sdng cua ngudi dan tdt hon, cd nhieu Ilia tudi thieu nien, la: cac em de noi ndng, khd kiem dilu kien phat trien hem Tre em d Ha Long cd nhieu dieu soat cam xiic (Ogden vaHagen (2014) [11]) Ddng thdi, kien hem de dupc hpc tap mdi trudng tdt Tre dugc d ilia tudi nay, HS ciing gap nhiing khd khan nhat djnh tham gia vao nhieu boat dgng hpc tap ngoai khda, hpc hgc tap, dac diem tam li ca nhan cung nhu gap khd kinang mlm, hpc ngoai ngir (Truong Quang Lam, Vu khan quan he vdi ban be va thky cd (Trucmg Thi Khanh Lien Oanh (2019) [14] nen tre nhan thiic ro hem vl tkm Ha (2013) [12]; Nguyen Thi Minh HSng (2014) [8]; Le quan trpng ciia tham van hgc dudng Mgt li nua la tre Minh Nguyet, Ngd Thi Hanh va Nguyin Phuang Linh d phd, su phat triln thi chat diln sdm hon va nhanh hem, cimg vdi cac moi quan he mang tac diln (2018) [13]) Vi vay, HS cd nhu cku cao dugc tham van nhilu hon Do dd, cac em cd nhu cau dugc tham vin a tam li vdi cac van de tren cac khia canh tren cao hern Danh gia vl nhu cau tham van TLHD ndi chung ciia - Xet theo gidi tinh: Cd sir tucmg ddng giira HS nam HS, kit qua Bilu dd cho thiy, cd 15,8% HS cd nhu cku Ve cam xiic 3.93 0.80 2, Ve hanh vi 2,97 0.82 56 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM Tnidng Quang Lam, Oinh Nggc Sdn, Le Thj PhUdng, Hoang Oai Bang 3: So sanh giiHa cac nhdm HS ve nhu cau tham van TLHD Oja sinh song Gidi !dp hgc Th^nh Ha Mui quan he hpc Moi quan he sue khOe Ky nang khac 0\ tifOng I-' OTB (OLC) OTB(OLC) OTB(OLC) OTB(OLC) OTB(DLC) DTB(DLC) DTB (OLC) OTB (DLC) 4,03 (0,77) 3,00 (0,82) 3,66(0,81) 2,95(1,04) 2,88(1,18) 3,51 (0,97) 3,25 (0,84) 4,18 (0,65) Huyen Van 06n 3,18(0,81) 2,95 (0,83) 3,48 (0,82) 2,84(1,06) 2,75(1,12) 3.33 (0,99) 3,14 (0,88) 4,00 (0,75) P 0,00 0,20 0,00 0,02 0,03 0,00 0,01 0,00 Nam 3,85 (0,85) 2,95 (0,83) 3,53 (0,84) 2,76(1,07) 2,71(1,23) 3,40(1,00) 3,05 (0,91) 4,05 (0,75) W 3,98 (0,75) 2,99 (0,82) 3,60 (0,80) 2,99(1,01) 2,89(1,15) 3,44 (0,96) 3,30 (0,81) 4,13 (0,67) 0,00 0,26 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,40 0,00 0,01 Ldp 3,97 (0,80) 2,90 (0,87) 3,62 (0,82) 2,83 (1,17) 2,79(1,36) 3,40 (1,03) 3,15 (0,82) 4,09 (0,77) Up 4,03 (0,77) 3,00 (0,86) 3,67 (0,84) 2,85(1,07) 2,85(1,22) 3,52(1,01) 3,10 (0,94) 4,18 (0,65) Lflp 3,76 (0,80) 3,00 (0,79) 3,49 (0,82) 2,93 (0,98) 2,77(1,10) 3,32 (0,95) 3,19 (0,84) 3,95 (0,76) Lflp 3,94 (0,79) 2,96 (0,79) 3,53 (0,78) 2,95(1,02) 2,84(1,12) 3,42 (0,96) 3,33 (0,81) 4,14 (0,67) P 0,00 0,32 0,00 0,24 0,77 0,02 0,00 0,00 Long (Ghl chii: Mitey nghTap < 0,01 vap < 0.05) va HS nil ve rihu cau tham van ve van de hanh vi va ve ngo^i hinh, the chat Tuy nhien, d cac van de khac cho thay su khac biet co y nghia thdng ke la: HS nii cd nhu cau can dugc tham van cao hon HS nam ve cam xiic (DTB = 3,98 so vdi 3,85; p < 0,01); Vl mdi quan he hpc dudng (DTB = 3,60 so vdi 3,53; p = 0,05); Vl mdi quan he gia dinh (DTB = 2,99 so vdi 2,76; p < 0,01); v l vkn dk bit nat (DTB = 2,89 so vdi 2,71; p < 0,01); Ve van de sire khde sinh san, tinh ban khac gidi (DTB = 3,25 so vdi 3,14; p
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