Một số đặc điểm cơ bản của quá trình công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa ở việt nam từ năm 1996 đến nay

MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA VIET NAM TU" NAM 1996 DEN NAY DINH THI HOANG PHUONG" Tom tit: Nhiing d&c diem cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa co tac dpng to Idn den npi dung cdng nhU anh hitdng deh tiSn trinh, tdc dp va ket qua cua sU nghiep cong nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa d Viet Nam Tdy thupc vao tCcng giai doan pha t trien, dac diem cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, Men dai boa ViSt Nam co sU bien doi Bai viet tap trung phan tich, lam ro mpt so'dac diem ctf ban cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa Viit Nam tit nam 1996 den Td khoa: Qua trinh cong nghiep hoa Men dai hoa; dac diem ccf ban Abstract: Features of industriahzation process, speed and results and modermzation have huge impacts to the content, of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam Features of industriahzation and modernization have evolved over time This article focused on key features of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam since 1996 to present Keywords: Industriahzation; modernization; feature; Vietnam Ngay nh$n bai: 25/4/2019; Ngay sda bai: 20/5/2019; Ngay duySt dang bai: 29/6/2019 Mof dau Cong ngMep boa, hien dai boa la dfldng tat yeu de xay dflng ed sci vat cha't ky thuat hien dai cua ca,e nfldc qua dp len chii ngMa xa hpi bd qua giai doan phat trien tU ban chu ngMa Trong bp Tu ban, C.Mae da phan tich ky sfl phat triin ciia each mang cong nghiep va cho tha'y quy Mat ta't yeu phai thfle hien cupc each mang cong ngMep Ke thfla quan diem each mang va khoa hpc ciia Mac, each mang thang Mfldi Nga cong, V.LLemn da dac biet nha'n manh vai tro cua cong ngMep hoa va sfl ngMep cong ngMep hoa: Chu nghia cdng san Ii chinh quyen Xo vii't cong vdi diin hda toan qud'c Chi nao nUdc ta da diin hda, chi nao cdng nghiip, ndng nghiep S6 7-2019 va vin tai da ddng vdng tren cd sd ky thuit cua dai cdng nghiep hien dai, thi liic dd, chiing ta mdi cd the dat dUdc thing ldi hdin toad^\ Nhan thfle rotinh ta't ye'u phai thflc hien eong ngMep hoa thdi ky qua dp len chii ngMa xa hpi d Viet Nam, tfl nhflng nam ddu xay dflng chu ngMa xa hgi d mien Bdc, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da khdng dinh: Nhiem vu quan trgng nhi't cua chiing ta la phai xay dUng nen tang vat chat ky thuat cua chu nghia xa hgi, dUa mien Bic tii'n dan lin chu nghia xa hdi, cd cong nghiep va ndng nghiep hiin dai, cd van hoa va khoa hgc '"' Giang vien Khoa Ly luan chinh tri, Tnlcfng Dai hoc Da Lat '" V.L Lenin toan tap (1979), Toan tap, tap 42, Nxb.Tien bo, MatxcOva, tr.l95 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HH [Q M O T SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP tiin tien Trong qui trinh cich mang xa hdi chu nghia, chiing ta phai cai tao nen kinh ti' cH vi xiy dUng nen kinh te mdi, ma xay dUng la nhiim vu chu chd't vi lau daP\ Tren cd set nhan thflc sau sae va van dung ly Man ciia ehu ngMa Mac - Lemn va tfl tfl6ng Hd Chi Minh vae thflc te d nfldc ta, Dang Cong san Viet Nam luon coi cong ngMep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude la nhiem vu trung tam, c6 tam quan trpng hang ddu, la dudng ta't yeu thilc Men cong muc tieu chii nghia xa hgi Cong ngM§p boa, hien dai hoa vfla la qua trinh kinh t l - ky thuat vfla la qua trinh kinh te - xa hpi Trong qua trinh ddy manh cong nghiep boa Men dai boa, qua trinh kinh te - xa hpi co quan he bien chflng vdi d ca tam vi mo