34 Nguyin Anh Tuan TIM COTNGlfOIAM HIEN TU^ONG TIM MO • • • B A N G NGOAI CAM QUA LANG KINH BAO CHI THOfI DOT M 6 I NGUYEN ANH TUAN md ma la ndi ban tam Idn eiia ngudi Viet Nam "Sinh hiiu gia cu tir hu'u dja tang", "Sdng ve md ve ma, khdng sdng ve ca bat com"" Dudng nhu mdi quan tam nay trd nen rd ret hon trong thdi ky chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te thj trudng (Hoang Ba Thinh 2007, tr 18) Tir cudi thap ky 80 din nay ngudi ta chirng kien su xuat hien ciia nhieu nha ngoai cam tim md Theo thdng ke, ca[.]
Nguyin Anh Tuan 34 TIM COTNGlfOIAM - HIEN TU^ONG TIM MO • BANG • • NGOAI CAM QUA LANG KINH BAO CHI THOfI DOT M6I NGUYEN ANH TUAN md ma la ndi ban tam Idn eiia ngudi Viet Nam: "Sinh hiiu gia cu - tir hu'u dja tang", "Sdng ve md ve ma, khdng sdng ve ca bat com"" Dudng nhu mdi quan tam trd nen rd ret hon thdi ky chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te thj trudng (Hoang Ba Thinh 2007, tr 18) Tir cudi thap ky 80 din ngudi ta chirng kien su xuat hien ciia nhieu nha ngoai cam tim md Theo thdng ke, ca nude hien cd khoang mot tram ngudi nhu vay (Le Mai Dung, 2007, tr 6) Hang van ngudi da tim gap nha ngoai cam de nhd tim hai cdt nhiing ngudi than qua cd cua hg Bao chf sd'm phan anh van de tir nira cudi thap ky 80 Hon hai thap ky qua, nd duge de cap tren nhieu td bao; tir nam 2000 den ed them sir tham gia ciia bao dien tir, tao nhung cudc tranh luan sdi ndi (vao eac nam: 1997, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008 ) Bai viet dat v^n dl tim hilu hien tugng tim md bang ngoai cam duge nhin nhan nhu the nao qua lang kinh bao chi tuong quan vdi nhung ddi thay d Viet Nam thdi ky- Ddi mdi (tii' 1986 din nay) Ngudn tu lieu sir dung de phan tich bai vilt gidi han d bao in truyen thdng va bao dien tir qua mdt sd bai bao dien hinh Tim cdt ngirdi dm'' cd ca sd la niim tin vao su tdn tai ciia cac linh hdn d thi Cum tir "tim cot nguai am" duoc sir dung bai \ iet tuang duang voi thuat ngu "tim mo (hai c6t"'thlt lac) bang ngoai cam", "tim c6t'" No Ihuang duac nh&ng nguai di tim mo bing ngoai cam d§ cap cau chuven cua ho Vi va>, toi sir dung thuat ngO nhu la mot su dien dat hinh anh \ i \in de nav " gidi ben - vdn tdn tai tir lau van hda Viet Nam Cdng viec tim hai cdt that lac (hay cdt ciia ngudi am) duge tien hanh thdng qua kha nang dac biet thu nhan thdng tin ve ngudi qua cd va the gidi ben de tim hai cdt that lac gan vdi vai trd eiia mdt nhdm ngudi duge ggi la cae nha ngoai cam Nhirng kiem nghiem khoa hgc cho biet ban than nha ngoai cam khdng cd chi sd nao bat binh thudng hay ndi each khae: hg la ngudi binh thudng Mot kiem nghiem Vien Khoa hgc Viet Nam thue hien da khdng tim duge bat cu chi bao bat thudng nao d chj H., mdt cac nha ngoai cam ndi tieng nhat Viet Nam hien (Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang ngudi (TTNCTNCN), 2001, tr 20-22) Tuy nhien, nha ngoai cam ed kha nang "ndi chuyen vdi ngudi am", "nghe duge tieng ngudi am" hay "giao thoa duge vdi vong linh" Hg khdng an ehirng duge su bat thudng ve the chat trude khoa hge nhung ed kha nang, dam nhiem cong viec khae thudng: tim cdt ngirdi dm Hai thap ky qua, hien tugng trd mdt van de dang ehii y, thu hut sir quan tam ciia du luan, cac nha nghien cuu, nha quan ly, bao chi va gidi truyen thdng Chua cd thdng ke chinh thire ve sd ngudi tim den vdi ngoai cam tim cdt ngirdi dm nhung ngudi ta eho rang eon sd cd the len tdi hang