Speech acts employed by judges in TV reality show “masterchef US season 8” – hành động ngôn từ của các giám khảo trong chương trình truyền hình thực tế “vua đầu bếp mỹ mùa 8

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ MINH HUYỀN SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY JUDGES IN TV REALITY SHOW “MASTERCHEF US SEASON 8” (Hành động ngôn từ giám khảo chương trình truyền hình thực tế “Vua đầu bếp Mỹ mùa 8”) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Major : English Linguistics Code : 8220201.01 HANOI - 2021 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ MINH HUYỀN SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY JUDGES IN TV REALITY SHOW “MASTERCHEF US SEASON 8” (Hành động ngơn từ giám khảo chương trình truyền hình thực tế “Vua đầu bếp Mỹ mùa 8”) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Major : English Linguistics Code : 8220201.01 Supervisor : Dr Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm HANOI - 2021 DECLARATION Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, hereby states that, this minor thesis is the result of my own research and all the material in this study which is not my own work has been identified and acknowledged I also state that the substance of the thesis has not, wholly or in part, been submitted for any degree to any other universities institutions Hanoi, 2021 Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study First and foremost, my utmost gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Nguyen Thi Minh Tam for her patience and valuable support throughout the research and writing process Her challenging questions and constructive criticism have helped me to advance my thinking and develop my study further I also would like to express my appreciation to the lecturers of the University of Languages and International Studies for providing me with comprehensive knowledge which have laid the foundation for my thesis In my study, it is inevitable that the ideas of many other writers in this field are reflected and developed Their ideas have stimulated my thinking on doing this research My debt to the authors listed in the references is equally great To all these scholars, I offer my sincere thanks Last but not least, I owe my great gratitude towards my family, my boyfriend, and colleagues for their encouragement, continuous support, prayers, endless care and love during the time I undertook my study Hanoi, 2021 Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen ii ABSTRACT This study is aimed to investigate the speech acts employed by the judges in the TV reality show “MasterChef US season 8” The writer uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to classify and analyze the utterances made by the judges in four episodes of this show, based on the theoretical framework by Searl (1979) and Yule (2010) After investigating the utterances in this TV show, the writer found several major findings on the judges’ speech act employment First, all of the five types of speech acts: Representatives, Commissives, Directives, Delacrations, and Expressives were employed in the four selected episodes in “MasterChef US season 8” Among these speech acts, representatives occupied the first place Second, judges in this competition had a tendency of preferring direct speech acts to indirect ones The data analysis also revealed that contextual factors, including situations of the speech and the relationship between speakers and hearers, affected the choices of speech acts by judges iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the problem and rationale for the study .1 1.2 Aims of the study and research questions 1.3 Scope of the study 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Structure of the thesis CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .4 2.1 Theoretical background 2.1.1 Pragmatics 2.1.2 Speech Acts .5 2.1.2.1 Definition of speech acts 2.1.2.2 Aspects of speech acts 2.1.2.3 Speech Act Classification by Searle (1979) 2.1.2.4 Speech Act Classification by Yule (2010) .9 2.1.3 Context 12 2.2 Review of Previous Studies .13 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 16 3.1 A brief introduction of “MasterChef US season 8” 16 3.2 Data collection 17 3.3 Data analysis 18 3.4 Analytical framework .18 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 20 4.1 Findings 20 4.1.1 Speech acts employed by judges based on specific stages of the episode 20 4.1.2 Speech acts employment in relation to the addressees of the acts .25 iv 4.1.2.1 Speech acts by judges in conversations with people in the show 25 4.1.2.2 Speech acts by judges in personal discussions with co-judges .27 4.2 Discussion 28 4.2.1 How were speech acts employed by judges in “MasterChef US season 8”? 