Idn vi mo va v6i ca qua trinh kinh te - ky thuat V6i y ngMa do, xem xet sU tae dpng va hieu qua ciia eong nghiep boa, hien dai hoa phai c6 quan diem toan dien khong dflng lai b khia canh kinh te - ky thuat ma phai xem xet ca khia canh Mnh te - xa hgi Cung v6i qua trinh xay dflng va phat eua no Xet tren ca hai phUdng dien kinh trien da't nfldc, sfl nghiep cong nghiep te - ky thuat va kinh te - xa hgi, hai mat hoa, hien dai boa b Viet Nam da trai qua cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa Men nhieu chang dfldng, nhieu budc di Chu dai hoa dfldc thflc hien ddng thdi, c6 tac trUdng theo duoi sU nghiep eong nghiep dgng va anh hfldng Mn nhau, gop phan hoa, Men dai hda luon nha't quan va thue day va ho trd trdng qua trinh xuyen sudt song luon co sU dieu chinh ve phat trien Cdng nghiep hda Men dai ngi dung de phfl hpp tflng giai hda d nfldc ta trfldc bet la qua trinh thflc doan Xet tha'y nhflng dac diem ciia qua Men muc tieu xay dflng nen kinh te xa bgi trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ehu ngMa Do la mpt qua trinh thuc Men xa hgi tflng giai doan co tac dpng to Idn den ngi cMin lupe phat triin kinh te dung cong nghiep hda, hien dai boa eung nham eai tie'n mpt xa hpi nong ngbiep nhu anh hUdng de'n tien trinh, toe dp va rapt xa hpi eong nghiep, gan vdi viec ke't qua ciia sfl nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hinh tflng bude quan he san xua't hien dai hoa ct Viet Nam Vi vay, viec tien bp, cang the hien ddy du hdn nghien cflu dac diem ciia qua trinh d ban chat Uu viet cua che dp xa hpi mdi xa Viet Nam tfl nam 1996 den mang y hgi chu nghia Cong nghiep boa Men dai hoa la qua trinb tad nhUng dieu kien nghia ly Man va thfle tiln sau sac vat cha't - ky thuat can thiet vl cen ngUdi Dac diem ctf ban cua cong va khda hpe - cong nghe, thuc day chuyen nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d nfldc ta tfl dich ed ca'u kinh t l nhdm huy dpng va sil nam 1996 den dung CO hieu qua mpi ngudn Iflc de khong Thd nhat, cong nghiep hda, hiin dai ngflng tang nang sua't lao dpng lam cho hda d Viet Nam li mdt qua trinh rdng Idn, nen kinh te tang trUcing nhanh, nang cao phdc tap va toin dien, dien d ta't ca cac linh vUc cua ddi sd'ng xa hgi vi cd mdi quan he bien chdng vdi trin tat ca '-' Ho Chi Minh (1996), Toan tap, tap 10, Nxb Chinh mgi phUdng dien, mgi khia canh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, tr.13 13 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 7-2019 DINH THI HOANG PHUONG ddi song vat chat va van hoa eho nhan kinh te - cMnh tri, van boa - xa hpi, quo'c dan, thfle hien cdng bdng va tien bp xa phong va an ninh Thanh cong eiia sfl hpi, bao ve va cai thien moi trfldng sinh nghiep cong nghiep boa, Men dai hoa nen thai Cong ngMep hoa, hi$n dai hoa tao kinh t l quo'c dan la nhan to quyet dinh sfl cd sb vat chat de lam bien doi vl chat Iflc thdng ldi eua eon dfldng xa hpi chu ngMa lupng san xua't, nhd dd ma nang cao vai raa Dang va nhan dan ta da liia chgn Do trd eua ngUdi lao ddng - nhan to' trung do, Cdng nghiep boa Men dai boa co npi tam cua nen Mnh te xa hpi chu ngMa; tao dung bao trum ta't ea cac linh vile ciia ddi diiu Men vat chat cho viec xay dflng va song xa hpi va co mo'i quan he bien chflng phat trien nen van boa Viet Nam tien vdi tren tat ca mgi phUdng dien, mpi tie'n, dam da ban sac dan tdc Cdng nghi$p khia canh hoa, hien dai hoa la cd sd kinh t l de cung Thd hai, thUc chat qui trinh cong co' va phat trien khoi lien minh vflng chdc nghiip hda, hien dai hda d Viet Nam Men gifla giai cap cong nhan v6i giai cdp nong la qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hiin dai dan, dpi ngii tri thfle va cac tdng ldp lao hda "nit ngin" nhUng ben vdng dgng khac sfl ngMep each mang xa Viet Nam di len xay dung ehu ngMa xa hpi ehu ngMa Dae biet la tac dung gop hgi tfl mot nen kinh te eon lae hau so vdi phan tang cfldng quyen Iflc, sfle manh va the gidi hien dai, nen de dat dupe mue tieu hieu qua cua bg may quan ly kinh te cua dan giau, nfldc manh, dan chu, cong bdng, nha nude Cong nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa van minh, trUde mat la tranh nguy cd tut tao dieu kien vat chat de xay dflng nen hau, doi hdi Viet Nam phai tao dupc sU kinh te dgc lap, tU chu vflng manh tren cd phat trien manh me cua Iflc lfldng san sci dd ma thiie Men tot sii phan eong va xua't Muo'n vay, dieu quan trpng trUdc het hdp tac quo'c te Cong nghiep hoa Men dai la phai day manh cdng nghiep hoa Men boa da't nfldc thuc day sfl phan cong lao dai boa Ve mat kinh te, c6 the noi cot loi dgng xa hpi phat trien, thuc ddy qua trinh cua sU phat trien rut ngdn tai Viet Nam, quy hoach vung lanh tho hdp ly theo cMnh la rut ngan tien trinh cong nghiep hudng ehuyen canh tap trung lam cho hoa, Men dai hoa Lich sii phat trien ciia quan he Mnh te gifla cac vung, cac mien nen kinh te the gidi da eho tha'y, khdng it trd nen tho'ng nha't cao hdn Cong nghiep nen kinh te da thflc hien cong viec hoa Men dai hda khong nhflng eo tac rut ngdn tiln trinh cong ngMep hda nhfl dung thflc day nen kinh te tang trflcing Phan Lan, Nhat Ban va Han Quo'c Neu phat trien cao ma tao tien de vat chat nhu Tay Au phai di qua chang dfldng gan de xay dflng, pha.t trien va Men dai hoa 05 the ky (vao cuoi the ky XIV khdi ddu nen qudc phong - an nmh Sfl nghiep quo'c chu nghia tU ban ct Tay Au), thi vdi Nhat phong va an nmh gdn liin vdi sfl nghiep Ban chi ma't 100 nam da sanh ngang vdi phat trien van hoa, kinh te, xa hgi Cong cac qud'c gia tu ban Tay Au ve trinh dp nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa tao tien phat trien kinh te thong qua qua trinh de kinh te cho sfl phat trien ddng bp ve cong ngMep hoa riit ngdn Vdi muc tieu 5^7-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXA Hdi Q| MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONu isiunitr day manh toin diin, dong bp cdng cudc ddi mdi; phat trien kinh te' nhanh, ben vdng, phan dau sdm dUa nUdc ta cd ban trd nUdc cong ngldep theo hUdng hien (Ja/^' ro rang can day manh cdng nghiep hoa, thflc hien phat trien rut ngan Ceng nghiep hda, hien dai hda rut ngan dd'i vdi Viet Nam hien khong chi la nit ngan thdi gian cua qua trinh vfldn len trinh dp hien dai cua the gidi ma phai cd phupng thflc phu hpp cho phep di tdt ddn dau, thdng qua cac bflde qua dp, hoac vflpt qua rapt so' bude tuan tu de di thang len Men dai Qua trinh riit ngdn phai bao dara chat Mpng, Meu qua phat trien, tflc la phai bao dam tinh bin vflng phat trien De rut ngan thdi gian, dudng nhien phai tao dfldc to'c dp phat trien nhanh Phat trien nhanh tren ed sd huy dpng cae ngudn lUc npi tai va tan dung cac ed hpi thong qua giad lflu hpi nhap quo'c te Chi co phat trien nhanh mdi bao dam thu hep khoang each vdi cae nUdc hien ed trinh dp phat trien hdn chung ta Viet Nam c6 diiu Men phat trien nhanh va yeu cau phat trien nhanh eiing dang dat nMeu van de hit sfle cdp thiet Phat trien ben vflng la cd sd de phat trien nhanh, phat trien nhanh de tao ngudn luc cho phat trien ben vflng Vi the, phat trien nhanh va ben vflng phai luon gdn chat vdi quy hoach, ke hoach va cMnh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, phai dac biet quan tam gifl vflng dn dinh