This graduation paper ells the process of formation and development of the world of Walt Disney, the process of operating the apparatus and the secret to serving customers in the book “ Be Our Guest” by Ted Kinni and Wendy Lefkon published by 2011. Due to a time constraint, I decided to translate chapters 1 of this book, and I created the recommended translation based on the theoretical basis and the original version. Furthermore, this translation process exposed me to a variety of tough vocabularies, including multimeaning terms, idioms, terminologies, and sophisticated structures, all of which are combined in the graduation paper. In addition, towards the conclusion of my graduation paper, I noticed certain obstacles and proposed some strategies for students to enhance their translation skills.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Today, the tourism industry is developing very strongly, especially in Da Nang The city is known as a tourist city here there are many destinations, amusement parks and the resorts and hotels with high standard Do you wonder why these luxury resorts and hotel keep customers coming back for the next time? This is why I found and read the book "BE OUR GUEST" Not only the cover is eye- catching, but the content also makes me unable to take my eyes off, so I chose this book to translate in my graduation paper.
The book is about the process of forming and establishing the Walt Disney world of today The book brings a fresh look at the operating process, the "Magic" concepts in the customer service process to understanding and meeting the needs of customers, which exceed their expectations.
Another thing that excites me equally is that customers come to Walt Disney as if they were in this world They no longer have worries about society, work or the problems of their children They were in the world they had been looking forward to seeing every episode of the cartoon which they had seen in their childhood.
Finally, it is my hope that the suggested translation will be interesting to Vietnamese readers interested in this book as well as provide them with an analysis of the proper translations and handling of phrases and structures.
Aims and Objectives
This paper is carried out for the following aims:
Applying the translation theory to translate a text
Demonstrating my ability in translating a document
Having skills to analyze tough points or something that is easy to make misunderstand
Understanding and overcoming the linguistic hurdles existing between the two countries
This paper is performed for the following objectives:
Translating text smoothly and naturally
Analyzing complicated words, phrases, structures, contexts, etc.
Breaking down the language barrier for Vietnamese readers who are interested in this topic
Providing some solutions to improve the translation skills
Scope of the Study
This graduation paper is about the book “BE OUR GUEST” , written by Ted Kinni, Wendy Lefkon However, within the scope of the paper and due to time limitations, this paper only focuses on chapter 1 It is translated from the original version and given the analysis of a suggested translation of the text
Moreover, the paper will also discuss and analyze the challenges with which I encountered during the translation process, such as words and phrases with multi- meaning, how to apply English grammar and syntactic structures as well as word semantics.
The book “Be Our Guest” is a work by Disney Book Publishing author Ted Kinni, Wendy Lefkon published in 2011 This book includes 6 chapters and it tells the formation and development of Walt Disney world Accompanied by stories about the operation process, the secrets in the journey to conquer customers, especially in the service industry.
As I mentioned above, there are 6 chapters with 149 pages in the book “Be
Our Guest” However, I have only translated chapters 1 with about 4,173 words in length due to the time limitation.
The book " Be Our Guest" is divided into 6 chapters and the text which was chosen belongs to chapters 1 Since the author did not identify specific names for each chapter, the content of chapter 1 is tell about the Disney’s approach to quality service, defining the practical magic in your bussiness, and some factor in the art of customer service.
The text comes from the book “Be Our Guest” , which is written by DisneyInstitute published in 2001 author Ted Kinni and Wendy Lefkon This book is available on the website https://www.reader2u.com/book/2057.html and is easily accessible for reading and reference.
Method of the Study
Using scanning and skimming skills to comprehend the primary content of the text
Reading each section of the text carefully to acquire key information
Discussing with my supervisor to figure out the best solution when I encountered difficulties
Analyzing sentences in terms of sentence elements and phrases in order to identify the type of sentence
Studying and analyzing the difficult words, and structures based on translation and grammar theories during the translation process
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation Theory
In the Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, translation is defined as “the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language”.
Meanwhile, Cambridge Dictionary mentions that translation means
"something that is translated, or the process of translating something, from one language to another".
According to the book " A Textbook of Translation" (Newmark, 1988:5), the process of translating a message from one language to another in the manner intended by the author is known as translation.
