Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học:bảo vệ và phát triển sáng tạo chủ nghĩa Mác -Lê nin, tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh trong tình hình mới docx

BAO VE VA PHAT TRIEN SANG TAO CHU NGHIA MAC - LENIN, Tir Tir^G HO CHi MINH TRQNG TJNH HJNH M^ GS TRAN NHAM I Ngay nay, nhieu ddng m mdng, nhieu ®qiian diim sft trft nhfti danh la dfti chft, dugc tmyen ba qua cac bft viet, bft ndi hoac cdng khft, hoac bi mft, phft tan rdng rai khip noi. Thftn chi, hg cdn qua mang Intemet de tuyen tmyen cho nhiing lufti diem chdng chft nghla Mac - Lenin va m mdng Hd Chi Minh. Hp hang bft lam mdt cupc dao ldn tiing den, lft ngugc phft tift, xet Ift cac lufti diem CO ban cua chft nghTa Mac - Lenin va m mdng Hd Chi Minh tft diem xuat phft den muc dieh cudi cftng cua nd. Thye chft dd la mdt cudc dau tianh quyet liet, dai dftig gifta hft he m mdng, hai lap tmdng chinh trj va hai ly mdng ddi lap nhau. Tfti cdng vao chft nghTa Mac - Lenin va m mdng Hd Chi Minh la tin cdng vao nen tftig tu mdng efta Dang Cdng sfti, gdc re efta chft nghTa xa hdi; la tfti cdng vao the gidi quan, eo sd khoa hpc efta dudng ldi ehinh tri efta Dang, ciing cd nghTa la tin cdng va xda bd nhftng thanh qua each mang ma nhfti dfti ta da dat dugc dudi sy lanh dao efta Dang trong 80 nam qua. Dftng trade sy tin cdng dft vd tmh hay cd y efta nhiing ngudi chdng Ift chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, m mdng Hd Chi Minh, cdng tic m mdng, ly lufti efta chiing ta cd phfti bj ddng, ne tianh, khdng cdng khai phfti bae, lam cho hp "dugc dang chfti, Ifti dftig diu". Mft khac, cdng tic ly lufti efta ta ciing chua nhfti rd tinh hudng cd vfti di ciia viec nhfti thftc va vfti dvmg chft nghTa Mac - Lenin va ta mdng Hd Chi Minh, budc chftng ta phft danh gia va Iftn rd. Cfti thay rd tinh hudng cd vfti de ay ehinh la cudc khftng hoftig ve nhfti thftc ly lufti ddi vdi chft nghTa Mac - Lenin. Le ra, cdng tie ly lufti phft khach quan dftih gia lai ve nhiing gia trj dich thye, can ban, cd tinh djnh hudng, chi dudng efta chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, nhihig tri thftc mdi efta thdi dft cfti tiep tuc bd sung, lam phong phft them hgc thuyet Mac - Lenin, dft sftc gift dap cac vfti de co ban, cap bach do cudc sdng dft ra; ve nhiing nhfti thftc phien dien, sai lftn ve chft nghTa Mac - Lenin da gay ra nhiing hau qua ed hft ve ly lufti va trong hoft ddng thye tien; ve mdt sd vfti de efta ly lufti Mac - Lenin khdng cdn phft hgp va bft cap vdi giai doan hien nay, la lye can ddi vdi m duy mdi tiep tuc phft trien chft nghTa Mac - Lenin. Trade tinh hinh dd, cdng tie ly lufti phft dugc djnh hudng di vao nghien cftu nhiing Hnh vyc chuyen sau, lam rd nhiing vfti de cip bach va co ban sau: Mdt Id, nhanh chdng tiep cfti vdi nhftng ly lufti, phuong phap lufti hien dft efta chft nghTa Mac - Lenin va dua nd len tim cao mdi. Tdng ket va khai quft dugc nhung budc tiin bd va thay ddi trong ty nhien, xa hpi va tu duy efta nen van minh nhan loft da dugc tich luy cho din nay. Khoa hgc Mac - Lenin can lam rd mau sd chung dang 48 LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 8-2010 phft trien trong tri thftc efta nhan loft va trd thanh chft thi efta miu sd chung ay. Cfti nhan rd, tren mft bing mdi efta tri thftc, nhftng khac biet khdng thi vugt qua giua cic loft quan diim, tradng phai, khoa hpc Mic - Lenin cfti xay dvmg he thdng efta minh thdng qua su tranh lufti, cp xft thudng xuyen theo tinh thin khoa hpc vol tit ca cac trudng phai khoa hpc va phan khoa bpc. Tuyet ddi