cMnh tri xa hpi, tang cfldng quo'c phong, an ninh, bao ve viing chdc dpc lap, ehii quyen, tho'ng nha't va toan ven lanh tho de bao dam cho da't nfldc phat trien nhanh va bin vflng Tdc dp tang trflcing Mnh t l nhanh la Q] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHM cd set de giai quyet cac van de xa hpi, m6i trudng, Sdng ciing cMnh tang trfldng nhanh da lam smh hang loat va'n de ea ve kinh te, cM'nh tri, van hoa, xa h6i nhfl bat binh dang, nMem moi trfldng, Nhfl vay, edn co cd che bao dam cho viec di lien vdi tang trfldng phai bao dam tie'n bp va cong bang xa hpi, cai thien moi trfldng Ndi each khae, cong nghiep hda Men dai hoa rut ngdn nhflng ben vflng Ben vflng ve ca Mnh te, chinh tri, van boa, xa hpi, moi trfldng va cdn ngfldi Tang trflcing kinh te phai ket hdp hai hda vdi thflc hien tien bp va eong bdng xa hpi; nang cao khong ngflng chat Ifldng cupc sdng cua nhan dan Phat trien kinh t l - xa hpi phai luon di cung vdi bao v$ va cai thien moi trfldng Thd ba, cong nghiip hda, hiin dai hda dieu kiin phit triin kinh te thi trudng dinh hudngxa hpi chu nghia Kinh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa hpi chu nghia van tiep tuc la mo hinh kinh t l di6n hinh thcii ky cong ngMep hoa, hien dai hda Nin kinh te nfldc ta dflpc ca'u bdi hai to la kinh ti' thi trudng va dinh hUdng xa hgi chu nghia Hai to' co quan he tfldng tae vdi nhau, phan anh tinh phd biin, tinh dac thu va doi hoi phai giai quyet hai hoa moi quan he gifla phd bie'n va dac thfl qua trinh phat trien va quan ly nen kinh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa hpi chu ngbia b nfldc ta Dinh hfldng xa hgi chu ngWa phan anh tinh dac thfl ciia nen Mnh te thi '•" Ban Tuyen giao trung UOng (2016), Tai heu hoc tkp Cac Van kien Dai bgi dai bieu toan qud'c Idn thii XII cua Dang (dung cho can bp, dang vien S ca sd), Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia - Sa that Ha Noi, tr.21 SO7-201II DINH THI HOANG PHUONG trfldng d ViSt Nam Nin kmh t l thi trfldng d Vi$t Nam vfla phai dfldc phat trien theo nhiing quy Mat khach quan cua kinh te thi trfldng, vfla phai dfldc dinh hfldng, dieu tiet va giam sat cho phu hdp vdi ban cha't va nhiing nguyen tdc cua mot xa hpi dang cong ngM§p hda Men dai hda tiing bflde di len chu nghia xa hpi Dinh hfldng xa hpi chu ngMa cua nin Mnh te thi trUdng thdi ky qua dp b nfldc ta khdng phai cH dinh hudng cMnh tri cM phdi, ma dUdc cM phoi bdi cd sd Mnh t l ben trong, dfldc bad dam bdi mpt ke't cau Mnh te ma qua trinh van dpng, tfl no c6 xu hfldng xa hpi chii nghia, va do, nd lam cho cae nhan to' xa hpi chu ngMa cang Idn manh len Toan cau hda kinh te la met xu hfldng trdng dd sfl gia tang manh rae eac mdi quan he Mnh te vflpt bien gidi qudc gia, vUdn tdi quy md toan cau, tao nen sU gdn ket cac nen kinh te mot nen kinh t l the gidi thdng nhdt Theo xu hudng nay, nhan loai dang day nhanh vi§c di den mot thi trUdng the gidi tho'ng nha't, mpt he tho'ng tai cMnh tin dung toan cau, phat trien va md rpng phan eong lao dpng quoc t l theo cMeu sau, md rong giao lUu khoa hgc, cong nghe gifla cac nfldc, giai quye't eac vdn de Mnh te - xa hgi cd tinh toan cdu Hpi nhap kinh te quoc te' la mpt npi dung chu yeu eua toan cau hda kinh te, dd la qua trinh eac quoc gia gan ket nen kinh te cua nUde minh vdi nen kinh te khu vUc Nin Mnh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xa va the gidi bang cac no Me thUe Men tu hpi chu ngMa d nfldc ta la nin Mnh te hda, md eiia Mnh te tren eae cap dp song hang hoa nMeu phan, van hanh phUdng, da phUdng va giara thieu su khac theo cd che thi trUdng cd sil quan ly cua