Moreover, Catford in “A Linguistic Theory of Translation” (1965:20) defines translation as the replacement of a textual material in one language (source language) with comparable textual material in another language (target language). Besides, the book " The Theory and Practice of Translation" (Nida & Taber, 1982:12) proposes that translating was the reproduction of the closest natural equivalent of a source language message in the receptor language, first in respect of meaning and secondly in respect of style.
In conclusion, the process of comprehending and attempting to grasp the meaning of a text in the source language (SL) and then translating it into the target language (TL) is called translation The translator plays a role of a bridge allowing one language, culture, or society to communicate with another.
There are several types of translation These types of categories can assist us in better comprehending and distinguishing between different translation methods.
We may avoid making mistakes when translating if we properly grasp the different forms of translation.
The categories of translation, according to Catford (1965:21-26), are divided in terms of extent, levels, and ranks Based on the extent, he classifies translation into full translation and partial translation In terms of levels, there are total translation and restricted translation, and translation is differentiated into rank- bound translation and unbounded translation on the ranks.
2.1.2.1 Full vs Partial Translation i Full Translation
In full translation, the entire text is sent to the translation process, which means that every component of the source language text is replaced by target language text material
The library became the pride of the local people as even researchers from India and other countries began to use it for their research purposes [9]
Thư viện đã trở thành niềm tự hào của người dân địa phương vì ngay cả các nhà nghiên cứu từ Ấn Độ và các nước khác đã bắt đầu sử dụng nó vì mục đích nghiên cứu của họ.
In this example, all the words are translated. ii Partial Translation
In partial translation, some elements of the source language text are left untranslated They are simply copied and pasted into the target language text
Dân đảo đang tất bật dọn dẹp nhà cửa, gói bánh chưng và bày biện mâm ngũ quả lên bàn thờ cúng tổ tiên [9]
Islanders are sprucing up their houses, making Banh Chung, and displaying trays of fruit on their ancestral altars.
In the above example, there still remains the word “Banh Chung” No equivalence of this word can be found in English since it belongs to the cultural term; consequently, it should be maintained when translated into English.
2.1.2.2 Total vs Restricted Translation i Total Translation
The total translation is defined as the replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology or graphology by non-equivalent TL phonology or graphology
The decline of the species was abrupt; in 1871, a breeding colony was estimated to contain over a hundred million birds, yet the last individual in the species was dead by 1914 [9]
Sự suy giảm của loài là đột ngột; vào năm 1871, một thuộc địa sinh sản được ước tính chứa hơn một trăm triệu con chim, nhưng cá thể cuối cùng trong loài đã chết vào năm 1914.
This form of translation looks to be quite straightforward to realize, especially in the example above; the translation versions can help readers grasp the text more easily for the content is completely obvious. ii Restricted Translation
Restricted translation means the replacement of SL textual material by equivalent TL textual material at only one level Maybe it is performed only at the phonological or graphological level, or at only one of the two levels of grammar and lexis
In this example, the word “u” cannot be transferred from Vietnamese into English for it is constrained by cultural meaning The word “u” is widely used by the Northern people in Vietnam to address their female parent; it may be understood as one way of calling mother or mom, with a distinctive feature of a specific dialect.
Phonological Translation : is a type of restricted translation
In phonological translation, SL phonology is replaced by equivalent TL phonology, but there are no other replacements except such grammatical or lexical changes as may result accidentally from phonological translation.
Examples: cassette → cát-sét guitar → ghi-ta
In phonological translation, sometimes changes in the grammar or lexis may result accidentally: e.g., an English plural, such as birds, may come out as apparently a singular bird in phonological translation into a language that has no final consonant clusters.
2.1.2.3 Rank-bound vs Unbounded Translation
Rank-bound translation means the selection of TL text equivalent is deliberately confined to one rank, such as word-for-word equivalence, morpheme- for-morpheme equivalence, etc.
In contrast, in unbounded translation, it can shift freely up and down the rank scale
It is raining cats and dogs [1]
Trời đang mưa mèo và chó (Rank-bound translation)
Trời đang mưa như trút nước (Unbounded translation)
In the above example, it is clear that rank-bound translation seems to be a
"bad" translation because of using TL equivalents that are not appropriate to their location in the TL text, and which are not justified by the interchangeability of SL and TL texts in the situation, while in unbounded translation, the TL text is interchangeable with the SL text and readers understand the text more easily.
