Bồi dưỡng ngữ pháp thi HSG anh 7 bản giáo viên

Để tải tài liệu chỉnh sửa vui lịng liên hệ qua Zalo: 0388202311 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: CÁC THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ (TENSES OF VERB) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CÁC CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ (PHRASES AND CLAUSES) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ (COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (REPORTED SPEECH) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: CÂU AO ƯỚC (WISH AND IF ONLY) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: USED TO; BE/ GET USED TO + V-ING CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: CÁC KlỂU CÂU ĐỀ NGHỊ (SUGGESTIONS) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8: ADJ + TO V ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: TỪ ĐỊNH LƯỢNG (QUANTIFIER) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIÊU KIỆN (TYPES OF CONDITIONAL) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: MẠO TỪ: A, AN, THE (ARTICLE: A, AN, THE) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: V-ING VÀ V INFINITIVE (GERUND AND INFINITIVE) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU (MODAL VERBS) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: CÂU HỎI ĐI (TAG QUESTION) CHUN ĐỀ 16: TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ (ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: CÁC TỪ NỐI (CONNECTIVES) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERB) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19 : WORD FORMS CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: SENTENCE BUILDING+ REWRITE CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: CÁC THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ (TENSES OF VERB) Thì đơn (Present Simple) a Cấu trúc (form) Động từ thường (+) I/ you/ we/ they + V He/ she/ it + V(s/es) (-) I /we /you/ they + don’t + V He /she / it + doesn’t + V (?) Do + I/ you/ we/ they + V? Does + he/ she/ it + V?  Chú ý: are not = aren’t To be (+) I + am You/ we/ they + are He/ she/ it + is (-) I + am not You/ we/ they + aren’t He/ she/ it + isn’t (?) Am I ? Are we/you/they ? Is he/ she/ it ? is not = isn’t not = don’t does not = doesn’t b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn đạt hành động mang tính thường xun, thói quen, hành động lặp lặp lại có tính quy luật Ví dụ: Linda goes to school every day My mother usually has breakfast at a.m - Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ: The earth goes around the sun Water boils at 100 degrees C - Diễn tả thời gian biểu lịch trình Ví dụ: The plane arrives at p.m tonight The news programme starts at p.m c Các trạng ngữ thường dùng Trong câu thường có trạng từ tần suất như: always (luôn luôn) sometimes (thi thoảng) often (thường xuyên) seldom (hiếm khi) usually (thường xuyên) never (không bao giờ) Every: every day/ week/ month/ year (hàng ngày/ hàng tuần/ hàng tháng/ hàng năm) In the morning/ afternoon/ evening (Vào buổi sáng/ chiều/ tối) d Cách thêm đuôi s/es Sau ngơi thứ số ít, động từ thêm đuôi “s” “es” - Thông thường, ta thêm đuôi s vào sau hầu hết động từ - Khi động từ có tận âm: o, ch, sh, ss, x ta thêm es Ví dụ: goes, watches, finishes, misses  Chú ý: Những động từ có tận “y” trước phụ âm, ta phải đổi “y” thành “i” trước thêm “es’ Ví dụ: fly - flies; carry – carries 2 Thì tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) a Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng định I + am + V-ing You/ we/ they + are + V-ing He/ she/ it + is + V-ing Phủ định I + am not + V-ing You/ we/ they + aren’t + V-ing He/she/it + isn’t + V-ing Nghi vấn Am + I + V-ing? Are + you/ we/ they + V-ing? Is + he/ she/ it + V-ing? b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói (ví dụ a, b) hành động xảy xung quanh thời điểm nói (ví dụ c) Ví dụ: a Please don’t make so much noise I’m studying b Look at the sun, it is shining brightly c We learn maths every Monday afternoon, but this afternoon we are learning English c Các trạng ngữ thường dùng - Now, at present, at the moment, right now etc - Hoặc số động từ như: look!, listen! Watch out! etc d Các động từ thường không dùng thời tiếp diễn Các động từ trạng thái bảng sau khơng chia tiếp diễn chúng động từ tĩnh diễn đạt trạng thái, giác quan tình cảm know (biết) understand (hiểu) have (có) believe (tin tưởng) hate (ghét) need (cần) hear (nghe) love (yêu) appear (xuất hiện) see (nhìn) like (thích) seem (dường như) smell (ngửi) want (muốn) taste (nếm) wish (ước) sound (nghe có vẻ) own (sở hữu) Nhưng chúng động từ hành động chúng lại phép dùng thể tiếp diễn Ví dụ: He has a lot of books (KHÔNG DÙNG: He is having a lot of books) Tuy nhiên, có thể: Ví dụ: He is having his dinner (Anh ay ĐANG ăn tối - hành động ăn diễn ra) e Cách thêm “ing” vào sau động từ - Thông thường ta thêm “ing” trực tiếp vào sau động từ: Ví dụ: learn - learning; play - playing; study - studying - Khi động từ có tận “e”, ta bỏ “e” cuối từ thêm “ing” Ví dụ: shine - shining; live - living; Ngoại lệ: see - seeing; agree - agreeing; dye - dyeing - Nếu động từ có âm tiết động từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ kết thúc phụ âm đằng trước nguyên âm (e, o, i, u, a) phải nhân đơi phụ âm trước thêm “ing” Ví dụ: run - running; sit - sitting; admit - admitting, f Chú ý: Thì tiếp diễn đạt ý nghĩa tương lai Khi nói thu xếp rồi, sử dụng tiếp diễn Ví dụ: A: Ann is coming tomorrow morning? B: What time is she arriving? A: At 10.30 B: Are you meeting her at the station? B: I can’t I’m working tomorrow morning Thì tai hồn thành (Present Perfect) a Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng định Phủ định I/ you/ we/ they + have + PII He/ she/ it + has + PII I/ you/ we/ they + haven’t + PII He/ she/ it + hasn’t + PII Nghi vấn Have + I/ you/ we/ they + PII? Has + he/ she/ it + + PII? b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động khứ, hồn thành có kết (ví dụ a, b) tiếp diễn (ví dụ c, d) Ví dụ: a The teacher has just cleaned the board (He started cleaning it some minutes ago and now the board is clean.) b We have already corrected all the homework (We started correcting the homework some minutes ago and now it is all corrected.) c We have learned English for a year (We started learning English a year ago and now we are still learning it.) d I have lived in Ha Noi since 1990 (I started living in Hanoi and now we are still living in Ha Noi.) c Các trạng ngữ hoàn thành - just (vừa mới): thường đặt have/has PII - already (đã): thường đặt have/has PII thường dùng câu phủ định - recently = lately (gần đây): thường đặt cuối câu - yet (chưa, chưa): thường dùng câu phủ định - yet (đã, từng): đặt cuối câu - never (chưa bao giờ): thường đặt have/has PII - for + khoảng thời gian: for years, for a month - since + mốc thời gian: since o’clock, since yesterday, since last week, since 1990, etc d Quá khứ phân từ Đối với động từ có quy tắc, ta cần thêm “ed” vào sau động từ (nếu động từ kết thúc với “e”, cần thêm “d” đủ.) Ví dụ: learn - learned; work - worked; live - lived Đối với động từ bất quy tắc: ta xem bảng động từ bất quy tắc Ví dụ: go - gone; see - seen; cut - cut; meet - met 4 Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn (Present Perfect Progressive) a Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng định I/ you/ we/ they + have + been + V-ing He/ she/ it + has +been +V-ing Phủ định I/ you/ we/ they + haven’t + been + V-ing He/ she/ it + hasn't + been + V-ing Nghi vấn Have + I/ you/ we/ they + been + V-ing? Has + he/ she/ it + been + V-ing? b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động kéo dài q khứ, hồn thành cịn tiếp diễn Ví dụ: a The ground is wet It has been raining b My friend has been teaching English since 1980 c My hands are dirty I have been working in the garage d You’re out of breath Have you been running? e George hasn’t been feeling well recently c So sánh hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoàn thành Present Perfect I am tired I have written 10 letters (Nhấn mạnh đến kết hành động.) Thì khứ đơn (Past simple) Present Perfect Progressive I am tired I have been writing letters for hours (Nhấn mạnh đến tính kéo dài hành động.) a Cấu trúc (form) Động từ thường (+) S + Ved/ V2 (-) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V? To be (+) You/ We/ they + were I/ he/ she/ it + was (-) We/you/they + weren't I/ he/ she/ it + wasn’t (?) Were + you/ we/ they? Was + I/ he/ she/ it?  Chú ý: - Đa số động từ khứ tận -ed, số động từ quan trọng lại động từ bất quy tắc (Ta xem bảng động từ bất quy tắc đế hiểu rõ hơn) - Dạng viết tắt: Was not = wasn’t; were not = weren’t; did not = didn’t b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm khứ Ví dụ: a My brother learned English 10 years ago b I lived and worked in Hanoi in 1990 c Their parents went to Ho Chi Minh city last summer - Diễn tả loạt hoạt động liên tiếp khứ When she went home, she ate a cake, drank a glass of water then she went to bed c Các trạng ngữ thường gặp khứ đơn - ago (trước đây) - yesterday (hôm qua) - last month, last week, last year (tháng trước, tuần trước, năm trước) - in + thời gian: in 1980, in 2000 d Cách thêm đuôi ed - Thêm -d vào sau động từ tận -ee -e Ví dụ: live  lived; love  loved; agree  agreed - Đối với động từ âm tiết, tận nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ h, w, x) phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước thêm -ed: Ví dụ: fit  fitted; stop  stopped; fix  fixed - Động từ tận -y, ta chia làm trường hợp: Trước y phụ âm, ta biến y thành i trước thêm -ed: study  studied Trước y nguyên âm, ta thêm -ed bình thường: play  played Với động từ cịn lại, ta thêm -ed Ví dụ: work  worked; learn  learned e Đối với động từ bất quy tắc Ta xem thêm phụ lục bảng động từ bất quy tắc cuối sách Verb Quá khứ đơn Nghĩa Go Do Went Did làm Make Give have come bring get be Made Gave Had Came Brought Got Was/ were tạo đưa cho có đến mang theo được, lấy thì, là, Thì khứ tiếp diễn (Past Progressive) a Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng định I/ he/ she/ it + was + V-ing You/ we/ they + were + V-ing Phủ định I/ he/ she/ it + wasn't + V-ing You/ we/ they + weren’t + V-ing Nghi vấn Was + I/ he/ she/ it + V-ing? Were + we/ you/ they + V-ing? b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ví dụ: At 12 o’clock yesterday, we were having lunch At this time days ago, I was travelling in America - Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy hành động khác xen vào (Hành động xảy chia khứ tiếp diễn, hành động xen vào chia q khứ đơn.) Ví dụ: He was chatting with his friend when his mother came into the room They were working when we got there - Diễn tả hai hành động đồng thời xảy thời điểm khứ, câu thường có từ “while” Ví dụ: My mother was cooking lunch while my father was cleaning the floor at 10 am yesterday I was studying English while my brother was listening to music last night Thì q khứ hồn thành (Past Perfect) a Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng định S + had + PII Phủ định S + hadn’t + PII Nghi vấn Had + S + PII  Chú ý: had not = hadn’t b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc trước hành động khác khứ Ví dụ: a Before I moved here in 1990, I had lived in Hanoi b After they had seen the film, they went home c When we arrived at the station, the train had left  Chú ý: Thì q khứ hồn thành thường dùng kèm với khứ đơn để diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc trước hành động khác bắt đầu Thì tương lai đơn (Future Simple) a Cấu trúc (form) Khẳng định S + will + V Phủ định S + won’t + V Nghi vấn Will + S + V?  Chú ý: will not = won’t b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động thực tương lai Ví dụ: I will go to work by bus tomorrow - Để diễn tả định thời điểm nói A: It’s hot B: Yes I will turn on the air-conditioner - Diễn tả lời hứa Thank you for lending me the money I’ll pay you back on Friday c Các trạng ngữ thường gặp - tomorrow (ngày mai) - next week, next month, next year (tuần tới, tháng tới, năm tới) - later (sau này) - in + mốc thời gian tương lai: in 2020 - Sau vài cụm từ quen thuộc I’m sure I think I hope I believe Ví dụ: I think he will come next week I believe she will pass the exam 10 Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Progressive) a Cấu trúc Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn b Cách sử dụng (Usage) S + will + be + V-ing S + won’t + be + V-ing Will + S + be + V-ing? - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định tương lai Ví dụ: I will be working hard at 10 a.m tomorrow He will be reading a book this time tomorrow - Diễn tả hành động diễn có hành động khác xen vào tương lai Ví dụ: When I get back at eleven, they will be sleeping c Các trạng ngữ thường gặp - this time + thời gian tương lai - at + + danh từ thời gian tương lai: at p.m tomorrow 11 Thì tương lai hồn thành (Future Perfect) a Cấu trúc Khẳng định S + will + have + PII Phủ định S + won't + have + PII Nghi vấn Will + S + have + PII b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Diễn tả hành động kết thúc trước thời điểm hành động khác tương lai Ví dụ: He will have finished his work by o’clock Taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing By next Sunday, you will have stayed with us for weeks 12 Thì tương lai hồn thành tiếp diễn (Future Perfect Continuous) a Cấu trúc Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn b Cách sử dụng (Usage) S + will + have been + V-ing S + won’t + have been + V-ing Will + S + have been + V-ing Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy khứ tiếp diễn liên tục đến thời điểm cho trước tương lai Ví dụ: I will have been studying English for 10 year by the end of next month 13 Thì tương lai gần (near future) a Cấu trúc Khẳng định I + am going to + V You/ we/ they + are going to + V He/ she/ it + is going to + V Phủ định I + am not going to + V You/ we/ they + are not going to + V He/ she/ it + is not going to + V Nghi vấn Am + I going to + V? Are + you/ we/ they going to + V? Is + he/ she/ it + going to + V? b Cách sử