hda mft ddi lap ve he tu tudng ma khdng tinh den nhan td hgp ly cin ke thfta trong tri thftc khoa hgc efta nhan loft, tftc la xa rdi tinh thfti bien chftng efta chft nghTa Mic - Lenin, hau qua la sy chftn phft trien efta ehinh ban thfti minh. Hai la, cdng tic ly luan khdng the bd qua thye te la trong giai doan hien nay, khoa hgc Mac - Lenin cfti nhanh chdng tham nhap vao tft ca cac Hnh vuc tri thftc efta nhan loft, trd thanh hat nhfti efta cac bd mdn khoa hgc xa hgl va nhfti van. Chi cd nhu vay, khoa hgc Mac - Lenin mdi tiip nhfti dugc nhiing sy phft trien mdi va tim ra nhiing khai quft chung nhit vi sy phft trien efta tu nhien, xa hgl va tu duy. De lam dugc dieu dd, ban than khoa hpc Mac - Lenin phft dugc bd sung va phft triin, vuon len tftn cao efta tri tue, xftng dang gift vai trd the gidi quan va phuong phap lufti efta cac bp mdn khoa hpc khac. Yeu cau dd vugt qua kha nang tri tue efta nhung ca nhan rieng le. 0 day, tri tue tap thi cd tim quan ti-png die biet. Cac chuang trinh khoa hpc va cdng nghe cap nha nudc nghien cftu mpt cich tdng hgp vdi sy tham gia efta nhieu nganh khoa bpc, nhiiu chuyen gia gidi thupc nhieu ITnh vue khac nhau, cho phep tap hgp dugc tinh hoa tri tue di eftng gift quyet cac van de ly lufti va thye tiin cip bach va lau dai efta dft nudc. Ba la, trong khi hpc tap, nghien cftu va vfti dung sang tao chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, cin nim vung moi quan he bien chung giua ly lufti va phuang phap efta chinh ban thfti bpc thuyit ay. Phuong phap bien chiing la spi chi dd xuyen sudt toan bp hpc thuyet Mac - Lenin vdi m each la mdt chinh the thdng nhft khdng the chia eft. Nd la Hnh bdn sdng toft len tft mdi bd pbfti, mdi nguyen ly, mdi lufti diem ma d dd tft ca deu the bien nguyen tie thdng nhft gifta ly lufti va thuc tien. Chinh vi the, de bleu dftng chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, dieu quan trpng nhft la phft bleu sau, nam chae phuong phap bien chimg va nang lyc xft ly vfti de do cudc sdng dft ra. Nhu the thi dft cho timg lufti diim cy tbi efta chft ngbia Mac - Lenin cd the bj lac bau so vdi thuc tien do dieu kien Ijch sft cu the da vugt qua, nhung tinh thfti bien chftng efta nd thi vfti sdng mai vdi thdi gian. Nhan manh phuang phap bien chftng duy vft khdng cd nghTa la tft dd cho ring trong chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, cii cdn ed gia trj ehi la phuang phap, cdn ly luan vi bpc thuyet thi da loi thdi. Hieu nhu thi khdng dftng! Thft ra, trong chu nghia Mac - Lenin, phuong phap va ly lufti bao gid ciing thdng nhft vdi nhau, gin ket chft che khdng the tach rdi, bdi khdng the nao nghien cftu va vfti dung sang tao ly luan, hpc thuyet efta chft nghla Mac - Lenin ma lft khdng nam vftng phuang phap bien chftng efta nd. Phuong phap the hien va xuyen sudt trong hpc thuyet la linh bon sdng efta ly lufti, cdn ly lufti la san pham tat yeu efta sy van dung phuong phap vao thuc tien. Chft nghTa Mac - Lenin ludn ludn la hpc thuyet md va khdng ngftng phft triin chinh la nhd sy thdng nhft bien chftng, su gin bd hiiu co giua phuang phap va ly lufti. Chinh vl vay, nd mdi xftng dang gift vai trd nen tang tu tudng va kim ehi nam cho hanh ddng efta cac dang cdng san. LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 8-2010 49 Bdn la, cdng tie ly luan .cin dft ra nhiem vu vfta CO ban, vfta cap bach la vin di bao ve va phft trien chft nghTa Mac - Lenin. Bao ve la gift vung nhiing nguyen ly, nhiing quan diem co ban dftng dan va ed y nghTa phd bien efta ehu nghTa Mac - Lenin. Phit trien