biet de trd mpt bp phan hpp Nha nUdc, dfldi sfl lanh dao cua Dang cMnh the ndn Mnh te toan eau Nd khong Cong san; vfla van dpng theo nhiing quy chi ddn thudn la qua trinh hdp tac, raa edn Mat cua kinh t l thi trUdng, vfla dfldc dan la qua trmh canh tranh cd tinh quyet dinh ddt, cM phd'i bdi cae nguyen tac va ban Sdhg edn gifla cae ddanh ngM§p va cae nen chat cua chu nghia xa hpi Tinh dinh kinh te qudc gia Neu trUdc day, sU phan hudng xa hpi chu ngMa phat trien cong va trao doi bi gidi ban bdi tinh vflng, Mnh te - xa hpi quy dinh phat trien Mnh dia phupng va quo'e gia, tM te thi trfldng d nfldc ta la nhim muc tieu xu hudng toan cdu boa, sfl phan dan giiu, nUdc manh, dan chu, cong eong va trao doi dfldc thfle Men thong qua bang, van minh'^'^K Khong the lam chd dan mang lien kit toan cdu Xu hudng ta't giau, nUdc manh ne'u khong cd tang yeu lam cho cang nMeu cac san trfldng Mnh te tren cd sd day raanh cdng phdm cong ngMep dUdc san xua't ed sU nghiep hda, hi§n dai hda diiu Men tham gia cua nMeu doanh ngMep thupc phat trien Mnh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng cac quo'c gia khac nhau, rdi td hdp chung lai vdi Su phan cdng lao dpng da xa hpi chu nghia Thd tu, cong nghiep hda, hiin dai hda xu the' toan cau hda kinh te va hdi nhip qud'c te stf 7-2019 '*' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc lin thti XII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, H a N o i , tr.25 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q MOT SO DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG JNGHlEJr- M m eho bien gidi quo'c gia khdng gidi Thd nam, cdng nghiep hda, inen dai h a n c h a t che n h u trudc day, m a xich lai hoa gin vdi kinh te'tri thdc bdi canh gan n h a u Tri thflc, dac biet la cong n g h e each mang cdng nghiip thong tin, k i n h t l m a n g la nhflng y i u to' lin thd Cae nfldc p h a t t r i e n hien deu chfla q u a n t r g n g k i t dinh ca.e d o a n h ngMep va dflng t r o n g nd nhieu yeu to' cua n e n kinh cac quo'c gia vdi n h a u Do vay, hpi n h a p te t r i thflc, nhfl n e n cong ngMep cong kinh te quo'c t e Mm cho h e tho'ng thong t i n n g h e cao chie'm ty trpng Idn, lao dpng tri khong la cua rieng tflng quo'c gia, m a t u e ed chuyen m o n ky t h u a t eao Vi vay, la chung ciia n M i u quo'c gia t r e n t h e gidi budc chuyen s a n g M n h t l t r i thflc la bflde Hpi n h a p kinh te quo'c te l a m eho eae chuyen cd t i n h t d t yeu khach quan, phii doanh nghiep va cac quo'c gia s a n sang hdp vdi q u y M a t ehung Vidt N a m la nfldc hdp tae vdi n h a u de cflng hfldng ldi hdp Cd n i n k i n h t l nong nghiep d a n g tien tae m a n g lai Tuy nhien, hpi n h a p k i n h t l h a n h cdng nghiep hda de p h a t trien kinh qud'c te ciing dat r a nhflng t h a c h thflc te t r a n h t u t h a u Dpi n g u can bp khoa hoc c a n h t r a n h gay gdt gifla eac d o a n h ngMep ciia Viet N a m cd k h a n a n g tie'p can va flng va cae n e n k i n h te d u n g eac t h a n h tflu k h o a hgc ky t h u a t tien Bo'i c a n h eua k i n h te t h e gidi da va d a n g tien t r e n t h e gidi Trong q u a t r i n h cong lam xua't Men nhflng ed hpi mdi va thdi ed nghiep hda d a t nudc, Viet N a m da manh mdi cho sU p h a t trien n h a y vpt cua nfldc di d a n d a u tU, k h a i t h a c flng d u n g nhiing sau, tie'n h a n h cong ngMep hda mupn nhfl t h a n h tflu mdi ciia thdi dai n h a t la cdng Viet Nara Cdng nghiep hda Men dai hoa n g h e thdng tin, cong n g h e sinh hpc, cong eung dong thdi la qua t r i n h md rpng kinh n g h e p h d n mem, N h u vay, ehung ta co te quo'e te Trong