Lu VT An Mpt so dgc diim ca bdn cua tiing Tho NhT Ky MOT S6 DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA TifiNG T H NHI K t r Ltr VTAn* iing Tho Nhi Ky Id mpt ngon ngu thupe ngO hf Altai, dugc su dung chinh thtic tgi nuac Cpng hoa Thd Nhi Ky v&i khodng hem 70 trifu ngu&i noi Tiing Thd NhiKy CO ddc diim Id mpt ngon ngO chdp dinh, su dung cdc hgu 16 di md rpng tu sti dung nguyin tdc hoa hpp nguyen dm, dong thai co hf thdng ngO phdp v&i cdc qtiy lugt chgt che vi mgt cti phdp vd hinh thai Bdi viit phdn tich vd ldm rd nhung dgc diim ca bdn ctia tiing Thd NhT Ky lakMa: tiing Thd Nhl Ky, hf ngdn ngtt Altai, ngdn ngCt chip dinh, hda hpp nguyfin im, tiip vIngO (hju td) Tiing Thd NhT Ky (TOrkiye Tilrkfesi) li mdt ngdn ngii diin hinh ciia nhdm ngdn ng& Turk (Turkic) thudc hf ngdn ngii Altai** Nd la ngdn ngO; chinh thirc ciia Cdng hda Thd NhT Ky vdi hem 70 trifu ngudi ndi Bfin cgnh dd cdn cd cdng ddng khoang trifu ngudi nhgp cu Thd NhT Ky sinh sdng rii ric tgi cic nudc Tiy Au (chii yiu li Hi Lan, Dire, Ao ) sir dyng nd nhu tiing m? de Dya theo khio sit ciia Ethnologue, ngoii Cpng hda Thd NhT Ky, hifn tgi nhflng ngudi ndi tiing Thd NhT Ky cdn sinh sdng tgi 34 qudc gia khic •HVCH., D»i hpc Sakarya, C§ng hda Thd NhT Ky •• SOkrO HalQk Akalin (2010), "TOrk Dili: Dflnya Dili (Turkic Language: World Language)", Afilim TUrkfe Ders Kitabi I, Diset Yaymlan, i 20 Ciing vdi xu thi hpi nhjp toin ciu, tieng Thd NhT Ky dang dupc giing dgy tgi nhiiu qudc gia trfin thi gidi Bp mdn Thd NhT Ky hpc (Ttirkoloji) vdi vifc nghifin ciiu vi giing dgy ngdn ngii, vin hda Thd NhT Ky cung dupc thinh ljp d 28 qudc gia' Hogt dpng niy cdn dupc thuc diy bdi Vifn Yunus Emre thdng qua ca quan dgi difn ciia vifn d 35 qudc gia trfin thi gidil Trii qua nhiiu giai dogn Ijch sii khic nhau, tiing Thd NhT Ky cung di trai qua nhifiu biin ddi vi mit ciu tnic vi vin ty Tir nim 1928, bing vifc ip dyng bing chfl §Ukrtl HalQk Akalin (2010), "TQrk Dili: DQnya Dili (Turkic Language: World Language)", A(ilim Tiirkfe Ders Kitabi I, Diset Yaymlan, s 12 http://www.yee.org.tr/tr/yunusenireenstitusu (truy c|p lln cu6i ngiy 09/08/2016) Nghiai ciiu An E)p vi Chau A Sd 11 - 2016 cai Latin nhu mpt hf quy chuin mdi cho ngdn ngir, thay thi cac bing chir cii da cd tii truOT dd nhu Gokturk, Uygur vi Arap, tiing Thd NhT Ky bit diu dupc hifn dgi hda "Vatandof Turkge konuf (Cdng din ndi tifing Thd) dupc diing lim khiu hifu thuc diy tiin trinh ndi tren Nhiing die difim cua tiing Thd NhT Ky dupc thi hifn d mpt sd ndi dung ca bin: Tieng Tho Nhi Ky la m$t ngon ngir thupe loai hinh chip dinh (niem kit) Dya theo ciu tnic va chiirc ning mi cic ngdn ngii dupc phin chia thinh cic logi hinh khic Trong dd gdm cd nhdm R ngdn ngii don Ijp vi nhdm ngdn ngii khdng don % Nhdm ngdn ngir khdng dom Ijp lgi dupc chia thinh cic logi hinh c h ^ dinh (nifim kit), chuyin dgng (hda kit) vi da tdng