la phft huy, di sau sang tao tren CO sd ket hgp vdi nhihig dieu kien mdi, van de mdi, nhiem vu mdi phft sinh. Cd bao ve mdi lam cho chft nghTa Mac - Lenin cftng cd, gift vihig dugc tran dja va phft huy dugc anh hudng. Cd phft trien mdi lam cho chft nghTa Mac - Lenin thich ftng vdi mgi hoan canh Ijch sft cu the, cd sftc sdng ddi dao va khdng ngimg sang tao, ludn ludn dftng vung tren myen dau efta thdi dft. Chft nghia Mac - Lenin tdn tft qua the ky XIX, rdi trai qua the ky XX va nay lft di vao the ky XXI, vugt qua bao nhieu bao tap, chiing td sftc sdng va su thien bien van hda efta nd rft ky dieu, dya tren sy thdng nhft gifta bao ve va phft trien. Viec bao ve va phft trien chft nghTa Mac - Lenin trong dieu kien Ijch sft mdi efta the ky XXI vfta cd thufti lpi, vfta cd nhiing khd khan thach thftc va trach nhiem nftig ne. Thufti lpi ldn nhft la chft nghTa Mac - Lenin da tich luy dugc nhieu kinh nghiem Ijch sft thanh cdng cung nhu thft bft efta nhihig the ky ma nd da trft qua 160 nftn, nhft la sau cudc khftng hoftig va thoai trao vao cudi the ky XX, chft nghTa Mac - Lenin bft dau hdi phuc, Ift phft sang va thftig hoa khi budc vao thi ky XXI. Vao thdi diim giao thoa gifta hai the ky, lft xuit bien ly lufti ddi mdi va cft each d pbfti cdn lft efta the gidi xa bgi chft nghTa, die biet la Viet Nam va Trang Qudc. Dd la sy thi bien cd sftc thuyet phuc nhft efta viec bao ve va phat trien chft nghTa Mac - Lenin trong dieu kien ljch sft mdi. Dd cung la sy chuin bj hanh tiang quan trgng nhft vi be tu mdng de chft nghTa xa hdi budc vao thien nien ky mdi va tiep tuc tiin len. ' • Mft khac, sy syp dd va tan ra efta Lien Xd va cac nudc xa bgi chft nghTa Ddng Au vao cuoi thi ky XX vin cdn dgng lai trong ky ftc efta mpi ngudi tren hanh tinh, dd la sy bang hoang va tdn thuang, sy mft mat ve tinh cftn efta loft ngudi ddi vdi chft nghTa Mac - Lenin va chft nghTa xa hdi, se edn lau nfta mdi trd lft binh thudng. Lft them cac chinh khach, cac nha chien luge phuong Tay, cac hgc gia m sfti, ke ca nhihig ngudi cdng sfti dao dgng va hoft nghi, se cdn tiep tyc lpi dvmg sy kien ljch sft chfti ddng nay de lam mdt cudc dao ldn trftig den, lft ngugc phft trft; se cdn lpi dvmg uu the hang dau ve vft chft cua mdt sd nudc phft trien de ra sftc khoe khoang, khoac lac, va tiep tuc lpi dvmg quan niem dfti chft, nhfti quyen, tdn giao, quan niem gia trj, ldi sdng budng tha, eye doan efta phuong Tay de tha ho chi trich va thach thftc chft nghTa Mac - Lenin va chft nghTa xa hdi. Tien trinh ljch sft dai lau efta the ky XXI dang d phia trade, edn phai trft qua nhihig chftig dudng day bien ddng, khd ludng; nhihig vfti de xa bdi phftc tap tren pham vl toan cau; khdng it nhiing am muu, boat ddng efta cac the lye thft dieh se tang len. Tinh binh dd bude chft nghTa Mac - Lenin vi chft nghia xa hdi phft chufti bj m tudng, ly luan de ddn nhfti nhung thach thftc mdi, Idn ban, va tim each khac phuc de vugt qua. Cdng tie tu tudng, ly luan phft de ra nhiem vu giuong cao ngpn co ddi mdi xdy dung chii nghTa xd hpi ndm bdt thdi co, tan dung cde diiu kiin cd lpi vuon lin gidi quyit nhitng vdn di cdp bdch cua thi ky mdi xftng dang vai trd tien phong tren con dudng van dftn ma thdi dft dft ra cho chft nghia Mac - Lenin phai xft ly. , 50 LY LUAN CHiNH TRj 8-2010 Cdng tic ly lufti phft lam cho toan Dftig, toan dan cd tim nhin thdng thoing, rdng md, khdng qua cau ne va cd thai do eye doan ddi vdi nhiing sai lim va sy sup dd efta Lien Xd va Ddng Au, di tft dd phft nhfti hoan toan chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, chft