dieu Men hien nay, n e n cd sd khoa hgc de ddng thdi thUe hien hai M n h te nfldc t a khong t h e t a n g trudng va nhiem vu: ehuyen tU k i n h te nong nghiep p h a t trien m a n h n e u khong tMet lap mdi s a n g n e n k i n h te cong nghiep va phat q u a n h e Mnh te vdi nudc ngoai Cong t r i e n k i n h te t r i thflc Viet N a m muo'n rut nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa theo hudng hpi n g a n q u a t r i n h cdng nghiep hda Men dai n h a p quo'c te n h a m t h u h u t vo'n d a u tU, hda, chflng t a can p h a i n d m bdt, khai eong nghe thi trUdng, kinh ngMem cua cae thac, sii d u n g cac t h a n h tflu khoa hgc - nu6c di trudc day m a n h cMe'n Mpc xuat edng n g h e hien dai va nhflng ye'u to' eua khau, n a n g lUc canh t r a n h da trd t h a n h n i n k i n h te tri thflc vdi p h u d n g cham tang mpt xu t h e chung cua thdi dai Moi nude toe, di tat, bo qua 16'i m d n m a cae nUdc da trd t h a n h mpt bp p h a n cua he tho'ng k i n h vUdt qua Cdng nghiep hda Men dai hda te t h e gidi cd tac dpng tUdng hd Idn n h a u gdn vdi p h a t t r i e n k i n h te t r i thfle la phai va chiu sfl bien dpng kinh te - xa hpi ehung h u d n g m a n h vao p h a t t r i e n cac nganh cua t h e gidi Cdng nghiep hoa, Men dai hoa cdng nghe cao, ceng n g h e sach, t r a n h thu p h a i gdn vdi viec xay dflng h e thd'ng kinh nhiing cd hpi "di tdt, ddn dau" d l hinh te md, t a n g cudng q u a n he thUdng raai, tieh t h a n h n e n nhflng m u i n h g n p h a t triin ciie lien ket Mnh t l qud'e te thed t r i n h dp tien tien cua k h o a hpc - cdng Qi] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 7-2019 DINH THI HOANG PHUONG nghe the gidi Phat huy nhflng ldi the cua da't nfldc, tan dung mpi kha nang de dat trinh dp cong ngh$ tien tien, dac biet la cong nghe thong tin va cong nghe sinh hpc, tranh thu flng dung cang nhieu hdn, d raflc dp cao hdn va bien hdn nhflng tflu mdi v l khoa hgc va cdng nghe, tflng bflde phat trien kinh te tri thfle Cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda gdn vdi phat trien Mnh te tri thflc se phat huy dfldc ldi t h i de ket hpp sfle manh sang tao ciia dan tpc vdi sfle manh thdi dai khai thac nhflng flu the ve ven, cong nghe, thi trfldng cua khu vflc va the gidi de phat huy tiem nang ve tai nguyen tMen nMen va ngudn lao dpng ddi dao ciia nfldc ta de thuc day tang trudng va phat trien kinh te Xet ve lau dai, ldi t h i vl lao dpng chUa qua dao tao va tai nguyen thien nMen se cang can kiet, bdi vay, can phat huy ldi the ngudn nhan Iflc chat Ifldng cao va nhan tai de canh tranh va cMem linh nhulig nganh ed gia tri gia tang cao chuoi gia tri toan cau Vi vay, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gan vdi phat tri§n kinh t l tri thfle la phu hdp vdi xu the chung cua thdi dai Van Men Dai hpi XII khang dinh: Tie'p tuc doi mdi md hinh tang trUdng, cd ciu lai nen kinh te'; diy manh cdng nghiep hda, hiin dai hda gin vdi phit triin kinh te tri thdc; hoin thien the chi', phit triin kinh te'thi trudng dinh hudngxa hdi chu nghid^K Bao cao cdn neu ro: Diy la chu trUdng Idn, quan trgng dUdc neu td Dai hpi XI cua Dang Trong thdi gian tdi cin tiip tuc day manh qui trinh theo hudng ket hdp cd hiiu qua phit trien chieu rpng vdi SO 7-2019 chieu sau, ning cao chat lUdng tang trudng vi sde canh tranh trin cd sd nang cad ning suat lao ddng, dng dung tii'n bp khoa hgc - cdng nghi, doi mdi va sing tao, ning cao chat lUdng nguon nhin lUc, phit huy ldi the so sinh va chu ddng hdi nhap qud'c te '-^\ Thd siu, cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda la su nghiep cua