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Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children Author: Patrick Niaudet, MD Section Editor: Tej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCP Deputy Editor: Melanie S Kim, MD All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete Literature review current through: Jul 2019 | This topic last updated: Jun 12, 2019 INTRODUCTION The nephrotic syndrome (NS) is caused by renal diseases that increase the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier It is classically characterized by three clinical features, but the first two are generally used for a clinical diagnosis ●Nephrotic range proteinuria – Urine protein excretion >50 mg/kg per day or a spot urine sample with a ratio (UP/UCr) greater than mg of protein per mg creatinine (see "Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in children", section on 'Urine protein excretion')f ●Hypoalbuminemia – Serum albumin