THE ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 1 FROM THE BOOK “THE FOOD OF VIETNAM” BY LUKE NGUYEN, 2013

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER TRINH LE PHUONG THAO THE ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “THE FOOD OF VIETNAM” BY LUKE NGUYEN, 2013 Code : K22.701 Supervisor: TRAN THI NGOC TUYEN, M.A Danang, 2020 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER TRINH LE PHUONG THAO THE ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK “THE FOOD OF VIETNAM” BY LUKE NGUYEN, 2013 Code : K22.701 Supervisor: TRAN THI NGOC TUYEN, M.A Danang, 2020 Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A ACKNSOWLEDGEMENT  This thesis could not have been finished without the invaluable help, advice, and encouragement of my dear teachers, family and friends Firstly, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to my supervisor, M.A Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen who has enthusiastically guided and supported me on my graduation paper She heart instructed me the content and the plan of dissertation as well though she was really busy with teaching and guiding other students I am so fortunate to have a great supervisor who encouraged me so much to finish this thesis Secondly, I want to thanks to all teachers of at Duy Tan University for giving me a lot because they not only gave me guidance but also gave me the opportunity to make my graduation paper Thirdly, I want to thank to my best friends who always assist me, share my feelings and inspire me to overcome all difficulties during my dissertation Last but not least, I also deeply thank to my family for their support, encouragement and encentive while I was writing this paper I wish you all good health and success! Thanks again to everyone Yours sincerely! Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP  Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no document published Vietnamese edition of the book containing the translated chapter until I began working on my graduation paper No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been suggested for award of any degree or diploma in any other university Da Nang, April 2020 Thao Trinh Phuong Le Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A ABSTRACT  This paper is a suggest translation of chapter (P1-P30) of the book: “THE FOOD OF VIETNAM” by Luke Nguyen Besides, I also analyze some essential issue such as structure and vocabulary in this paper In addition, through this dissertation I can find out the difficulties that students meet when learning translation Therefore, I also list some proposal to support students in the translation time Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A ABBREVIATIONS  S: Subject V: Verb O: Object A: Adverb Ex: Example P1: Paragraph Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNSOWLEDGEMENT i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS .iv PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims and Objectives 2.1 Aims: .1 2.2 Objectives .1 Scope of the Study: 3.1 Text Features 3.2 Text Length: 3.3 Text Organization 3.4 Text Source: PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Definitions Of Translation 1.2 Types Of Categories 1.2.1 Word-for-word translation .4 1.2.2 Literal translation: 1.2.3 Faithful translation 1.2.4 Semantic Translation .5 1.2.5 Communicative translation .6 1.2.6 Idiomatic translation 1.2.7 Free Translation: Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A 1.2.8 Adaption 1.3 Principles translation: .7 1.3.1 Meaning .7 1.3.2 Form 1.3.3 Register 1.4 Style and Clarity 1.5 Idiom 1.6 Context in translating: CHAPTER II: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 10 CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS .38 3.1 Vocabulary .38 3.1.2 Specific words or terms with food 38 3.1.3 Word with multiple meaning 39 3.1.4 Phrasal verb 42 3.2 Structure 43 3.2.1 Passive Voice sentence 43 3.2.2 Compound sentence: 45 3.2.3 Complex sentence 45 3.2.4 Complex sentence with adverbial clause 46 3.2.4.1 Adverbial clause of condition 46 3.2.4.2 Adverbial clause of time 46 3.2.5 Complex Sentences 47 3.2.5.1 Complex Sentences with Noun clause 47 3.2.5.2 Complex Sentences with Relative Clauses .47 3.2.6 Sentence with extraposed subject 49 3.2.7 Compound- complex sentence .49 CHAPTER IV: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 51 Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A 4.1 Difficulties 51 4.2 Solution 52 PART C: CONCLUSION 53 Conclusion 53 Suggestion 53 REFERENCES 55 Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale Food is an essential part of our lives It provides us energy and nutrients to grow, to be healthy, active and so on Besides it is also a central part of our culture and life Vietnam food culture is formed in the natural lifestyle It is not just a feature of material culture, but also a spiritual feature Through the features of cuisine, people’s qualification and dignities, etiquettes and customs in food will be reflected.Vietnamese food also expresses the mental life of Vietnamese people I am always interested in Vietnam cuisine Many people who love reading and wanting to research in the daily life, it is not difficult for them to find their favorite book through libraries So I decided to translate the book “The food of Vietnam” by Luke Nguyen to help people who are interested to have more choices I hope that with all of my knowledge and skills that I have can make a complete translation and gain high evaluation as well Aims and Objectives 2.1 Aims: - To provide some information about Food of Vietnam and how to make some the Vietnam dishes - To provide difficult phrase, sentence structures to avoid misleading for readers 2.2 Objectives After translating graduation paper, I reached the following purposes: - To improve translation skill - To plan some ways to cook Vietnam food - To expand knowledge Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 43 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A 