29 4.2.1.1 The types of speech acts used by judges in “MasterChef US season 8” .29 4.2.1.2 How the judges performed the speech acts .34 4.2.2 How could the contextual factors affect the choice of the judges for speech acts? 38 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 42 5.1 Recapitulation 42 5.2 Implications 43 5.2.1 For language learners 43 5.2.2 For the teachers 44 5.3 Limitations 44 5.4 Suggestions for further study .44 REFERENCES 45 APPENDICES I v LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 The total amount usage of speech acts .20 Table 4.2 Speech acts by judges in episode 10 21 Table 4.3 Speech acts by judges in episode 15 23 Table 4.4 Speech acts by judges in the grand finale 24 Table 4.5 The result of using speech acts by Gordon Ramsay 26 Table 4.6 The result of using speech acts by Christina Tosi 26 Table 4.8 The detail of the realization of using speech acts by main judges in private conversations with other judges .28 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 The Analytical Framework .19 vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the problem and rationale for the study Language is a medium to express ideas, thought, and feeling, and it can be used both in written and spoken communication Spoken language is less formal than written on, but learning a language from spoken sources is much more complicated than understanding the words themselves, because the meanings put in different contexts may create different interpretations (Leech, 1983) Therefore, it is essential for language learners to thoroughly understand utterances under certain circumstances Among various fields of linguistics, studies of speech acts are worth being taken into consideration since understanding of what is being done along with the speaking process - what is being done with words - allow people to comprehend both the literal and the intended meaning of the messages Speech acts can be found in every part of the conversation Conversation in a reality show can be an excellent exemplifying source of speech acts because it represents the complicated situation in which speech acts are actually used Therefore, numerous pragmatic studies have been conducted on reality show data One of the important reasons is the dialogues among the participants that occurred in the TV show are mostly real Among many popular reality shows today, MasterChef US is one of the most famous culinary shows and reality-based competitions, which is open to any amateur and home cooks The contestants in this competition are tested on their skills through various cooking challenges by culinary judges Up to now, 10 seasons of MasterChef series were released and wellreceived with 210 episodes in total, and the 11th season would premiere on June, 2021 Here the writer wants to analyze the speech acts used by judges in one season of MasterChef US series - “MasterChef US season 8” In this study, the researcher attempts to investigate how speech acts are used by the main judges in this TV show Besides, with the purpose of digging a deeper analysis on speech acts, the researcher also hopes to present the similarities and differences among the way each main judge uses speech acts 1.2 Aims of the study and research questions This study aims to explore the employment of speech acts by the judges in “MasterChef season 8” In order to achieve this aim, two objectives are set out to be: - To identify the types of speech acts were employed by main judges in reality TV show “MasterChef season 8” and compare the way they used speech acts - To identify the influences of context on the way judges performed speech acts In order to fulfil these objectives, the research is conducted to answer the following research questions: How were speech acts employed by judges in “MasterChef US season 8”? How could the contextual factors affect the choice of the judges for speech acts? 1.3 Scope of the study Theoretically, due to the limit of time, the study only focuses on speech act theories by Searle (1979) and Yule (2010) Methodologically, due to the time and word limits of an MA thesis, the researcher of this qualitative study narrowed down the data chosen to only the episodes of reality TV show “MasterChef season 8” which contains 21 episodes 1.4 Significance of the study According to the purposes of this research above, the researcher hopes this study has many advantages in the future Theoretically this study is expected to enrich the researcher’s and readers’ knowledge in the pragmatics which is particularly related to speech acts Practically, the findings of this study are expected to contribute to the comprehension of other researchers and language learners on speech acts in particular and pragmatics in general Contest, Stage D- Comment, Stage E- Discussion, and Stage F-Announcement, each stage revealed the choice of speech acts following the goal-oriented activities The choices include expressives in stage A and D, representatives in stage B, E, and F, and directives in stage C As mentioned before, stage A includes the opening and introduction of the episode, so judges tended to express their feeling in greetings, welcoming, and wrapping up the game The fact that in the comment section, judges assessed contestants’ dishes and showed their emotions, and attitude towards contestants, also proves why expressives are used dominantly in this stage Most utterances in stages of giving instructions and discussing have characteristics of representatives because the purposes of these stages are informing, describing and giving opinions which match the key of representative speech acts Final stage is a bit different, although the purpose of stage F is announcing the final decision in which judges should use declarations initially, the most frequently used speech act is still representatives This is because before issuing announcements such as appointing the winner of the game, judges tended to lead the story to enhance the persuasiveness and increase