van hoac hang ehuc van ngudi (Nguyen Chu Phac, Han Thuy Vu, 2007, tr 7; Lien hiep Khoa hgc cdng nghe tin hgc irng dung, Vien Khoa hgc hinh sir Trung tam Bao trg van Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd4 - 2008 hda ky thuat truyen thdng, 2001, tr 4; Bd mdn Can tam ly, 2000, tr 9) Thue te, sd khach hang dm cdt ngirdi dm cd the Idn hon the nhieu Moi nha ngoai cam cd each thire tim cdt ngudi dm rieng, nhung nhin ehung qua trinh nay, ve ca ban, gdm hai giai doan: cung cap thdng tin va tim cdt ngudi dm tren thue dja Diem khae biet chu yeu nam giai doan thir hai nhung khdng hiem nha ngoai cam cd nhat mdt each lam viec Ngoai cam tim md hai thap ky qua da khoi goi tri tudng tugng vugt ngoai gidi ban thdng thudng ciia ngudi Nd tao nhirng huyen thoai eiia thdi hien dai, khdng the hinh dung ndi vdi hang tram cau chuyen dien hinh ve kha nang bi an ciia ngudi ma khoa hge chua cd eau tra ldi, ggi la "giao thoa vdi linh hdn"' Day chfnh la diem cdt Idi tao nen sue hap dan eiia hien tugng ddi vdi du hmn Niia cudi thap ky 80 trude sir xuat hien ciia mdt sd ngoai cam tim md, bao chi da vao cudc Til' dd den nay, van de duge de cap tren nhilu td bao nhu: Van nghe quan ddi, Nha bao va edng luan, Cuu chien binh, Tiln Phong, Thi gidi mdi, Kien thire nay, Hai Duong, An ninh Hai phdng, Cdng an nhan dan An ninh thii dd An ninh the gidi Ha Ndi Mdi, Lao ddng Cac bai viet cd thi duge dang tai rai rac hoac lien tue nhilu ky\ tao nhieu dgt sdng tranh luan Idn (vao eac nam: 1997, 2000, 2001, 2007 ) Mdi day (nam 2007), mdt cudc tranh luan chua timg ed vl ngoai cam tim md nd tren hai td bao An ninh thii va bao dien tir Vietimes (www.vietimes.com.vn) Cac tranh bien bao ehi ddi vdi tim cdt ngirdi dm, nhin ehung, chia hai xu hudng trai ngugc nhau: iing hd va phe phan 35 v l ndi dung, bao chi tap trung vao bdn diim chinh sau: 1) Khach hang va nha ngoai cam; 2) Giao thoa vdi vong: tai nang hay trd bjp ve su tdn tai eiia linh hdn?; 3) Tac dung hay tac hai; va 4) Ngoai cam va gia ngoai cam Thap ky 90, phan Idn tac gia eac bai bao ve van de ed quan diem phu djnh ngoai cam, xem khach hang cua ngoai cam tim md duge mieu ta mdt nghien ciru khae, nhu la nhirng ngudi nhe da ca tin, thilu hieu biet Cdn nhung ngudi iing hd thi lgc chgn nhung khach hang ed dia vj, danh tilng va hgc thiic cao xa hdi sir dung cau chuyen tim cdt ngirdi dm eiia hg de ehung minh dieu ngugc lai Nhung tii' sau cudc tranh luan bao ehi nam 2007, each nhin nhan ve khach hang lim cdt ngudi dm cd nhieu thay ddi theo hudng tieh cue hon Trong tranh kmn, eac bai bao nhin nhan khach hang vdi sir trung tinh nhu la dieu can thilt de thu duge nhieu hon cam tinh ciia ngudi dge va tang tinh khach quan cho bai bao each lam deu thay d ea hai loai bao chi ed quan diem iing hd va phe phan, nhung ndi trdi hon d bao chf phe phan ngoai cam tim md (Dd Kien Cudng, 2007; Tran Quang Dai, 2007; Hoai Giang, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007) cae nha ngoai cam thudng duge mieu ta kha day dii thdng tin ve nhan than (gidi, tudi, nghe nghiep trude day trinh do, tinh trang hdn nhan), nhung dae biet duge khae hga rd ve each thire trd nha ngoai cam va su xac thue ciia nang lire ngoai cam Thap ky 90, bao chi thudng lay dac diem nhan than de nhan manh hoac phe phan nang lire eiia nha ngoai cam (Nhdm phdng vien ehinh trj xa hdi, 1997, tr 1, 4; Ban CT-VX, 1997, 36 tr 1-3: Pham Quang D^u 1997 tr 14-17) Tir