Principles and Methods of Translation
In the translation process, it is critical for the translator to abide by all the principles of translation Alan Duff has provided some general principles that are believed to be applicable to all translations in his book " Translation" (1989:10-11).
The meaning of the original text should be faithfully reflected in the translation We should not add or remove anything at random; however, sometimes part of the meaning may be transposed The following questions will be quite beneficial.
Is the meaning of the original text clear? If not, where does the uncertainty lie?
Are any words loaded, that is, are there any underlying implications? (“Correct me if I’m wrong…” suggests “I know I’m right!”)
Is the dictionary meaning of a particular word the most suitable one?
Does anything in the translation sound unnatural or forced?
In the translation, translators must follow the order of words and ideas in order to guarantee that the translation is the closest and most appropriate equivalent in
However, due to the various linguistic structures, translators frequently need to adjust the format and order of the words.
The level of formality in a given context leads to some great differences in languages As a result, the translator must pay must attention to the way the writer or speaker sets the tone in order to distinguish between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions
Idiomatic expressions - including similes, metaphors, proverbs, sayings, jargon, slang, colloquialisms, and phrasal verbs - are notoriously difficult to translate Unless expressions can be directly translated, try any of the following:
Maintaining the original word, in inverted commas
Preserving the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets
Using a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation
However, the most important thing is that if the idiom does not work in the target language; do not force it into the translation.
Translators need to retain the original style However, if there are errors or monotonous repetitions that have no implications in the text, the translator can correct the flaws for the benefit of the readers.
There is a large number of translations that do not sound natural This is because the original text has a strong impact on how translators think and choose words An effective approach to eliminate the influence of the source language is to set the text aside and then translate just a few sentences aloud from memory This will suggest a natural thinking pattern in the first language that may not come to mind when looking at the SL text
Peter Newmark mentions in the book " A Textbook of Translation" (1988:45-47) that there are eight methods of translation.
Word-for-word translation is often illustrated as interlinear translation, with the TL immediately below the SL words The SL word order is retained and the words are translated individually by their most prevalent meanings that do not depend on the context Cultural words are translated literally The TL in the translation is closest to the SL among the eight translation methods maintaining numerous characteristics of the SL and is, of course, unfamiliar to the TL, even making readers difficult to understand Word-for-word translation is often used in the pre-translation process
I want to toilet kiss you
Anh muốn cầu hôn em.
In the above example, the sentence is translated from SL to TL while maintaining the word order and meaning regardless of the context.
This type of translation is also referred to as a pre-translation process The SL grammatical structures are transformed to their closest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated separately, out of context
Lá cờ đỏ trắng đang bay trong gió
A red and white flag was flying in the wind.
In the above example, it can be seen that this translation is similar to the word- for-word translation, but there is a rearrangement of the word order to the nearest
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the accurate contextual meaning of the original within the restrictions of the TL grammatical structures It "transfers" cultural words and keeps the degree of grammatical and lexical "abnormality" (deviation from SL standards) in the translation It endeavors to be totally faithful to the intentions and the text-realization of the SL writer.
He is as fast as a Kangaroo
Anh ấy nhanh như một con căng-gu-ru.
In the above example, when translated into Vietnamese, the word " Kangaroo" is faithfully translated and preserved since " Kangaroo" is a cultural word for a typical animal found only in Australia.
Semantic translation varies from “faithful translation” primarily in that it must consider the aesthetic value The translator needs to refine the finished version to avoid assonance, word-play, or repetition jars Moreover, it may use the culturally neutral third or functional terms instead of cultural equivalents to translate less significant cultural terminology, and it may make other minor concessions to the readership The difference between "faithful" and "semantic" translation is that the first is rigid and dogmatic, whilst the second is more flexible, admits the creative exception to 100% accuracy, and allows for the translator's intuitive empathy with the original
Bà hai làm nghề nhuộm vải, tôi không tường mặt
His second wife was a cloth dyer, I never set eyes on her
In the above example, semantic translation has reproduced not only the normal content of the text but also the subtle expression and high aesthetic value of the text.
Adaptation translation is the “freest” form of translation and is utilized mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry In the translation, the themes, characters, and plots are usually preserved while the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten Many terrible adaptations have resulted from the deplorable practice of having a play or poetry literally translated and then rewritten by an established dramatist or poet, but other adaptations have "rescued" period plays. Here is an example.