the suspense of the competition Directives were the preferred speech acts in stage C in which candidates took the cooking challenges and judges observed this process As explained before, judges used directives to match the function of this stage which is mostly commanding and advising 41 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS After reviewing and explaining some terms relating to speech act types by judges in TV reality show “MasterChef US season 8”, the writer comes into last discussion In this chapter, the writer presents four terms that include recapitulation, implication, limitations, and suggestions for further study 5.1 Recapitulation Speech act, which is one of the main subjects of pragmatics, is a statement that contains functional action in communications considering the situation aspect This research presented some insights into speech acts and aimed at analyzing speech acts employed by judges in TV reality show “MasterChef US season 8” Here are things covered in the preceding sections of the research In the introduction part, the current state of knowledge and rationale of the study were defined The need for scope, the significant, and the structure of the study were identified Chapter provided the review of previous studies and theoretical background of the study including pragmatics, speech acts, types of speech acts, way performing speech acts, context, Searl’s (1979) theory and Yule’s (2010) theory Chapter explained the research method applied in the study in detail The data collection, data analysis, and an analytical framework which is a combination between Searl’s (1979) theory and Yule’s (2010) classification, were described Chapter answered the research questions with data analysis The answers to the research questions can be briefed as below: Answer to RQ 1: How were speech acts employed by judges in “MasterChef US season 8”? For classification of speech acts based on Searle’s taxonomy, all type of speech acts occur in the “MasterChef US season 8”, they are: representatives that talk about the truthfully, directives try to make addressee perform an action, 42 commissives that commit the speakers to doing something in the future, expressives that expresses speaker feels about the situation, and declaratives that attempt to change the world In this study, representatives, directives, and expressives are often used in the utterances of judges in this TV show and representatives are dominantly used by judges with 532 out of 1397 utterances In terms of directness and indirectness, the judges have a tendency to express an example of direct speech acts When looking at which culinary judges perform speech acts, a comparison can be made Gordon Ramsay, who generated the highest number of utterances, also owned the highest number of directives in this show Christina Tosi, the only female judge in “MasterChef US season 8” was likely to use more indirect speech acts than others did, and Aaron Sanchez, experienced a very small number of indirect ones Aaron Sanchez also is the judge who uttered the least utterances in this cooking competition Answer to RQ2: How could the contextual factors affect the choice of the judges for speech acts? The notion of contextual factor, which includes the situations of the speech and the relationship between speakers and hearers, affected the choices of judges for speech acts First, the distribution of speech acts in each stage of the show is different For the greeting, introducing, and comment sections, expressives were preferred Representatives were dominantly used in instruction, discussion, and announcing parts, and directives were mostly chosen by judges when observing contestants' cooking challenges Second, the choice of speech acts of judges in this competition varied when they were in conversations with different hearers 5.2 Implications At the end of this study, the researcher proposes some suggestions for the language learners, and for further research 5.2.1 For language learners The researcher wishes that study about speech acts may help learners to reduce misunderstanding when they make the conversations with foreigners and 43 hopes that when they watch English movies or TV shows, they can understand the actor’s utterance meaning Moreover, learners can use speech acts properly in some specific contexts such as the process of learning in the class 5.2.2 For the teachers The TV reality show “MasterChef US season 8” can be brought into language classrooms and used as a teaching resource The researcher hopes that teachers can help their students improve their speaking skills by using conversations in this TV show as models In addition, since TV shows in general provide a source of authentic language, the researcher also encourages teachers to use it in designing listening tasks, especially inference questions based on some knowledge about speech acts in this study to enable learners to understand more by interpreting language in certain contexts 5.3 Limitations As previously mentioned in the introduction, the researchers have identified several limitations of this study First, due to the massive length of the script of each episode in TV reality show “MasterChef season8”, the study only analyzed the limited data of out of 21 episodes Therefore, the results are also limited to a broader scope Second, with respect to the gender