hpp (hdn nhjp)^ Tiing Thd NhT Ky thupe logi hinh ngdn ngO chip dinh (cilng vdi tiing Nhjt, tiing Hin vi tiing Mdng Co) DJc trung niy dupc thi hifn d vifc tiing Thd Nhl Ky sii dyng rpng rii cic tiip vT ngii tire hju td (sonek) di ciu tgo tit vi biiu thj cic mdi quan hf ngdn ngii Di diln ta hinh dpng hojc sy vifc, tiing Anh (nhdm ngdn ngii hda kit) phii sir dyng mpt sd lupng tir nhit dinh thi tiing Thd NhT Ky cd thfi chi dimg nhit mpt tir bao gdm chinh td vi phin md rpng li hgu td Vi dy di dien ti hinh dpng bgn se cd thi din, tiing Anh diing cym tir>ott will be able to come thi lieng Thd NhT Ky chi dimg nhit tir gelebileceksin Trong dd, gel- li dpng tir chi hinh dpng din giu: vai trd li ' Nguyin Thien G i ^ (chu bi«n 1998), Ddn ludn Ngon ngir hgc, Nxb Giio dvK, trJ98-305 chinh td, sau li cic hau td -ebil (cd thi), -ecek (se), -sin (bgn) dupc thfim vao Chinh dgc difim niy mi cic nhi ngdn ngii hpc gpi tiing Thd NhT Ky la ngdn ngii chip dinh (nifim kit)* Tiing Thd Nhl Ky li mpt ngdn ngu cua hiu td Jean Deny (1879 1963) nhi Thd NhT Ky hpc ngudi Phip dua nhin xet vi viec hpc tiing Thd NhT Ky nhu sau: "-Jurk^eyi ogrenmek ekleri dgrenmektir" (Hpc tiing Thd la hpc vi cic hau td)' Hgu td tiing Thd Nhl Ky ciing nhu cac ngdn ngir chip dinh khic chi bifiu thi mpt y nghTa ngu phip, vi mpt y nghTa ngtt phip chi dupc difin ti bing mpt hju td (quan hf - 1)* Vi dy: ev (ngdi nhi) - evler (nhung ngdi nhi) - evde (d nhi, -de li cich chi vj tn*) - evlerde (d nhflng ngdi nhi) Nhung mdi giira chinh td vi hju td tiing Thd NhT Ky cung khdng qui chit chg Chinh td vln cd thi dimg dpe ljp di tgo thinh tit cd nghia Ching hgn arkada? (ngudi bgn) vdi arkada§lar (nhflng ngudi bgn, cd hju td -lar chi sd nhiiu) Tuy nhifin, neu tir cing dupc md rpng bing nhiiu hju td thi nghTa ciia tit cing dupc thfi hifn rS ring, tudng minh Do vjy, tit tiing Thd thudng cd dd dii tuang ddi ldn Tit cd dp dii ldn nhit tiing Thd NhT Ky thudmg dupc nhic din gdm 43 ki ty (hari), mjc dii tit dii nhit biit dupc Asuman gelen Pollard - David Pollard (1996), Teach Yourself: Turkish A complete course for beginner Contemporary Books, The McGraw-Hill Companies' f.7 ^ • Mdiinet Hengimen (2002), TOrkfe Temel Dilbilgisi Engin Yaym Evi, s 275 ' ' Nguyin Thi^n Gi4p (chu bifin 1998), Ddn ludn Ngdn nga hoc, Nxb Gi4o dye, tr.298-305 21 Lu VT An Mpt s6 dgc diim ca bdn cua tiing Thd NhTKy hifn lgi li mpt tit khic cd dfin 70 ki ty (harf) Iim hai nhdm ca bin: nhdm nguyfin am diy (art - kalm) "a", "i", "o" "u" vi nhdm nguyfin am mdng (6n - ince) "e", "i", "6", "u" Nd dupc thi hifn qua bing sau diy: Tieng Tho Nhi Ky sir dyng quy luat nguyen am hoa hpp Tifing Thd NhT Ky cd tit ci nguyfin im vi 21 phy im nguyen am "A", "I", "O", "U", "E", "F, "6", "U" dupc chia Thdng (Eliiz) Rpng (Geni^ Tron (Yuvarlak) Hfp (Bar) Rpng (Geni§) Hfp(Dar) Art-Kahn a I u On-tnce e i a Cic nguyfin im tiing Thd NM K.