dụng (Usage) - Dùng để diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch tương lai Ví dụ: He is going to get married this year We are going to take a trip to HCM city this weekend - Dùng để diễn đạt dự đốn có cứ, có dẫn chứng cụ thể Ví dụ: Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain Are you going to cook dinner? I have seen a lot of vegetables on the table BÀI TẬP CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: CÁC THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ (TENSES OF VERB) Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets: simple present or present continuous Where's John? He (listen) to a new CD in his room Don't forget to take your umbrella with you to London You know it always (rain) England Jean (work) hard all day but she (not work) Look! That boy (run) He (speak) We (meet) from Germany him in an hour and nothing is ready! again It always (snow) very well, but she (not run) Sorry I can't help you I (not know) 10 I (think) to catch it German so well because he (come) Oh no! Look! It (snow) Mary (swim) at the moment after the bus He (want) Shh! The boss (come) your new hat (look) in in this country very fast where she keeps her files nice on you Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets: simple present or present continuous I (live) with my parents but right now I (stay) with some friends for a few days I can't talk on the phone now I (drive) Where are the children? They (lie) home on the beach over there He (not understand) what you (talk) How much your suitcase (weigh) Normally I (start) now ? It (look) really heavy work at eight o'clock but I (start) What's that smell? Something (burn) I (work) about He's foreign in the kitchen overtime this month because I (save up) He (smoke) down at this week We are busy just to buy a car thirty cigarettes a day but at the moment he (try) 10 We usually (read) books, (listen) very hard to cut to music or (watch) TV Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets: simple present or present continuous What (do) now? He (water) flowers in the garden At the moment, my sisters (play) It is 9.00; my family (watch) volleyball and my brother (play) TV In the summer, I usually (go) Tet Holiday; I (be) Her favourite subject (be) soccer to the park with my friends, and in the spring, we (have) happy because I always (visit) English Keep silent! I (listen) my grandparents to the radio Every morning, I (watch) TV at 10.00, but today I (listen) At the moment, I (read) a book and my brother (watch) 10 They usually (get up) at 6.00 in the morning to music at 10.00 TV Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets: past simple or present perfect I (receive) a letter just a few minutes ago They (live) in London since 1980 Linda is working in this department She (work) Up to present, John (do) here for two years good work in the class (they/ put) their book on my desk last night? He (study) English at this school for six weeks up to now Nobody lives in those houses They (be) Cindy is in her office She (be) My sister (come) empty for many years there since o’clock to see me last night 10 My friend George is learning Japanese He (learn) it for six months Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: past simple or present perfect 10 The dishes are washed in the evening Exercise The watch was bought at the shop (by her) The house was built in 1950 The exercises were done last week The letters were sent by the pupils the day before yesterday The lesson was learned (by him) two weeks ago Kieu story was written by Nguyen Du The cake was made by her last night The dishes were washed by Daisy last night Exercise Cell phones are used by a lot of people We haven’t been taught by Miss Diep since the last semester Our English lessons are taught by Mr Vinh That experiment is being done by a student We are given a free period by our teachers this Saturday to prepare the festival Was this dictionary bought two weeks ago? Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day I am not impressed by Alan’s knowledge about science and technology All of us are driven to school by her father every day 10 A new school is going to be built here next year Exercise Jack opened the store in 1932 Have you been told about it yet? He was accused of stealing the money A bridge is going to be built over my house Many buildings were built to commemorate Uncle Ho’ birthday We shall be asked several questions The rules of the games must be observed carefully A new stadium was being built when I arrived People sell newspapers everywhere in the city 10 Were those vegetables bought by the woman? Exercise I used to stay up late to watch football matches There used to be some trees in the field Anna used to live with her parents He used to be a poor man, but now he becomes a rich businessman 341 They didn’t use to go to the cinema every Sunday In the past my hair used to be shorter I used to have time to collect stamps when I was in primary school Did you use to go to the beach when you lived in Nha Trang? Mr Hung used to go to work by motorbike, but now he goes to work by bus 10 There used to be traffic jams in this street during rush hours, but now the street becomes wider Exercise Viet Nam’s anthem Tien Quan Ca was composed by Van Cao If you are not careful, you’ll hurt yourself How much is the bicycle?