nghia xa hdi, ddng thdi cung khdng vi bao ve chft nghTa Mac - Lenin ma bien nd thanh nhiing giao dieu xo cftng, coi nhe yeu cau ddi mdi va phft trien. Con dudng van dftn, nhung budc di tbi mdi bft dau. Cdng tie tu tudng, cdng tac 1^ luan phft dua nhiem vu bao ve va phft trien chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vao chuong trinh nghj sy efta minh. Ddng thdi, gap rftt dao tao mdt ddi ngu can bd vfta tinh thdng chft nghTa Mac - Lenin, vfta hieu biet va nam vihig kien thftc ve phft trien kinh te - xa hdi va khoa hpc - cdng nghe hien dft, nam bat tinh binh the gidl duong dft de dftn duong sy nghiep ki thfta, bao ve, phft trien chft nghTa Mae - Lenin. Day la mdt chien luge lau dai, la sy nghiep ldn lao ed lien quan den tien do efta nude ta, efta ca dfti tdc va toan the loai ngudi tien bd trong thi ky XXL 2 Budc vao the ky XXI, di bao dftn • phft trien nhanh va ben viing, bien nudc ta co ban thanh mdt nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai vao nftn 2020, Dang ta cfti djnh budng rd chien luge phft trien dft nudc, trong dd chiin lupc cdng tdc ly ludn gift mdt vj tri quan trgng. Trong djnh hudng dd, phft dft chiin luge cdng tie ly luan la mdt bp phfti efta chiin luge phft triin con ngudi - chiin luge phft triin hudng vi nhfti dan - len vj tri hang diu. Dft chiin luge cdng tie ly lufti trong chiin luge phft trien con ngudi khdng phft chi la phit triin timg mft nao dd, ma la phft triin toan dien ca tu tudng va van hda, ca dao dftc Va tai nang, ca tri lyc va the lyc, ca tu duy va tri tue, khdng chi efta timg con ngudi ma nhln xa ca the he hdm nay va cic the be mai sau. NghTa la, chftn Io phft trien, dao tao, bdi dudng sftc manh vft chft va sftc manh tu tudng, tinh thfti efta con ngudi, tao nen ngudn luc con ngudi hung hau cho dft nudc. Chien luge ay ddi bdi phai xac lap nhiing thiet che xa bdi sao cho sy giao due efta xa hpi, giao due efta nha tradng va giao dye efta gia dinh gan ket vdi nhau chft che, de tao ra mdt dpi ngu lao dpng cd chft lugng, dft phftn chft va tai nftig dap ftng yeu cau day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dft hda cho vft ba thap ky tdi cung nhu cho lau dai. Dft con ngudi vao vj tri trung tftn efta chien luge phft trien con ngudi chinh la lay con ngudi lftn tien de va dieu kien co ban efta chien luge cdng tie m mdng. Phft trien con ngudi la qua trinh ket hgp chft che gifta tftig tmdng kinh te vdi tien bd va cdng bang xa bgi, gift gin va phft buy ban sac van hda dfti tdc. Tu mdng - vfti hda dugc xem nhu diem tya viing chae cua chien luge cdng tie m mdng - chien luge phat trien eon ngudi. Chien luge ay phft tinh den cdi ngudn va cac gia trj nen mdng efta m mdng - van hda xa bdi bang each lam giau, gift gin va phft huy m mdng tmyen thdng va bfti sac van hda dan tdc. Chinh dd la nen mdng phft trien sftc manh tinh thfti efta con ngudi, ddn bay ciia sy bien ddi giftp con ngudi ty gift phdng va phft huy tiem nftig sang tao efta mlnb, tao lap nen cic mdi quan he tdt dep gifta con ngudi vdi con ngudi. Day cdn la sy gift phdng m duy, gift phdng tri me, gift phdng nhan each ra khdi sy cftn tft efta chft nghia giao dieu va chft nghia quan Heu, cua sy ap dat m tudng va dgc quyen chfti Iy, ciia tinh LY LUAN CHiNH TRj 8-2010 51 tiang dfti chft hinh thftc va chinh trj hda cac hoft dgng ciia ddi sdng van hda - tinh thin xa hgl. Lam chft ve van hda - m mdng la mdt budc dot phi ve gift phdng ca nhfti, tdn tipng va khang djnh ca nhfti nhu mdt chft thi mang nhfti each ddc lap sang tao. Nd ddi hdi mpi