toan din, cua tat ca cic din tpc anh em Trong eae yeu to' ciia Ifle lupng san xua't thi ngUdi ludn d vi tri trung tam ciia sfl phat trien va gifl vai trd quyit dinh Con ngUdi vfla la muc tieu, vfla la dpng Iflc cua sfl phat trien xa hpi NgUdi lao dpng da dupc V.I.Lenin khang dinh la luc lUdng san xua't hang dau cua nhan loaPK SU tang trUctng kinh te cdn 05 ye'u to'chii yeu la vd'n, khoa hpe va cdng nghe, ngfldi, cd ca'u kinh te, the che ehinh tri va quan ly nha nUdc Trong cac yeu to' tham gia vao qua trinh phat trien kinh te ndi chung va qua trinh edng nghiep hda Men dai hda noi rieng, yiu to' ngUdi van ludn dUdc coi la ye'u td'cd ban, quyet dinh Con ngUdi tham gia vad sii nghiep cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa khdng chi vdi tU each la ngUdi lao dpng san xua't ma vdi tU each la cong dan cua xa hpi, rapt ca nhan tap the, mdt vien cdng ddng dan tpc, mpt ngfldi tri tue trfldc van menh qud'e gia Cdng nghiep hda, hien *^' Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kiin Dai bgi dai biiu toan qudc lan thd XII, Nxb Chinh tri quo'c gia Ha Noi, tr.22 '^' Dang (3ong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai bgi dai bieu toan quoc lan thic XU, Nxb, Chinh t n quoc gia, H a N o i , tr.22 "' V.LLenin (1977), Toan tap tap 38, Nha xuat ban Tien b8, MatxcOva, tr.430 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q MOT s o DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA QUA TRINH CONG NGHUUr dai hda doi hoi ngudn nhan Iflc phai du so' Ifldng can dd'i vl ed ea'u va trinh dp, cd kha nang nam bat va sii dung cac tflu khoa hgc va cdng nghe tien tien ciia the gidi va cd kha nang sang tao cong nghe mdi dap flng yeu cdu da dang, da tang cua cdng nghe va trinh dp phat trien eua cac ITnh vflc, nganh nghl Dd khdng chi la dpi ngu nhflng ngUdi lao dpng ed nang sua't cao nhflng nha khoa hpc gioi, cac chuyen gia ky thuat, cac nha ddanh nghiep biet lam an, nhflng nha quan ly, lanh dae cd tai, ma dd cdn la hang trieu nhflng cong dan yeu nfldc, y thflc dflpc cupe song ddi ngheo va nguy cd tut hau de eung gan bd vi sfl nghiep ehung Viee day manh cdng cudc cdng nghiep boa hien dai boa da't nude doi hdi ehung ta phai nhan thflc mpt each sau sac day dii nhflng gia tri Idn lao va ed y nghia quyet dinh vi tri, vai trd cua quan ehflng nhan dan chu the ciia ragi sang tao, mpi ngudn cua cai vat cha't va van boa tinh than Hdn nfla, vdi tinh ta't ye'u khach quan cua sU nghiep xay dflng dat nudc theo dinh hfldng xa hpi chu nghia, edng nghiep hoa Men dai boa da't nfldc va each mang ngfldi phai dupc nhan thflc la hai mat thd'ng nha't, khong the tach rdi eua sfl nghiep xay dflng Cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda la sfl nghiep ciia toan dan, ciia ta't ca cae dan tpc anh em Nhan dan la nhan to' tham gia tich cfle, chu dpng va quyet dinh cMnh yeu den sfl cdng cua qua trinh cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda Va chinh sfl qua eua qua trinh cdng nghiep hda Men dai hda lai nang cao ddi sd'ng vat eha't va tinh than ciia toan dan Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Thd bay, quan diem, nhan dinh cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam vi cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda mdi ching dudng, mdi budc di cing toan diin vi sau sic hdn Tren cd sd nhan thflc sau sde va van dung ly Man cua ehu ngMa Mac - Lemn va tfl tfldng Hd CM Minh vao thflc te d nfldc ta, va'n de cdng nghiep hda Men dai hda lan dau tien dflpc Dang Cong san Viet Nam de cap vao Dai hpi HI (nam 1960) Trong qua trinh xay dflng da't nfldc, qua cae ky Dai