sau nam 2007, ylu td nhan than duge cac nghien ciin khoa hgc xac dinh la khdng cd lien quan tdi nang lire ngoai cam nen nhirng thong tin nhan than ehi giir vai trd eung cap thong tin ve nha ngoai cam Tam diem tranh bien ciia bao chi ve ngoai cam la kha nang giao thoa vdi vong linh cua nha ngoai cam Neu thap ky 90 cac tac gia ed quan diem ung hd ngoai cam mdi chi dat eau hdi ve kha nang giao thoa vdi vong linh eiia nha ngoai cam (Pham Quang Dau 1997 tr 14-17; Pham Thiiy Huong 1997 tr 16-17 ) thi tii' sau 2000 ho khang djnh thay vi dat cau hdi Ca sd de ho khang djnh quan diem la ket qua nghien eiiu eiia mdt sd td chirc nghien eii'u ve ngoai cam [Bd mdn Can tam ly (thuge Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang eon ngudi) Trung tam Bao trg van hda truyen thdng (Hgi Khoa hge lich sii' Viet Nam), Vien Khoa hgc hinh su (Bd cdng an) Lien hiep Khoa hgc cdng nghe tin hgc irng dung (Lien hiep Hdi khoa hge ky thuat Viet Nam)] Nhung dang chii y ban, mdt sd tac gia dua vao bang ehirng xet nghiem ADN mudn khang djnh su tdn tai ciia linh hdn va keu ggi xem nha ngoai cam la tai san qude gia (Le Mai Dung, 2007; Pham Ngge Duong 2007; Dinh Kilu Nguyen, 2001; Hoang Anh Sirdng, 2007; T.V 2007 ) Ve phfa nhu'ng ngudi phe phan ngoai cam tir cudi thap ky 80 din nam 2000 hg di tir y muon phii djnh ngoai cam nhu la hien tuong me tfn di doan hay mot trd lira bjp trai phap luat (Ban CT-VX, 1997 tr 3; Tiing De 1997 tr 8: Xuan Nguyen 1997, tr 1; Nhdm phong vien chfnh trj xa hdi, 1997, tr 1, 4: P.V 1997, tr 8; P.V., Nguyen Anh Tiid'n 2000a, tr 1, 4, 5; P.V., 2000b, tr 1; Dao Nguyen Lan, 2000) din eho thira nhan kha nang ngoai cam tim md nhung khdng chap nhan su tdn tai ciia linh hdn va chuyen "giao thoa vdi vong linh" (Dd Kien Cudng, 2007a; Khai Thien, 2007; Trhn Quang Dai, 2007; Pham Hiru Hanh, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007) Hg cho dieu khdng phii hgp vdi nen tang khoa hge hien dai va tim kiem mdt each giai thich van de mdi, vat hon, ggi la thuyet birc xa tan du Theo dd, ngoai cam tim md la viec dge thdng tin chira mdt dang vat chat (birc xa tan du) tir suy nghT ciia ngudi chet (Dd Kien Cudng, 2000, tr 34-44, 156-170; Pham Quang Binh, 2005, tr 58-63) Tac dung va tac hai cua ngoai cam tim md la chu de duge hau het cae bai bao nhac tdi tir nhung nam 1990 den Trong do, nhirng tac gia cd quan diem iing hd ngoai cam ed ddng thai nhan manh trj lieu tam ly, ndi dau mat mat ngudi than cua hang van ngudi de neu len tac dung thue te eiia ngoai cam va the hien quan diem eoi eac nha ngoai cam la tai san vd gia ciia qude gia Ngugc lai, nhung ngudi theo khuynh hudng phan ddi ngoai cam tim md thi nhan manh cae yeu td tieu cue ciia hien tugng nhu: hanh nghe trai phep, vi pham phap luat, lira dao, mat an ninh trat tu tri an, mat mat tien eiia, gia tang van nan me tin di doan, khdng cd dao dire Tir nhirng nam 2006 va 2007, hg chi tap trung phe phan cac nha ngoai cam gia danh, khdng phai ngoai cam tim md noi ehung (Khae Hien, 2006; Do Kien Cudng, 2007a, 2007b; Tran Quang Dai, 2007; Pham Hiru Hanh, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007) Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd4 - 2008 -il Nhirng ngudi ed khuynh hudng iing hd Nhu vay, cd the thay bao chf khdng chi ngoai cam tim each thdng tin cang phan ludng hien tugng tim cdt ngirdi dm ma nhieu cac cau chuyen tim md ciia nhirng edn chi cac quan diem da ehieu