/ How much does the bicycle cost? There are not any carrots in the market No one in the school plays the guitar better than you (do) Exercise 10 In spite of being a poor student, Tom studied very well Because of being sick, Mary couldn’t go to school Despite the bad weather, she went to school on time In spite of my sickness, my mother told me to go to school Because of a big storm, I stayed at home Despite Tom’s bad grades, he was admitted to the university Despite her physical handicap, she has become a successful woman Although Tom got a good salary, he gave up his job In spite of having not finished the paper, he went to sleep 10 Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies Exercise 11 Solar panels will be installed on the roof of our house next week A new school will be built for poor children next month Will cracks on the water popes be checked in two days (by the plumber)? These chemicals are sold everywhere in my hometown The film on types of future energy sources won’t be shown next Friday The new president will be interviewed on TV The old thermal power plant will be destroyed at the end of this year The road to our village will be widened next year Biogas will be used for cooking and heating at this time next month 10 The first prize was gotten at the competition Exercise 12 More regulations will be made to reduce industrial pollution by governments Fossil fuels won’t be burnt for energy in the future More wind turbines will be constructed in that area to produce electricity 342 Will our electricity bills be reduced to 20% in five months? Alternative sources of energy will be developed Electricity will be being provided at this time next year Solutions will be found to reduce pollution in our city by scientists The tax on petrol will be increased to 15% next September With that device the wave energy will be changed into electricity 10 Ordinary 100- watt light bulls will be replaced with energy-saving ones Exercise 13 Renewable energy will be used in the future This school is ours How far is it from Vinh to Hanoi city? I used to walk to school when I was a student In spite of being short, they still love playing sports Solar energy will be used to protect the environment In spite of eating lots of food, she is still very slim How far is it from Hanoi to HCM city? I am interested in English 10 They will fix our roof tomorrow Exercise 14 There are a lot of tables in the café There is much information in the theatre programmes There are more than thirty theatres in London There is a swimming pool in the garden There are both private and state schools in the system It took me months to accomplish this task Sorting out her stamps took Jane hours a week The pictures will take minutes to reach the earth It took her 30 minutes to write the letter 10 It took him hours to finish his essay Exercise 15 Shanghai has more skyscrapers than Jakarta You didn’t remember to turn off the T.V last night, did you? The countryside suffers less pollution than the city Why don’t you go to work by bike? Tokyo has fewer billionaires than New York More trees will be planted along this street Overpopulation causes a lot of social problems in this area, doesn’t it? Pollution is the most serious problem, isn’t it? Did a group of foreigners visit the slums last week? 343 10 Mr Lam used to live in the country when he was a child 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 ... What's that smell? Something (burn) I (work) about He's foreign in the kitchen overtime this month because I (save up) He (smoke) down at this week We are busy just to buy a car thirty cigarettes... than anyone else in the company B more bigger The Boeing 74 7 is twice A bigger than D as high than C bigger D the bigger the Boeing 70 7 B as bigger as C as big as “Do you know that beautiful... (stand) at the Hoffman Hotel Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids Nancy: Don't worry, they (be) be fine Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) on a tropical