differences, the study could not cover the differences in performing speech acts between genders since the number of male and female judges in this show is not equal 5.4 Suggestions for further study For the future researchers who will use speech acts in their study, in order to investigate speech acts, the researchers can find in different sources such as movies, daily conversation, comedy, drama, etc It is expected that other researchers could make some progress in this study as it could only analyze very limited data It is also hoped that other researchers could cover a broader field of linguistics 44 REFERENCES Bibliography Asher, R E (1994) The encyclopedia of language and linguistics Pergamon Press Austin, J L (1989) How to things with words Oxford: Oxford Univ.Press Austin, J (1962) How to Do Things with Words Clarendon: Oxford Univ.Press Cutting, J (2002) Pragmatics and discourse: a resource book for students Routledge Geis, M (1995) Speech acts and Conversational International Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Hurford, J R (1983) Semantics: a coursebook Cambridge University Press Leech, G N (1983) Principles of Pragmatics London: Longman.Limited Levinson, S C (1993) Pragmatics Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Levinson, S C (1983) Pragmatics Cambridge University Press Mey, J L (1993) Pragmatics: An Introduction Oxford: Blackwell Peccei, J S (1999) Pragmatics Routledge: USA & Canada Searle, J R (1980) Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics D Reidel Publishing Company: Holland Searle, J R (1979) Speech Acts An Essay in the Philosophy of Language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Trosborg, A (1995) Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requests, Complaints and Apologies Berlin, Newyork: Morton de Gruytter Yule, G (2010) The Study of Language (4th ed.) New York : Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Yule, G (1969) Pragmatics Oxford: Oxford University Press 45 Journals Citra, Y (2016) An analysis of speech acts as found in MasterChef U.S season 7” Nguyen, Q N (2019) Affect in expressive speech acts by the judges of the voice uk versus the voice vietnam VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, Vol.35 No.6 (2019), 28-46 Widowati (2012) Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Act of Commands by the Main Character in the Film Elizabeth: the Golden Age Denise, S N (2016) An Analysis of compound words on culinary terms in MasterChef U.S season Ngoan, N & (2018) Speech act types in conversations in the “New interchange” series VNU Journal Of Foreign Studies B.Ingles, M (2018) Speech acts in Philippine Television commercials Don Bosco Technical Institute Nura Siti, M & (2018) Speech acts analysis of Donal Trump’ speech project (professional journal of english education), Vol.1 No.2 Sakura’s, T & (2015) Speech Act in an Indonesian talk show (Content analysis research in Mata Najwa talk show at Metro TV) International Journal of Language Education and Culture Review, Vol.1 (2), 35-44 Websites MasterChef US TV series https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterChef_(American_TV_series) Reality Television https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_television 46 APPENDICES List of episodes Episode 10: The MasterChef Returns https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5wiflh Episode 15: The Great Outdoors https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5z3j8y Episode 20: The Finale, Pt.1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikfncG75908&list=LL&index=7 Episode 21: The Finale, Pt.2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEqPJwu1lzg&list=LL&index=6 I Sample analysis Gordon’s utterances No Utterance Welcome back, everybody Tonight, we have an incredible chef joining us in the MasterChef kitchen Please welcome America's MasterChef reigning champion…Shaun So exciting Speech act type Direct/Indirect Hearer Expressives Direct Candidate Representatives Direct Candidate Directives Direct Candidate Expressives Direct Christina Tosi Directives Direct Expressives Indirect Guest Candidate Tell me about the dish What what is that 90 seconds remaining Directives Indirect Candidate What would I change? Commissives Indirect Candidate Expressives Direct Candidate Representatives Direct Candidate Declaratives Direct Candidate I'm sick to death of the word "deconstructed" because it's just a word to cover up the actual mess Reba, you're the mother of this kitchen and you've worked so hard for everything you've got, 10 11 The home cook leaving tonight…is Reba Directives Direct Candidate 12 Jeff, back to your station, quickly Representatives Direct Candidate 13 The challenges were more difficult than ever before Representatives Direct Candidate 14 Your MasterChef dreams are truly on the line tonight Directives Direct Candidate Representatives Direct Candidate Expressives Direct Candidate 15 Smarten up and treat these dishes as your best dishes you've ever cooked 16 The level of talent set the bar higher than ever before 17 It's breath-taking II 18 - It's beautiful Expressives Direct Candidate 19 Your dish is delicious Expressives Direct Candidate 20 Let's get that right Directives Direct Candidate Expressives Direct Candidate 21 You just cooked like a chef's dream Our final home cook battling for the win tonight is Dino… a 