3.2 Structure Sentence structure is the way a sentence is arranged, grammatically And it is a ground to form a sentence in a language When translating documents, structure plays an important role in the meaning of a sentence Some structures have any existence in Vietnamese, and it requires that translators must master grammar structures in the source language to transfer the meaning of text into target language successfully To understand meaning of the document, you must base on word and sentence Many words join sentences, and many sentences join a paragraph I am going to analyze some typical structures 3.2.1 Passive Voice sentence In some case it is difficult to translate smoothly passive sentence from English to Vietnamese The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by using a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle) S + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Ex 13: “Through all this, I was inspired to go to Vietnam” (P2) The passive Voice of this sentence : S + BE + V(ED) + O In the sentence, the verb “was inspired” in passive voice It will not be wrong if I translate it according to the passive structure as: “Trải qua tất cả, tơi có cảm hứng để Việt Nam” But I used active structure to make sentence more suitable with Vietnamese style Because Vietnamese people usually use active voice Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 44 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A So my suggested translation version is : “Trải qua tất cả, tơi có cảm hứng để Việt Nam.” Ex 14: “The stalls were passed on to them from their parents, and my parents then passed the stalls over to their siblings when they left Vietnam.” (P18) The structure of this passive voice sentence is: S+ BE + PAST PARTICIPLE In the sentence, the verb “were passed on” used in passive voice When translating into Vietnamese, we often use “đã sang nhượng” or “bị chuyển nhượng” My suggested translation version: “Các quầy hàng truyền từ đời ông bà sang ba mẹ tôi, sau ba mẹ định cư để lại cho anh em họ.” Ex 15: “Everything 'Vietnamese' I'd learnt as a child was passed on to me through the memories and knowledge of my parents, and the other families in my Vietnamese community.” In this sentence, it will not be wrong if I translate the sentence according to the passive construction Because in Vietnamese style, we often use “bị” or “được” to express passive meaning; and I suppose to leave out “được” to make sentence more suitable with Vietnamese style My offered translation version as: “Tất Tiếng Việt học cịn bé thơng qua kí ức vốn hiểu biết ba mẹ tôi, số gia đình khác cộng đồng người Việt.” 3.2.2 Compound sentence: Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 45 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by one of types:  A comma and a coordinator (FAN BOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet so)  A semicolon  A semicolon, a conjunctive adverbs and a comma Each of clauses is important and could stand alone Ex 16: ‘We focus conversation on food, family and neighbourhood gossip and life feels a little less complicated for a moment’ (P20) There are two independent clauses in this compound sentence They are connected by a coordinator “and” ‘We focus conversation on food, family and neighbourhood gossip S V O A The first independent clause ‘Life feels a little less complicated for a moment.’ S V C A The second independent clause  And the form of the sentence is: Independent Clause + Coordinator + Independent Clause The whole sentence will be translated as: “Trọng điểm trị chuyện chúng tơi ẩm thực, gia đình, lời tiếng vào xóm cảm thấy sống lúc bớt phức tạp đôi chút.” 3.2.3 Complex sentence A complex sentence is made up of one independent clause (can stand alone) with at least one dependent clause (cannot stand alone-begins with subordinating conjunctions) For all we know, a complex sentence Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 46 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or relative pronoun such as that, who, or which 3.2.4 Complex sentence with adverbial clause An adverb clause acts like an adverb; that is, it tells where, when, why, and how An adverb clause begins with a subordinator, such as when, while, because, although, if, so, or that It can come before or after an independent clause 3.2.4.1 Adverbial clause of condition Ex 17: “If green papaya is left to ripen, it simply becomes a papaya fruit.”(P24) This complex sentence has two clauses They are joined by subordinator “if”, so it is also an adverbial clause of condition We can analyze it as follow: “If green papaya is left to ripen, it/simply becomes/ a papaya fruit.”” S Dependent clause V Cs Independent clause Adverbial clause of condition Suggested version: “Nếu đu đủ xanh chín mùi, loại trái để ăn.” 3.2.4.2 Adverbial clause of time Ex 18: “When you are nearly ready to cook, soak the skewers in water for 20 minutes to prevent scorching.” (P29) This is a complex sentence with one dependent clauses and one independent clause We see this dependent clause begins with “when”, so it is also an adverbial clause of time We can analyze it: “when you are nearly ready to cook” Dependent clause Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Adverbial clause of condition Code: Graduation Paper 47 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A “soak/the skewers / in water for 20 minutes to prevent scorching” [S] V O A(opt) Independent clause My suggested version is : “Khi bạn gần chuẩn bị nấu, ngâm xiên nước 20 phút để không bị cháy xén” 3.2.5 Complex Sentences 3.2.5.1 Complex Sentences with Noun clause Noun clause is one of difficult part in English grammar It often makes us get the wrong idea of the sentence if we wrongly define the noun clause as well as its function When translating this book, I really got a lot of difficulties in the transferring process, and translating requires to becareful in analysing Ex 19: ‘As I approach her cart, she asks if I want to eat in or take away.’