That thy heart could forget,
Ta bí mật gặp nhau Trong âm thầm tiếc nuối
Dù tim em lãng quên
Dù lòng em lừa dối Nếu anh còn gặp em Sau nghìn trùng xa cách Biết chào em thế nào?
Hay lặng thầm nước mắt.
Looking at the above example, it is obvious that the translator used poetic ideas to rewrite the poem Cultural elements in SL are completely transformed by cultural elements in TL.
In free translation, the content is reproduced without the manner or the form of the original It is usually a paraphrase that may be much longer than the original, a so-called "intralingual translation", often prolix and pretentious, and not translation at all
Toyota tiến tới tương lai
In the above example, the meaningful content is not as important as the message to be conveyed in an advertisement.
Idiomatic translation reproduces the “message” of the source text by using an equivalent in the TL; however, in this translation, we must use idioms in the TL to express the TL This method has a tendency to distort nuances of meaning by favoring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original
You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs
Muốn ăn thì lăn vào bếp.
In the above example, it is clear that the TL translated literally cannot convey all the meaningful content of the SL Therefore, an equivalent or corresponding idiom in TL that can express the symbolic meaning and effectively transfer the cultural message of the idiom in SL is utilized.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
3.1 ORIGINAL VERSION 3.2 SUGGESTED VERSION P1: Kelvin Bailey was beginning to suspect that his boss might not be playing with a full deck “We drove ten or twenty miles and we got into this nasty, wasted country,” he recalls.
“Water, swamps, jungle, alligators I thought, ‘He’s got to be out of his mind
—this is nothing! Water up to our knees!’ You couldn’t have given me the land.”
It was the mid-1960s, and Kelvin, corporate pilot for Walt Disney
Productions, was standing with Walt
Disney in the Central Florida wilderness, just southwest of Orlando Walt was in the process of buying 30,000 acres, or 47 square miles, that would come to be known as the Walt Disney World Resort.
Even though he would not live to see the park developed, Walt had no trouble imagining it amid the Florida scrub He pointed out Main Street, U.S.A.,
Fantasyland, and other nonexistent features to the thoroughly astounded pilot But even a master of creativity like
Walt probably never imagined the full extent of what has become the world’s
P1: Kelvin Bailey đã bắt đầu nghi ngờ rằng ông chủ của anh ta đang ngờ nghệch “ Chúng tôi đã lái xe mười hoặc hai mươi dặm và chúng tôi đã đi vào nơi hoang tàn, tồi tệ này”, anh ta nhớ lại “ Nước, đầm lầy, rừng rậm, cá sấu Tôi nghĩ: “ anh ta phải mất trí rồi- chẳng có gì ở đây cả Nước ngập đến mắt cá chân chúng tôi!” Anh không thể cho tôi vùng đất này được Đó là vào giữa thập niên 1960, và Kevin, phi công công ty của Walt Disney Produtions, đang sát cánh cùng Walt Disney ở trung tâm Florida hoang dã, ngay phía Tây Nam của Orlando. Walt đang trong quá trình mua 30,000 mẫu đất, tương đương 47 dặm mét vuông, sau này được biết đến là Khu Nghỉ Dưỡng Thế Giới Walt Disney. Mặc dù anh ấy đã không còn sống để thấy sự phát triển công viên, Walt không gặp khó khăn gì khi tưởng tượng ra nó giữa bụi cây Florida Anh ấy chỉ raMain Street, U.S.A., Fantasyland, và những đặc điểm không tồn tại khác khiến viên phi công hết sức kinh ngạc.Nhưng ngay cả một bậc thầy về sáng tạo number-one theme park complex or, for that matter, the growth of the company that he liked to remind people “was all started by a mouse.” như Walt có lẽ cũng không bao giờ tưởng tượng được toàn bộ quy mô của những gì đã trở thành khu phức hợp công viên giải trí số một thế giới hoặc, cho vấn đề đó, sự phát triển của công ty mà anh ấy thích nhắc nhở mọi người “tất cả đều bắt đầu từ một con chuột”.