28-year-old dancer from Bensonhurst, New York Representatives Direct Audience What's it been like over the last three or four months without this one at home? Directives Direct Audience Tonight, we have three home cooks entering the grand finale Representatives Direct Candidate Directives Direct Candidate 22 23 24 25 Be very afraid Commissives Direct All judges 26 Then it's set, but let me tell you something 27 I'm gonna have to be honest Commissives Direct Candidate Now, Joe Bastianich runs an empire that includes over 30 restaurants Representatives Direct Candidate Expressives Direct Joe 29 Joe, as always, it' s so good to see you 30 Have you missed me? Directives Direct Joe 31 Wow, I can't believe it Expressives Direct All judges Commissives Direct Candidate Now, are you all ready for the most important cook of your lives? Directives Direct Candidate 34 Come on, speed up, guys Directives Direct Candidate 35 Hands in the air! Directives Direct Candidate 36 Well done! Expressives Direct Candidate Directives Direct Candidate 28 32 33 37 One of you is about to walk away… with a check for a quarter of a million dollars All three of you, bring those incredible appetizers round to the front III How long did you cook it for? Directives Direct Candidate Dino…I want to dive for more Expressives Indirect Candidate Representatives Direct All judges Expressives Indirect Candidate Representatives Direct All judges 38 39 40 He's running behind 41 You know, that's the hero, right? This guy cooks from the heart, and it means so much to him 42 43 Do we all agree? Directives Direct All judges 44 Let's go and tell them Directives Direct All judges Dino, Eboni, and Jason, your journey has been a long, incredible, exciting road Representatives Direct Candidate Your amateur days are long gone Representatives Direct Candidate Directives Direct Candidate One of you is about to walk away… with a check for a quarter of a million dollars Commissives Direct Candidate America's next MasterChef is…Dino! Ladies and gentlemen, Declaratives Direct Candidate Wow, what a night Expressives Direct Audience 45 46 So, us a big favour and swap places with us because you deserve to be standing here 47 48 49 50 Christina Tosi ’s utterances No 51 52 53 54 Utterance We're looking for six perfect cannoli You really are upping your game Come on down, guys! All right, guys it's time for your next mystery box challenge Speech act type Direct/Indirect Hearer Representatives Direct Candidates Expressives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct Candidates IV 55 56 57 58 59 60 Now, are you ready to find out what's under Shaun's mystery box? Shaun, you won three mystery boxes yourself Why don't you the honors? Remember to use those ingredients wisely tonight Guys, how incredible is it to have Shaun back in the MasterChef kitchen? Taste, taste, taste 61 Guys, you want this advantage Make those dishes shine 62 63 64 Push, guys! Hands in the air! Unbelievable, Shaun 65 We have to say good-bye to at least one home cook tonight 66 67 68 69 70 Caitlin, Jeff, Reba, Newton, make no mistake Caitlin, Newton, get back to your stations and get back in line I think it's a beautiful, beautiful dish All right, guys, so, Dino the one thing I have to say about Dino that I'm incredibly worried about is the cook on his lamb belly That sweet potato mash, I'm digging it big time Directives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct Guest Directives Direct Guest Directives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Directives Directives Expressives Direct Direct Direct Candidates Candidates Guest Representatives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct Candidates Declaratives Indirect Candidates Expressives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct All judges Expressives Indirect Candidates 71 It's rich, it has a little bit of cinnamon to it Expressives Direct Candidates 72 Aside from the cook on the duck breast, everything else on this plate is incredibly delicious Expressives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Expressives Expressives Direct Direct Candidates Candidates 73 74 75 76 Those cracklins? All right, Jason, Eboni, Dino, please head back into the kitchen and get ready to cook for the very last time It's incredible It's perfectly baked V 82 That macadamia crumble, you should just make and jar and sell It's not easy to make squid ink pasta to cook it properly, to make a beautiful clam squid ragout He nailed every single element of it I gotta say I loved Dino's appetizer and entree, but I really didn't love the execution of his dessert So tell me the dish, Cate Alright Mrs Caitlin, What're you making tonight? Directives 83 Have you cooked venison tenderloin before Wow us and wow Shaun 'cause he's judging your dish, too But from a flavor standpoint, the prawn was delicious Directives Direct Representatives Direct 77 78 79 80 81 84 85 86 87 88 Expressives Indirect Candidates Representatives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct All judges Expressives Direct All judges Directives Directives Direct Direct Candidates Direct Candidates Candidates Candidates It's steamed perfectly There are a few small holes And finally, Jason You know, Jason, visually, you never cease to amaze me Expressives Representatives Directives Expressives Direct Direct Indirect Indirect It's a work of art Jason, it's gorgeous It's elegant It's full of technique But I agree with Gordon I think what actually makes this dessert so special is actually the chocolate yuzu mousse Expressives Expressives Expressives Expressives Representatives Representatives Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Keep on it All right, guys, so, Dino the one thing I have to say about Dino that I'm incredibly worried about is the cook on his lamb 97 belly 98 Finish strong! 