(P15) In this sentence, the noun clause “if I want to eat in or take away” work as an object modifying the verb “asks” My proposed version is: “Khi đến gần xe bà ấy, bà hỏi muốn ăn hay mang về.” 3.2.5.2 Complex Sentences with Relative Clauses A relative clause, also called an adjective clause, modifies a noun A relative clause can modify any noun in the sentence: a subject, an objective of a preposition A relative clause begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why) Sometimes the pronoun can be omitted However, sometimes commas are required Ex 20: “Mudfish if a species of fish that lives and thrives in mud or muddy waters” (P26) Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 48 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A In this sentence, “that lives and thrives in mud or muddy waters” is a relative clause modifying the word “fish” It also a dependent clause (subordinate clause) “Mudfish is a species of fish” is an independent clause (main clause) This is a complex sentence with the structure of relative clause We can analyze it as follow: “Mudfish is a species of fish S V O Independent clause that lives and thrives in mud or muddy waters.” Adjective clause (relative) My suggested translation: “Cá lóc loại cá sống lớn nhanh bùn vũng lầy.” Ex 21: “In this book, I begin my culinary discovery in southern Vietnam, where I trace my extended family” (P4) In this sentence, “where I trace my extended family” is a relative clause modifying the word “southern Vietnam” It also a dependent clause (subordinate clause) “In this book, I begin my culinary discovery in southern Vietnam” is an independent clause (main clause) The word “where” is a relative pronoun We can analyze it as follow: In this book, I begin my culinary discovery in southern Vietnam S V O A Independent clause “where I trace my extended family” Adjective clause (relative) Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 49 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A My suggested version is: “Ở sách này, bắt đầu khám phá ẩm thực miền Nam Việt Nam, nơi tơi tìm thấy đại gia đình mình.” 3.2.6 Sentence with extraposed subject When the clause’s subject is placed at the end of the sentence and the subject position is filled by anticipatory pronoun “IT’ Ex 22: “It is rude to address your elders with their name; you must only address them by the position they are in the family.” Form: It + be + adjective + to something “It is rude to address your elders with their name; you must only Sf V A Sr address them by the position they are in the family” In this sentence, the authors used extraposed subject to express his idea This form of sentence isn’t existed in Vietnamese, it’s difficult to translate it Besides, if we literally tranlate it, like “Nó bất lịch gọi người lớn tuổi tên họ”, the suggested sentence is very rough and unnatural So, I apply the free translation method to transfer the idea, then I have a suggested version as: “Nếu gọi ngang người lớn tuổi tên họ điều bất lịch sự, bạn nên gọi họ thứ tự gia đình.” 3.2.7 Compound- complex sentence Compound-complex sentences are the most complicated sentences and it has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause Ex 23: “The elderly lady selling has no teeth and a great big smile, so I was drawn to her” (P12) There are two independent clauses: “The elderly lady selling them” and “so I was drawn to her” One dependent clause is “has no teeth and a great big smile” This is a compound - complex sentence with two independent clauses, so after analysis, I decided to translate this sentence as following : “Một Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 50 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A người phụ nữ bán chúng với nụ cười lớn lộ hàm bị mất, bị cô lôi kéo” Ex 24: ‘Cau Ong Lanh is the 'real Saigon'; it feels as though nothing has changed for hundreds of years’ There are two independent clauses: “Cau Ong Lanh is the 'real Saigon'” and “it feels” One dependent clause is “as though nothing has changed for hundreds of years” This is a compound - complex sentence with two independent clauses, so after analysis, I decided to translate this sentence as following My suggested version: “Cầu Ông Lãnh “Sài Gịn thứ thiệt”, tạo cho tơi cảm giác chẳng có điều đổi thay dù hàng trăm năm trôi qua” Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 51 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A CHAPTER IV: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 4.1 Difficulties Translation is about transmitting intentions, feelings and implicit messages, within falling to respect the subtleties, idiosyncrasies and inherent beauty of a language Translators need to know the rules of a language, often, knowledge of a specific subject This thesis is a good opportunity for me to improve my abilities, master my skills and strengthen the knowledge of Vietnam Food Besides, I also reached more useful experience as well as keen about translating However, there are also a lot of difficulties I must meet to in doing my graduation paper Firstly, during the time I study at Duy Tan University, I learned some Food knowledge, I did not have enough ability to understand and translate several vocabulary and phrases in the book I spent much time looking up, reading on the social network, finding documents and using different dictionaries so that I could find a suitable and correct words (or multi-level words) Especially, specialized words are the most difficult to translate As a result, some propose versions are not natural as I thought Secondly, One of difficulties that I met is translation skill The time is limited so I still confront a lot of challenges in translating “The Food Of Vietnam” In the process of translating from English into Vietnamese, I have really encountered many difficulties between the two languages and cultures When translating the text from English to Vietnamese, I must take advantage of the dictionary to seek both English