ve hien ngudi tirng cd vai trd, dja vi xa hdi, tugng va gan vdi nd la mdt loat minh chirng minh tai nang eua nha ngoai cam va ehung nham bien minh cho nhirng luan diem sir tdn tai ciia linh hdn Nhirng ngudi ddi lap trai ngugc Tham ehi, chu diem ciia eac tim each vach tran "eac nha ngoai cam gia cudc tranh luan cung khdng ngimg van ddng, danh" Hg khdng giau giem mue dich mudn phat trien hon hai thap ky qua khai tir cac nha ngoai cam gia danh Sau Mdt dieu de nhan thay la cudi thap nhan duge su ddng tinh iing hd eiia du luan, nien 80 den nay, sd lugng bai bao phan anh ho ket thiic loat bai tren thdi bao dien tii' ve ngoai cam tim md tang len dang ke Vietimes bang each girl ldi thaeh thire gidi Trong niia cudi thap ky 80 den niia dau thap ngoai cam Viet Nam hay khang djnh tai ky 90 ngudi ta thay phan Idn la cac bai bao nang bang nhirng thf nghiem ed kiem soat cd quan diem phan ddi ngoai cam Ngugc tieu chuan qude te (tai My) de duge vinh lai, vao nira sau thap ky 90 sang nam 2000, danh ciing sd tien thudng khong Id 50 trieu bao ehi dang tai nhieu hon cac y kien iing hd USD (Viet Tien, 2007) ngoai cam (Ngge Tran, 1994; Pham Quang Mot diem dang ehii y nira la hien bao chi phan anh ngoai cam va gia ngoai cam deu su dung ket qua ciia cae chuong trinh nghien cuu va ddi ngu chuyen gia ITnh vuc Nhung ngudi theo khuynh hudng ung hd ngoai cam no lire tuyen truyen, lay ket luan nghien cuu ciia cac Dau, 1997; Pham Thiiy Huong, 1997 ) Tii' 2000 den (dae biet tir sau nam 2007), sd lugng eac bai bao ed quan diem iing hg tang len nhanh chdng, vugt trdi cac bai bao theo khuynh hudng phan ddi ngoai cam Trong cudc tranh bien nam 2007, mdt tac gia cho biet mdi tuong quan sd lugng nhu sau: chuong trinh lam eo' sd cho bai viet nhu la "Da CO mot so bai bao, quyen mdt su bao dam quan trgng Cdn cac bai bao sach dan nhu'ng bang chii'ng ve khdng ehia se quan diem tren, ngoai viec su lira dao cua cae nha ngoai cam dua thdng tin nham lat tay eac nha ngoai noi tieng nhat hien nay, nhung cam gia danh, cdn chat van tin cay va nhirng bai viet ay nhanh chdng bi phuong phap nghien cuu ciia cac ehuong lan at mot rirng bai nggi ca, trinh khao nghiem ngoai cam tim md than phue (tren nhung td bao co "Khdng nhdm tac gia c6 kien thiic can thiet ve ngoai cam Vi dpi ngu nghien cii'u thieu kien thirc chuyen nganh (ngoai cam) nen ho khong thiet ke dirge thi nghiem cd kiem soat va bj nha ngoai cam lam xiic" (Viet Tien, 2007) uy tfn va dong dao ban doc nhat)!" (Tran Quang Dai, 2007) Viec thay ddi ve ndi dung phan anh khien cho dung lugng cac bai bao de cap den ngoai cam tim md tir cudi thap ky 80 din ed su ddi khae Neu nhu trude day, cac bai bao ed dung lugng khiem tdn tii' 900 din 38 1.500 chii thi cd khoang 2.500 chir Dae biet cac bai viet tren bao dien tir thudng ed dung lugng Idn hon trung binh khoang 3.500 chir nhieu nhat la gan 5.000 chir Nguyen nhan la bao dien tu khdng bj gidi ban so trang nhu bao in truyen thdng Thay vi ehi dang tai mdt hoac hai bai viet don le trude day, bao chi hien ed xu hudng tap trung trinh bay van de ngoai cam nhieu ky lien tuc Day la each lam thudng thay cua nhieu td bao Day cung la each de cae y kien ed eo- hdi tranh luan vdi va ddc gia duge thdng tin tir nhieu chieu, ddng thdi ddc gia eung cd co- hgi duge bao chi trao tieng ndi cae nha bao thudng phan anh van de tim cdt ngirdi dm chuyen mue van hda ddi sdng hoac phap luat, an ninh eanh giac cac