P2: To be sure, Walt was capable of big dreams Under his direction, the Disney
Studios had become the world leader in the field of animated films The first theme park, Disneyland, was the embodiment of Walt’s personal vision, and it was Walt who made the Disney brand synonymous with the finest in family entertainment But even those accomplishments were simply a foundation for the company’s eventual success Walt’s mouse would roar
“No name shines more brightly in family entertainment than Disney,” wrote
Chairman and CEO Robert Iger in his annual letter to shareholders in January
2011 A snapshot of Disney at the dawn of the new fiscal year revealed the world’s largest media company, with five major businesses: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products, and interactive
P2: Chắc chắn là Walt có khả năng mơ lớn Dưới sự chỉ đạo của ông, Disney Studios đã trở thành công ty hàng đầu thế giới trong lĩnh vực phim hoạt hình. Công viên giải trí đầu tiên, Disneyland, là hiện thân của tầm nhìn cá nhân của Walt, và chính Walt là người đã biến thương hiệu Disney thành thương hiệu giải trí gia đình tốt nhất Nhưng ngay cả những thành tựu đó cũng chỉ đơn giản là nền tảng cho thành công cuối cùng của công ty Con chuột của Walt sẽ gầm lên.
“Không có cái tên nào tỏa sáng rực rỡ trong lĩnh vực giải trí gia đình hơnDisney,” Chủ tịch kiêm Giám đốc điều hành Robert Iger đã viết trong lá thư thường niên gửi cổ đông vào tháng 1 năm 2011 Một bức ảnh chụp nhanh vềDisney vào buổi bình minh của năm tài chính mới cho thấy công ty truyền thông lớn nhất thế giới, với năm công ty lớn các doanh nghiệp: mạng truyền thông, media công viên và khu nghỉ dưỡng, studio giải trí, sản phẩm tiêu dùng và phương tiện tương tác.
P3: The media network business is anchored by the ABC Television
Network, which reaches 99 percent of all
U.S households and owns ten stations, six of which are located in the nation’s top ten markets It includes cable networks, such as ESPN, Disney
Channel, SOAPnet, and an ownership stake in A&E and Lifetime, and also the thirty-seven-station Disney Radio
Network The parks and resorts business operates eleven theme parks at five resorts in the U.S., Europe, and Asia as well as the Disney Vacation Club,
Disney Cruise Line, and Adventures by
Disney, which conducts guided vacation tours The studio entertainment business includes feature films, home entertainment, television distribution, the
Disney Music Group, and Disney
Theatrical Productions The consumer business includes merchandise licensing, publishing, and the Disney Store retail chain, with more than 350 stores The interactive media business, the newest in the company, is extending the Disney
P3: Hoạt động kinh doanh mạng truyền thông được cố định bởi Mạng truyền hình ABC, tiếp cận 99% tổng số hộ gia đình ở Hoa Kỳ và sở hữu mười đài, sáu trong số đó nằm ở mười thị trường hàng đầu của quốc gia Nó bao gồm các mạng cáp, chẳng hạn như ESPN, DisneyChannel, SOAPnet, và cổ phần sở hữu trong A&E và Lifetime, cũng như MạngRadio Disney gồm 37 trạm Mảng kinh doanh công viên và khu nghỉ dưỡng điều hành mười một công viên giải trí tại năm khu nghỉ dưỡng ở Hoa Kỳ, Châu Âu vàChâu Á cũng như Câu lạc bộ Kỳ nghỉDisney, Disney Cruise Line vàAdventures by Disney, nơi thực hiện các chuyến du lịch nghỉ dưỡng có hướng dẫn viên Lĩnh vực kinh doanh giải trí trường quay bao gồm phim truyện, giải trí gia đình, phân phối truyền hình,Disney Music Group và DisneyTheatrical Productions Hoạt động kinh doanh tiêu dùng bao gồm cấp phép hàng hóa, xuất bản và chuỗi cửa hàng bán lẻDisney Store, với hơn 350 cửa hàng.Mảng kinh doanh truyền thông tương brand into games and online services tác, mảng mới nhất của công ty, đang mở rộng thương hiệu Disney sang các trò chơi và dịch vụ trực tuyến.
P4: Disney’s businesses generated more than $38 billion in annual revenue and
$7.6 billion in operating income in 2010.