hpi Dang Cong san Vi§t Nam tiep tue ed nhflng nhan thflc mdi, cang toan dien va sau sde hdn ve cdng nghiep hda Men dai hda Dai hpi VIII cua Dang (nam 1996) nMn lai da't nfldc sau 10 nam ddi mdi da nhan dinh: nfldc ta da thoat khdi khiing hdang kinh te - xa hpi, nMem vu dl cho chang dUdng ddu cua thdi ky qua dp la ehuan hi tiln dl cho edng ngMep hoa da ed ban hoan eho phep ehuyen sang thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nfldc Dai hpi IX (nam 2001), Dai hpi X (nam 2006) va XI (nam 2011) cua Dang, tiep tuc bd sung va hoan thien nhan thflc ciia Dang vl cdng ngM$p hda Men dai hda va da dfla quan diem ve cdng ngMep hda, Men dai hda cu the M: edng ngMep hda gdn vdi hien dai hoa va cdng ngMep hda, hien dai hda gdn vdi phat trien kinh te tri thflc, bao ve mdi tnidng tU nhien, bao tdn da dang smh hpc Cong ngMep hda, Men dai hda gdn vdi phat trien Mnh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hpi ehu ngMa va hpi nhap Mnh te quo'c tl Lay phat huy ngudn Iflc ngfldi la yeu to' cd ban ehd sU phat trien nhanh va bin vflng Dang dl npi SO 7-2010 DINH THI HOANG PHUONG dung va dinh hfldng cdng ngMep hda, hien theo hudng hiin dai vio nam 202(P\ Dai dai hoa nhiing nam tiip theo thiet hdi XI tiep tue khang dinh tao nen tang thflc va phu hdp xu the thdi dai, ta't ca di di'n nam 2020 nUdc ta cd ban trd nhdm muc tieu ^a ngUdi, vi sU phat nUdc cdng nghiip theo hudng hien dai^^\ trien bin vflng, pha'n daii den nam 2020 Tuy nhien, Dai hpi XII ciia Dang da danh nfldc ta cd ban trd mpt nude cong gia chang dfldng phat trien nam trfldc: ngMep Men dai Tai Dai hpi XII (nam Mpt so chi tieu kinh ti' - xa hdi chUa dat 2016) cua Dang, quan diem ve cong ke hoach; nhieu chi tieu, tieu chi ngMep hda, hien dai hda tiep tuc cd sU bo muc tiiu phan ddu de de'n nam 2020 nudc sung, phat trien eho phfl hdp vdi tinh hinh ta cd ban trd thinh nUdc cdng nghiep theo mdi cua da't nfldc va xu the hpi nhap qud'c hudng hiin dai khdng dat dUdd^°K Nhflng te; treng do, ndi bat la eac npi dung ehu han che, khuyet diem neu tren nMiu yeu sau: muc tieu cua cdng ngMep hda, nguyen nhan tac dpng cd ca nguyen nhan hien dai hda dfldc dieu cMnh cho sat hdp khach quan va chii quan Nguyen nhan vdi hoan canh thflc tien cua dat nfldc; dinh khach quan la anh hudng cua khung hudng xac dinh he tieu cM nfldc cdng hoang tai cMnb va suy thoai kinh te toan ngMep theo hfldng Men dai; xac dinh cac eau; thi§n tai, dich benh; nhflng dien bie'n giai doan cua qua tnnh edng ngMep hda mdi phflc tap eua tinh hinh the gidi va Men dai hda; khu vflc, tinh hinh cang thang tranh Trong nhiing chang dfldng da qua cha'p chii quyin tren Bien Ddng; sU chdng Dang Cong san Viet Nam ludn neu cao pha ciia cae the luc thfl dich, Nguy§n nhan thflc va hanh dpng, gdn ly Man vdi nhan chu quan la cuoi nMem ky khda X, thflc tiln, thdng thdng nhan djnh nhflng kinh te vdn tren da tang trfldng, song rapt han ehe, khuyet diem, rut bai hpc Mnh so' khd khan, ban che va nhflng yiu kera ngMem va de phfldng hfldng, nMem vu vo'n cd cua nen kinh te chua dflpc danh gia mdi cho nhflng chang dfldng cong nghiep va dfl bao ddy du, nen Dai hpi XI dl boa Men dai boa tie'p theo Dai hpi VIII mpt sd' ehi tieu, nMem vu kha cao Them eua Dang (nam 1996) Dang da de mue vao do, nhieu han che, yeu kem eong tieu din nam 2020 nfldc ta se trd thanh; tae lanh dao, quan ly, diiu hanh ciia ca'p Mdt nUdc cdng nghiep cd cd sd vat chat - uy, cMnh quyen cac ca'p va eac bp, nganh ky thuit hiin dai Tai Dai hpi IX cua chara dfldc khde phue; chfla ehu trpng Dang (nam 2001), muc tieu dfldc diln dat linh hoat hdn la: De'n nam 2020, nUdc