td bao dien tir ed uu the hon nhd kha nang tao dudng "link"" nham ket noi cac bai viet cd Cling chu de vdi de ngudi dge tien theo ddi (Bao dien tu Vietimes: www vietimes.com.vn) Trude day hau het eac bai vilt ve ngoai cam tim md gidng nhu ldi nhan xet eiia Hoang Van Chung "anh duge diing hoac la chat lugng rat thap (den trang gdc chup ngheo nan) hoac la khdng hi cd anh minh hga"' (Hoang Van Chung 2006, tr 102) Tuy nhien tii' nam 2000 din nay, nhilu td bao da khae phue nhugc diem Mdt sd td bao in truyen thdng sir dung anh tu lieu den trang nhung cd gdc bam may da dang, dae ta chira dung ham y rd rang Anh mau cd xu hudng duge sii dung mot nhilu hon Dac bia, mot sd anh khdng chi thi hien tfnh my thuat ma edn thi hien gia tri tu lieu Nguyen Anh Tuan ve vat tiiy tang, dac diem nhan dang, dac diem xuong cdt, nhirng vat la dan dudng hanh ddng ky la qua trinh tim md ban md ehi ciing dac diem dja hinh giau sire thuyet phue (Hoang Minh Dire, 2007; Hoang Anh Suong 2007; Nguyin Anh Tuan, 2007) Cd mdt su thay ddi dang ke loat bai viet tir sau nam 2007, dac biet la nhirng bai duge dang tren bao dien tir Trung binh mdi bai bao ed tdi thieu mdt anh mau, nhieu la bdn, nam chiec Trong mdt so loat bai bao phan ddi ngoai cam gia danh, nhiing tam anh chup ngudi thue, vat thue vdi nhieu gdc bam may va khung hinh the hien rd su ngu y Nhieu anh cham biem ed sue ggi md eung duge phdi hgp su dung (Pham Hiru Hanh, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007a-f; Hoai Giang, 2007) cac bai bao cang lien tuc cap nhat, da dang each thirc the hien Nhiing van de ve ky thuat va my thuat ciia eac bai vilt cang duge chau ehudt nham dam bao sire hap dan, ldi cudn sir td md cua dge gia cae bai viet cd logic ve hinh thire; nhd vay, da tao sir thoai mai va de dang cho ngudi dge De tranh luan, eac nha bao sir dung linh boat eac thii phap hinh thirc bao chi: tir phdng su den phdng van nha ngoai cam ngudi cudc nhirng chuyen gia, cac nha nghien cuu Nhieu bai bao sau cdn duge tap hgp in sach phdng su dai ky- phat hanh vdi sd lugng Idn va tai ban nhieu lan (Nguyen Dinh Phiic 2002: Trin Ngge Lan, 2006; Hoang Anh Sudng, 2007; Le Mai Dung, 2007; Nguyen Chu Phac Han Thuy Vu, 2007: Do Kien Cudng 2000 2001, 2006; Pham Ngge Duong, 2007) 39 Tgp ehi Ddn tdc hgc sd - 2008 cae tac gia nhirng bai bao cd quan diem iing hd va phe phan ngoai cam hai thap ky qua da cd nhung ddi thay ve ngdn ngir trinh bay Neu nhu nhu'ng nam 1990 hg han che sir dung nhirng thuat tir: "ngoai cam", "tam linh", "ngudi am", "vong linh'" duge xem la mang tinh nhay cam" thi nhirng cum tii' trd nen kha quen thude cac bai viet ciia hg Sir thay ddi ciing de nhan thay ngdn ngir ciia nhung tac gia phe phan ngoai cam Thap ky trude, hg thudng sir dung cac tir nhu: "thii doan", "trd lira bjp", "liia dao" Ngay nay, ddc gia eiia hg van ed the cam nhan rd rang dinh hudng ndi dung cac bai viet ciia hg ma khdng can tdi nhung tir ngii tren Ddi ngu tac gia cac bai viet lien quan den tim cdt ngudi dm nhung nam qua ed su thay ddi ea ve chat va lugng Den nam 2000, ngudi ta thay da sd tac gia la cac phdng vien eua cac tda bao, mdt sd an danh, ghi la P.V., ban CT-VX (bao Hai Duong, sd 96 (12/8/1997), tr 1-3; bao An ninh Hai Phdng, sd 253 (20-8/25-8-1997) va sd 254 (26-8/2-9-1997), tr 1, 8; bao An ninh thi gidi, sd 206 (7/12/2000), tr I, 4, 5; Thdi bao kinh tl Viet Nam, so 111 (15/9/2000), tr 11) thi su an danh nhu tren trd nen hiem gap Ddi ngii tac gia duge md rdng vdi da dang nghe nghiep: dd mdt sd la nha nghien cuu am hieu van de ngoai cam, ngudi cd dja vi, danh tieng xa hdi Nhieu ngudi da hoac dang tham gia vao cac khda • Den nam 2002, de duoc cap giay phep xuat ban mot cuon sach tap hgp nhiing bai bao, cau chuyen, y kien ve van de ngoai cam tim mo, tac gia da phai "nguy trang" no nhu mot cuon tieu thuyet va xuat ban no a Hai Phong thay vi a Ha Noi (Nguyen Dinh Phiic (2002), Con mai ingi linh ihirang, N.