and Vietnamese words Besides, the differences in using words between English and Vietnamese languages also make me confused and take me a lot of time Thirdly, there are too much vocabularies and phrases of food field which I cannot look up in dictionaries in this document It makes me difficult to give Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 52 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A an exact meaning of a particular field Besides, some words have multiple meanings and the meaning of these words depends on the context Therefore, I can’t identify the suitable meaning Hence, it takes me a lot of time to analyze and to search for exact meanings As a result, my suggested version is also not smooth and natural Finally, information which comes from different sources on internet is very abundant, so some of them are not exact 4.2 Solution While doing all my graduation paper, although I have encountered a lot of very difficulties, I learned how to deal with it Now, I would like to share some useful solutions that supported me finish First of all, Firstly, I found and referred to some good thesis in the library and directions of my department to master the process and the way of doing graduation paper The second, I began to create a plan: how much time I had to complete the translation, how long I analyzed a word and a structure, etc Everyday, I divided my work into a lot of parts, each of which I attempted to finish as soon as possible The third, I read the whole magazine and consult the related documents to understand how to translate properly before translating Finally, whenever I did not understand any words, notion or structures, I often asked the advied, the suggestion of my supervisor – Ms.Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, who has guided me enthusiastically She often gave me the best translating version Sometimes I also consulted to idea of my friends Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 53 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A PART C: CONCLUSION Conclusion Being a student of the The Faculty of English with the major of English Translation and Interpretation at Duy Tan University I have been taught a lot of skills of English, such as speaking, listening, reading and writing, especially the skills of translation While I was working on this graduation paper, I realized I was lacked a lot many things In the time of working, I not only reached a lot of precious experience but also met with many difficulties These are many new words in this book which I cannot find out the suitable meaning with the context Because dictionaries have much equivalent meaning, I must search in Vietnamese food books and traditional food materials I spent a lot of time doing this work However, in that process, I had more knowledge about Vietnamese cuisine Especially, I could not finish my graduation paper smoothly without the help of a lot of people, especially Ms Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen - my supervisor, she has partially contributes to the success of the translated version Once again, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor who gave me an enthusiastic guidance in the period time I did my graduation paper as well as all of my teachers in The Faculty of English Suggestion After completing my graduation paper, I have some ideas for Duy Tan University in general and The Faculty of English in particular Firstly, The department should increase the allotted time of cusine translation for students to sharpen this skill Secondly, I think some major subjects such as Translation theory, Translation and 2, Syntax, Advances Grammar should be more related Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 54 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A because they are very indispensable to students during the time of doing the graduation paper Finally, I hope the curriculum of Duy Tan University will have a few subjects which are similar to PBL 496 (Project-Based Learning) so that students can practice many large projects This will support them have experiences and confidence before beginning an important project as the graduation paper Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 55 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A REFERENCES Book [1] Nguyen Manh Quang Translation Theory, Duy Tan UniversityDepartment of Foreign Languages (2016) [2]Peter Newmark (1988), “A textbook of translation”, Prentice-Hall International, New York Dictionaries Cambridge Dictionary Oxford Dictionary Tflat Dictionary VN Dictionary Lạc Việt Dictionary Internet    http://nevenjovanovic.github.io/newmark-on-translation/ http://qutranslation.weebly.com/principles-of-translation.html https://theculinarychronicles.com/2010/08/20/bun-th%e1%bb%8bt-n %c6%b0%e1%bb%9bng-vietnamese-grilled-pork-over-vermicelli-noodles/  https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Rice-Paper  https://www.wellpreserved.ca/chili-salt-updated-instructions-make/  http://www.thefruitrepublic.com/products/fruits/23-pink-pomelo Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 56 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS  COMMENTATOR’S COMMENT  Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: Graduation Paper 57 Supervisor: Tran Thi Ngoc Tuyen, M.A ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Student: Trinh Le Phuong Thao Code: ... subject Scope of the Study: This graduation paper belongs to chapter of the book ? ?THE FOOD OF VIETNAM” by Luke Nguyen, 2 013 I would like to put forward a suggested version from the scource language...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION PAPER TRINH LE PHUONG THAO THE ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER FROM THE BOOK ? ?THE FOOD OF VIETNAM”. .. Text Source: The text “A JOURNEY TO DISCOVER FOOD & HERITAGE” is in the book ? ?THE FOOD OF VIETNAM” The authors is Luke Nguyen First this book was published on Oct 2 013 by Hardie Grant Books in South