Walt and Roy Disney would surely have been astonished by these figures and the growth of their company In 1966, the year Walt died, the company’s entire profit was less than $12 million That same year, Walt and Roy briefly considered merging the company with
General Electric or Westinghouse in order to raise the estimated $100 million in capital needed to build Walt Disney
World Today, Disney’s ever-growing parks and resort business produces more than $10 billion in annual revenue in its own right In 2009, Disney theme parks occupied the first eight of the top ten slots in the industry Thanks to the insight and vision of its founder and visionary, the Walt Disney World Resort is the largest of them all
Since it opened, on October 1, 1971,
Walt Disney World has expanded to encompass four theme parks, two water parks, thirty-four hotels (including those
P4: Các hoạt động kinh doanh của
Disney đã tạo ra hơn 38 tỷ đô la doanh thu hàng năm và 7,6 tỷ đô la thu nhập hoạt động trong năm 2010 Walt và Roy Disney chắc chắn sẽ ngạc nhiên trước những con số này và sự phát triển của công ty họ Năm 1966, năm Walt qua đời, toàn bộ lợi nhuận của công ty chưa đến 12 triệu USD Cùng năm đó, Walt và Roy đã nhanh chóng cân nhắc việc sáp nhập công ty với General Electric hoặc Westinghouse để huy động số vốn ước tính 100 triệu đô la cần thiết để xây dựng Thế giới Walt Disney Ngày nay, hoạt động kinh doanh công viên và khu nghỉ dưỡng không ngừng phát triển của Disney đã tạo ra hơn 10 tỷ đô la doanh thu hàng năm theo đúng nghĩa của nó. Năm 2009, các công viên chủ đề của Disney chiếm tám vị trí đầu tiên trong số mười vị trí hàng đầu trong ngành Nhờ vào cái nhìn sâu sắc và tầm nhìn của người sáng lập và người có tầm nhìn xa trông rộng, Walt Disney World Resort là khu nghỉ dưỡng lớn nhất trong số đó.
Kể từ khi khai trương vào ngày 1 tháng owned by other companies) with approximately 28,000 rooms, and over two hundred restaurants and eateries It includes Downtown Disney—an entertainment and shopping district— and a dedicated wedding pavilion at the
Grand Floridian Resort & Spa near the
Magic Kingdom (more than a thousand couples tie the knot at Walt Disney
This is a good-size city located in an area about twice the size of Manhattan.
Walt Disney World operates every day of the week, year round, and is the largest single-site employer in the U.S It is run by a workforce of more than
62,000 cast members—that’s Disney- speak for employees The cast entertains and otherwise serves millions of guests
(that’s right, Disney-speak for customers) every year This city can have hundreds of thousands of people in it on a crowded day (To get an idea of the scale, consider that there are a half dozen physicians working at Walt
Disney World who are dedicated solely to the guests.) The energy that powers this city? Magic.
10 năm 1971, Walt Disney World đã mở rộng để bao gồm bốn công viên giải trí, hai công viên nước, 34 khách sạn (bao gồm cả những khách sạn thuộc sở hữu của các công ty khác) với khoảng 28.000 phòng và hơn 200 nhà hàng và quán ăn.
ANALYSIS
Vocabulary
Using a dictionary throughout the translation process is incredibly necessary and advantageous for translators In some cases, however, there is no Vietnamese equivalent for some English words or phrases used in the original text As a result, we must choose the most appropriate interpretation based on the context in which the words appear in order to generate the most accurate and acceptable meaning. Furthermore, we must occasionally employ the free translation method to convert specific terms to the nearest target language equivalent The following are some of the challenging kinds of words and phrases that I encountered when translating.
Words and Phrases with Multi-Meaning
Multi-meaning words are words that have more than one definition in the dictionary and may be understood in a variety of ways depending on the context or certain sentence If translators do not have a full comprehension of the concepts as well as the context of the original language, these words usually lead them to convert erroneously.
I occasionally struggled to determine the precise meaning of these multi- meaning words However, I typically reread the original language to identify the most relevant meaning.
Example 1: According to the Cambridge Dictionary, the word “role” in the sentence “Just because you cannot assign a numeric value to magic does not mean that it is not playing a powerful role at Disney and in other companies around the world ” [P8] has several meanings:
[1] an actor’s part in a play, film, etc
[2] the function or position that somebody has or is expected to have in an organization, in society or in a relationship
[3] the degree to which somebody/something is involved in a situation or an activity and the effect that they have on it
It seems that the second meaning is the most suitable Besides, in the Soha
Tratu Dictionary, “role” is like “vai (diễn), vai trò” And I choose this meaning for the translation which is translated as “vai trò” in Vietnamese
Suggested version: “chỉ bởi vì bạn không thể định giá cho phép thuật không có nghĩa là nó không đóng một vai trò quan trọng tại Disney và các công ty khác trên thế giới.”