\b Hai Phong) hgc hay hdi thao khoa hgc ve nghien ciiru ngoai cam d nude ngoai Cae tac gia viet ve ngoai cam tim md nhting nam gan day da phan nao khae phue duge nhiing ban che ve kien thirc lien quan den van de ngoai cam Ci cae bai viet cd quan diem iing hd ngoai cam tim cdt ngirdi dm, cac tac gia cd tham vgng ehung minh su tdn tai ciia linh hdn bang each trinh bay va sir dung ngdn ngii' mdt each than trgng hon Phia ben cudc tranh luan, nhung ngudi theo xu hudng phan ddi cung khdng cirng nhac vdi quan diem xem ngoai cam tim md la hien tugng me tfn dj doan Hg da thira nhan tfnh xac thue nang lire ngoai cam tim cdt ngirdi dm, nhung ddng thdi the hien su khdng khoan nhugng vdi sir lam dung ngoai cam Trong thap ky trude, hau nhu cae bai viet chi cd nhat tieng ndi cua tac gia va nhan chimg, bj phe phan mang tfnh chu quan phat ngdn vi hiem cd su tham van y kien ciia chuyen gia Hien nay, bao ehf (dac biet la bao dien tir) da cd su hgp tac vdi ddi ngu chuyen gia, trao tieng ndi cho hg va dua CO hdi phan hdi den cho cdng chiing Loat bai eua bao Vietimes cudc tranh luan nam 2007 la mdt vi du dien hinh Ket luan Trong bdi eanh md cira, hdi nhap qude te va md rdng dan ehu hoa cac mat ddi sdng xa hdi ciia thdi ky Ddi mdi, van de ngoai cam tim md - mdt van de duge xem la te nhi ddi vdi giao due tu tudng ca che quan lieu, bao cap - duge thdng tin, ban thao rdng va md tren mat bao ehi Nhirng quan diem, y kien, each tiep can, nhan thirc khae nhau, tham chf trai ngugc xung quanh van de Nguyen Anh Tuan 40 deu duge dang tai tren cac loai bao chi khae Nhd dd cae ben quan tam deu cd CO' hdi tham gia; ban dge duge tiep can vdi thdng tin da chieu va nhan thire van de ngoai cam tim md dan dan duge phat trien tren ca sd nhu'ng ket qua nghien ciru khoa hgc va thue tien khach quan cua ddi sdng Tai lieu tham khao Ban CT-VX (1997) "Can dep nhirng boat dgng trai phep ciia nha ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien"", Bdo Hdi Duong Sd 96(12/8/1997), tr 1-3 Pham Quang Binh (2005), "Budc dau tim hieu ban chat, ngudn gdc eac hien tugng ngoai cam eiia ngudi"", Tgp chi Tdm ly hgc So 12, tr 58-63 Bd mdn Can tam ly (2000), Bdo cdo tdng hgp ket qua khao sdt kha ndng dac biet ciia cd Nguyen Thi Phuong - Hdm Rdng Tinh Thanh Hda Ha Ndi Hoang van Chung (2006), "Vai van de ve bao chf viet ve cae dang thire tdn giao mdi a Viet Nam hien nay"", trong: Ky ylu hdi nghj "Approaching Vietnam's Conlemporaiy Cultures Conference" (ngay 2-6 thang 12 nam 2006) Vien Nghien ciru Van hoa tr 100-131 Do Kien Cudng (2000), Ly giai cdc hien tugng di thudng Nxb Tre Tp Hd Chf Minh Do Kien Cudng (2007a), "Thue nghiem nhanh " - "dn tir" cho ngogi cdm gid danh, (3/10/2007), tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 10/10/2007) Do Kien Cudng (2007b), Thirc hu ngogi cdm - Cdi nhin khoa hgc ehdn chinh, (1/10/2007), tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 10/10/2007) 10 C G (2001), "Bat ke gia danh nha ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien", Bdo Cdng an nhdn ddn, 1112 (ngay 27/5/2001), tr 11 Le Mai Dung (2007), Bi dn ciia cdc nhd ngogi cdm Viet Nam, Nxb Van hoa thdng tin, Ha Ndi 12 Pham Ngge Duong (2007), Hien tugng ngogi cam - Hien thue vd ly gidi, Nxb Van hda thdng tin Ha Ndi 13 Tran Quang Dai (2007), Lira ddo mdt gia dinh la lira ddo cd mdt luong tdm xd hdi, (10/10/2007) tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 10/10/2007) 14 Pham Quang Dau (1997), "Nguyen van Lien - mdt kha nang ngoai cam dac sac"" The gidi mdi, Sd 235, 12/05/1997 tr 14-17 Do Kien Cudng (2001) Hien tugng ldm linh Nxb Tre, Tp Hd Chf Minh 15 Timg De (1997), "Tram nghe khdng bang mdt thay vl nha ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien'", Chuyen muc Kinh ti xd hdi, bdo Tiin Phong, 9/12/1997, tr Dd Kien Cudng (2006) Ly gidi cdc hien tugng di thudng Huyin thogi vd Sir ihcii Nxb Tre Tp Ho Chf Minh 16 Hoang Minh Diic (2007), "Hanh trinh tim md Met sy Trudng ban thudng true qude hdi dAu tien"" (3 ky), Bdo Ngirdi dgi Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd4 - 2008 bieu nhdn ddn, 41 vvvvvv.ndbnd.com.vn (truy 22/6/2008,' cap thdng (2001), Bdo cdo tdng ket chirong trinh khdo nghiem khoa hgc tim md tir xa bdng khd ndng ddc biet (giai dogn II), Wa Ndi 27/7/2008) hoi 25 Dinh Kilu Nguyen (2001) Hdnh "ngogi cdm tim md" - Sir thirc Id ddy trinh tim md ddng chi Nguyen Dire Cdnh, (phdn trang tren trang www.anninhthudo.vn (truy cap ngay 11/11/2007) 17 Hoai Giang (2007a), Phdn I)'? (22/10/2007), www.vietimes.com.vn tren (truy cap 22/10/2007) 26 Xuan Nguyen (1997), "Quan ly 18 Hoai Giang (2007b), Phan hdi "ngogi cdm tim md " - Sir thue Id ddy (phdn IIJ':' (24/10/2007), vvvvw vietimes.com, tren (truy trang cap 24/10/2007) ngogi gid danh, wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cdm (2/10/2007), cap 7/11/2007) rom 27 Nhdm phdng vien chfnh tri xa hdi (1997), "Thir ven bu'c man "bf mat" ciia nha Duong, Sd 77, 1/7/1997, tr 1, 28 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes (2007a), Cdi vdng trdn ngd ngdn (Ky 1), tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 20 Khae Hiln (2006), "Nhd cdm" ddng xd hdi {3/9/\997),tr ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien", Bdo Hdi 19 Pham Hun Hanh (2007), Gin cdc nhd boat ddng ciia eac nha ngoai cam", Bdo Lao nguy (16/10/2006), tgo hdi cdt liet sT, tren www.tienphongonline.eom.vn ngogi trang (truy cap 11/11/2007) 21 Pham Thiiy Huong (1997), "Ngudi tim md tir xa", Tgp chi Kien thirc ngdy nay, Sd 10, thang nam 1997, tr 16-17 22 Dao Nguyen Lan (2000), "Hien tugng "Cd Phuong - Thanh Hda" kha nang ky la hay trd liia dao", Chuyen san Nhd bdo vd cdng ludn, thang nam 2000, tr 8, 9, 33 23 Tran Ngge Lan (2006) Nhirng cdu chuyen ve the gidi tdm linh, Nxb Van hda thdng tin Ha Ndi 24 Lien hiep Khoa hgc edng nghe tin 18/9/2007) 29 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes (2007b), Mgch dap thi that nhimg mdu thi den (Ky 2) tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 18/9/2007) 30 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes (2007c), Sdu ngdy ly ky tim md (Ky 3), tren trang vvvvw.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 19/9/2007) 31 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes (2007d), Khi ngogi cdm chieu yeu khoa hgc (Ky 4), tren trang www.