99 All three of you, follow us 100 And I like the chorizo Directives Representatives 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Directives Directives Expressives VI Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Aaron Sanchez’a utterances No Utterance 101 Is everyone ready to cook? He's right there behind them, 102 cooking the same basket I think Cate has the ability of 103 making a beautiful dish She has all these ingredients that 104 will pop on the plate 105 Ooh, that's beautiful 106 Well done, everyone You have the perfect combination of the creaminess from the puree, and the spices have really 107 blossomed 108 Yachecia, please come forward Miss Yachecia, can you explain 109 your dish real quick? Whoa, there are so many high 110 marks in this dish The flavor of the venison itself, the coating, the crust, it's 111 delicious If Cate hands you a savory basket, you will have to make a savory 112 dish On the other hand, if Cate hands you a sweet basket, you'll have to make a sweet one 113 The home cook who fails to conquer this coconut challenge will be going home 114 Whoa, look at those baskets filled 115 to the brim You all will have just one hour to make us one incredible coconut 116 dish Miss Eboni, you got a savory 117 basket from Cate 118 Now what's going on with that? 119 Do you make curries quite often? Where does this inspiration come 120 from? Speech act type Directives Direct/Indirect Direct Representatives Direct Representatives Direct Representatives Direct Expressives Expressives Direct Direct Expressives Direct Directives Direct Directives Direct Expressives Direct Expressives Direct Hearer Candidates All judges All judges All judges Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Representatives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct Candidates Representatives Direct Candidates Directives Direct Representatives Direct Candidates Candidates Representatives Direct Directives Directives Direct Direct Directives Direct VII Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates 121 Really? 122 Best of luck to you 123 What are you seeing out there? Expressives Direct Candidates Expressives Directives Direct Direct Candidates Candidates 124 Outstanding 125 Come on, Jeff 126 Let's go, Dino I tasted this dish and it just makes 127 me smile Expressives Directives Direct Direct Candidates Candidates Directives Direct Candidates Expressives Indirect Expressives Direct 128 I think the balance of the savoryness and the spiciness of the chili is spot on I like how developed the flavor of 129 the sauce is 130 Tighten up those dishes, guys 131 Make sure everything's perfect 132 133 134 135 I think we should begin with Jason Please step forward Jason, please describe the dish Maybe you're channeling Dino Jason, the tofu skin wrapped black cod, have you seen this in a restaurant menu anywhere in the 136 world? So, you chose this forum to be 137 experimental? Well, I gotta say, this dish is 138 delicious 139 Talk about a Cadillac fish Dino, please describe your 140 entree I'm gonna cut right through the 141 middle of this 142 Eboni, let me tell you, I live in the South, and I eat collard greens all the time And these are the best that I've 143 ever had There's just something about this 144 dish that is so exotic 145 That spice, once it starts to mingle with that honey glaze, it is just unbelievable Candidates Candidates Expressives Direct Directives Directives Direct Direct Directives Indirect Directives Directives Direct Direct Representatives Direct Directives Direct Candidates Candidates Candidates All judges Candidates Candidates Joe Candidates Directives Direct Expressives Direct Directives Direct Directives Direct Commissives Direct Representatives Direct Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Candidates Expressives Direct Expressives Direct Expressives Direct Candidates Candidates Candidates VIII People don't refer to desserts as being well-seasoned 146 Eboni's making orbit cake with 147 passion fruit I just love the creaminess of the 148 mascarpone 149 The macadamia, I love that And one of you is about to win 150 the most coveted prize of all Representatives Direct Representatives Direct Expressives Direct Expressives Direct Representatives Direct IX Candidates All judges Candidates Candidates Candidates ... are discussed in Chapter 28 4.2.1 How were speech acts employed by judges in “MasterChef US season 8? ??? 4.2.1.1 The types of speech acts used by judges in “MasterChef US season 8? ?? The speech act... AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ MINH HUYỀN SPEECH ACTS EMPLOYED BY JUDGES IN TV REALITY SHOW “MASTERCHEF US SEASON 8? ?? (Hành động ngôn từ giám khảo chương trình. .. speech acts used by judges in one season of MasterChef US series - “MasterChef US season 8? ?? In this study, the researcher attempts to investigate how speech acts are used by the main judges in