ngudi phft cd m duy phe phan, xda bd m duy tri tre, bae nbuge khdng mudn thft thach tiong bleu biet, kham phi, sang tao. Khdng ed mdt chien luge phft trien nao, ke ca chien luge cdng tie ly lufti, lft khdng tinh den cdi ngudn van hda xa hdi, lft khdng xem xet den nhiing he gia trj, thft dp, tin nguong, tap qufti ciing nhu toan bd nen mdng efta ITnh vyc tinh thfti. Dieu dd chftng td d dau cd yeu eau phft trien tbi a dd cd yeu cau van hda - tu tudng. La muc tieu, van hda - m tudng la eft dich nhftn hudng tdi efta phft trien, hudng tdi con ngudi - tmng tam efta sy phft trien; khdng cd vfti hda - m tudng tbi khdng cd phft trien. Khdng cd van hda - tu tudng chung chung, van hda - tu tudng tach khdi con ngudi. Van hda - m mdng lay eon ngudi lftn trung tftn, van hda - tu tudng vl su phft trien efta con ngudi. Chien luge cdng tie ly lufti va chien luge eon ngudi thdng nhft vdi nhau nhim xay dung mdt xa hpi cd van hda cao theo djnh hudng xa hpi chft ngbia. Tren y nghTa ay thi viee xay dvmg eon ngudi, phft trien van hda - m tudng phft gin ket vdi phft trien kinh te - xa bdi. Trong cac banh trang ma Dang va nhfti dan phft chuin bj budc vao thi ky XXI, tbi vin di con ngudi, vfti de tao ra ngudn luc con ngudi, vfti de phft trien nang lyc ndi sinh vi van hda - tu tudng la nhiing hanh trang cd y nghia nen mdng, ddi bdi Dftig phai ed chiin luge tft ngay hdm qua cho din hdm nay di chuan bj su phft trien cho ngay mai - cho ca the ky XXI. Dong thdi, tren pham vl toan ciu, chftng ta chihig kiin mdt budc phft tiien giao thdi efta ljch sft the gidi - budc qua do tft nen van minh cdng nghiep sang nen van minh tri me. Vi van hda thi dd la bude qua do tft mdt nen van minh cdng nghiep sang mgt nin van minh tri me, mgt nen vfti minh phft trien ben virng ma d day con ngudi ludn ludn gift vj tri trung tftn. Chien luge nay phft bang mgi each phft huy ngudn lyc con ngudi, tao ra ngudn lyc van hda - tu tudng ndi sinh de dua den mdt budc nhay mdi cd the thieh nghi vdi nhihig chuyen dpng tang tdc, ddn dap dang va se dien ra trong nhiing thap nien tdi. Nhihig chuyen ddng nay dugc thftc diy bdi nhiiu ngudn lyc, nhung trong dd cd hai ngudn luc quan trgng, dd la ngudn luc van hda - m tudng ndi sinh va ngudn lyc efta each mang khoa hgc va cdng nghe hien dft. Hal ngudn lyc nay se tao ra sftc manh efta sy phft trien vugt bae de dft nude ta cd thi timg budc qua dp tft mdt nen vfti minh cdng nghiep sang mpt nen van minh tri tue - mdt xa hpi thdng tin. Chien luge ay dugc xem nhu la nin tang tinh thfti efta xa hdi, la diem tya tinh thin tao ra niem tin cho con ngudi va ca xa hgl di vao hanh ddng thye te ma bft cft mdt chien luge nao, ke ca chien luge cdng tic m mdng efta Dftig phai xem dd la ngi dvmg co ban, la ddng gdp quan trgng de day tdi sy phit trien. Chien luge ay nhftn budng tdi phft huy mpi kha nang va tft tri sang tao efta toan Dang, toan dan, lam cho kinh ti phft triin, chinh trj dn djnh, xa hpi ddng thufti, dfti tpc dai doan ket, cac gia tri ty do - dan chft - cdng bing - binh dang dugc thye hien ngay cang tdt ban, dem lft cho mpi ngudi dfti cudc sdng hanh phftc vdi ddi song vft chit ngay cang tang, ddi sdng tinh thin ngay mpt tdt, xa hdi ngay cang van minh, tiin bd. 52 LY LUAN CHINH TRI 8 - 2010 . trudng phai khoa hpc va phan khoa bpc. Tuyet ddi hda mft ddi lap ve he tu tudng ma khdng tinh den nhan td hgp ly cin ke thfta trong tri thftc khoa hgc. Lenin, hau qua la sy chftn phft trien efta ehinh ban thfti minh. Hai la, cdng tic ly luan khdng the bd qua thye te la trong giai doan hien nay, khoa