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap 21/9/2007) 32 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes (2007e), Neu tham gia thir nghiem chet la chuyen binh thudng hoc iing dung, Vien Khoa hge hinh su, www.vietimes.com.vn Trung tam Bao trg van hda ky thuat truyen 21/9/2007) (Ky 5), tren trang (truy cap Nguyen Anh Tuan 42 33 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes 42 Viet Tien (2007), Dd Kien Cudng: (20071) Khdng duoc Igm dung thdn thdnh chien binh "quet sgch " ngogi cdm gid danh, (Ky 6), tren trang w ww vietimes.eom.vn tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap (truy cap 21/9/2007) 8/10/2007) 34 Nguyen Chu Phac Han Thuy Vii 43 Ngge TrAn (1994), "Nhirng liet sy (2007) Hdnh trinh thieng lieng tim hen cdt d ngue Chin Ham" Bdo Thdng tin ciru chien liet sy - su mdch bao tdm linh vd nhimg kha hinh {\2/]994).tr ndng k}' dieu cua ngirdi, Nxb Van hda thong tin Ha Ndi 44 Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang eon ngudi (TTNCTNCN) (2001), Bdo cdo 35 Nguyin Dinh Phue (2002), Cdn ndi dung, ket qud nghien cim, ket ludn vd kien nghi: "De tdi khoa hgc cdng nghe TK mdi mdt tinh thuong, Nxb Hai Phdng 36 P V (1997), - c a n lam sang td hien tugng nha ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien 05 " - Nghien ciru tim md bdng phuong Hai Phdng Sl 253 (ngay 20-8/25-8-1997) 45 Trung tam Nghien cuu tiem nang ngudi (2003) Kyyiu 37 P.V (2000a) "Nhirng trd bjp ngirdi, Ha Ndi 46 Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang mdi thdng qua "dich vu tim md Met sy" the gidi hdi thdo khoa hgc Idn thir II ve cdc kha ndng tiem dn cua va So 254 (ngay 26-8/2-9-1997) tr I ninh phdp ddc biet Ha Ndi a huyen Tir Ky Hai Duong"" Bdo An ninh Bdo An Sd 206 eon ngudi (2003) Bdo cdo tdng kit di tdi: Budc ddu nghien cim mdt sd khd ndng ddc 7/12/2000 tr biet cua ngirdi Ha Ndi 38 P.V (2000b) "Cd mot dich vu 47 TTCCB (2000), "Sir that vl mdt sd \ong hon"" (4 ky) Thdi bdo kinh ti Viet trudng hgp lira ddi ciia mky "nha ngoai Xam Sl 111 15/9/2000 tr 11 cam"" Chuyen muc CCB hdi - CCB tra ldi, 39 Hoang Anh Sudng (2007), Cdu chuyen ciia nhd ngogi cam - Thien phdng sir Bdo Thdng tin Cim chiin binh, Sd 84, (7/2000) tr 29-32 ddc sdc Nxb Hdi nha van Ha Ndi 48 Nguyen Anh TuAn (2007), "Hanh 40 Khai Thien (2007), Thugng tga Thich Thanh Due: "Ngogi cam" khdng ndi chuyen vdi hon, VV WW.vietimes.eom.vn tren (truy trang cap trinh ky la di tim md cu Nguyen Van Td", Bdo An ninh thu dd, Sd 2089 (31/7/2007), tr 11; Sd 141 (29/7/2007), tr 23; Sd 2088 (30/7/2007), tr 11 5/10/2007) 49 T.V (2007), Nhd nhd ngogi cdm 41 Hoang Ba Thinh (2007), "Vai net xde dpih danh tinh 47 liet sy, tren trang vl ddi sdng van hda tam linh eu dan van www.ca.eand.eom.vn do"" Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc Sd 3, tr 15-21 23/8/2007) (truy cap ... ghi la P.V., ban CT-VX (bao Hai Duong, sd 96 (12/8/1997), tr 1-3 ; bao An ninh Hai Phdng, sd 253 (2 0-8 /2 5-8 -1 997) va sd 254 (2 6-8 / 2-9 -1 997), tr 1, 8; bao An ninh thi gidi, sd 206 (7/12/2000), tr... tr 3 4-4 4, 15 6-1 70; Pham Quang Binh, 2005, tr 5 8-6 3) Tac dung va tac hai cua ngoai cam tim md la chu de duge hau het cae bai bao nhac tdi tir nhung nam 1990 den Trong do, nhirng tac gia cd quan... hdi, 1997, tr 1, 4; Ban CT-VX, 1997, 36 tr 1-3 : Pham Quang D^u 1997 tr 1 4-1 7) Tir sau nam 2007, ylu td nhan than duge cac nghien ciin khoa hgc xac dinh la khdng cd lien quan tdi nang lire ngoai