Example 2: I have the word “made” in the sentence “The first theme park,
Disneyland, was the embodiment of Walt’s personal vision, and it was Walt who made the Disney brand synonymous with the finest in family entertainment” [P2]
In the Oxford Dictionary, “make” is defined:
[1] to create or prepare something by combining materials or putting parts together
[2] make something to write, create or prepare something
[3] to cause something to appear as a result of breaking, tearing, hitting or removing material
[4] to cause somebody/something to be or become a particular kind of thing or person
[5] to force somebody to do something
[6] to represent somebody/something as being or doing something
In this context, the fifth meaning is considered to be more appropriate It is like “tạo nên, sắp đặt, làm, gây ra, biến thành” in the Soha Tratu Dictionary. Therefore, I chose this meaning for the translation which is translated as “biến” in Vietnamese.
Suggested version: "Công viên giải trí đầu tiên, Disneyland, là hiện thân của tầm nhìn cá nhân của Walt, và chính Walt là người đã biến thương hiệu Disney thành thương hiệu giải trí gia đình tốt nhất "
Example 3: In the sentence “This is a good-size city located in an area about twice the size of Manhattan.” [P4], we should pay much attention to the word
“good” The word “good” is defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as follow:
[1] of high quality or an acceptable standard
[2] pleasant; that you enjoy or want
[3] sensible, logical or strongly supporting what is being discussed
[4] showing or getting approval or respect
[5] able to do something well
[6] good with something/somebody able to use something or deal with people well There are a lot of meanings for “good” in the dictionary Depending on the meaning of the whole sentence, the fourth meaning is suitable to translate, and it means "lớn, tốt, rộng lượng" in Vietnamese Therefore, I chose “lớn” to convert this word.
Suggested Version: “Đây là thành phố có diện tích lớn nằm trong khu vực rộng gấp đôi diện tích Manhattan."
Challenging Structures
When translating a text, the structure is crucial to the meaning of the phrase.
As there are several methods to structure words into sentences, translators become perplexed throughout the translation process Furthermore, there are certain differences between Vietnamese and English grammar Some structures, like as passive voice, dummy subject, etc., are uncommon in Vietnamese As a result, translators must have a deep understanding of the grammatical patterns of the source language in order to correctly translate the text's meaning into the target language During the translation process, I encountered numerous difficult structures that required detailed analysis in order to properly convey the message into Vietnamese.
A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by one of the types:
A comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
A semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and a comma
Each of the clauses is important and could stand alone.
However, in this section, I just analyze compound structures with coordinating conjunction.
Example 4: "Customer retention requires customer satisfaction, but customer satisfaction is a moving target." [P23]
This sentence consists of two independent clauses connected by the coordinating conjunction " but" , including " Customer retention requires customer satisfaction " and " customer satisfaction is a moving target " in order
Suggested version: “Giữ chân khách hàng đòi hỏi sự hài lòng của khách hàng, nhưng sự hài lòng của khách hàng là một mục tiêu di động.”
Example 5: "We drove ten or twenty miles and we got into this nasty, wasted country " [P1]
This sentence contains two independent clauses linked by the coordinating conjunction " and" The first one is " We drove ten or twenty miles ", and the second one is " we got into this nasty, wasted country."
Suggested version: “Chúng tôi đã lái xe mười hoặc hai mươi dặm và chúng tôi đã đi vào nơi hoang tàn, tồi tệ này”
Example 6: "Customers want memorable experience, and companies must become stagers of experiences " [P27]
This sentence contains two independent clauses linked by the coordinating conjunction " and" They are " Customers want memorable experience " and " companies must become stagers of experiences" in order I offered a suggested version as follow:
Suggested version: “ Những khách hàng muốn có những trải nghiệm đáng nhớ và các công ty phải trở thành nhà tổ chức trải nghiệm.”
Example 7: "Walt’s answer was to create a new kind of amusement park, and since that beginning, Disneyland and all of the company’s theme parks have been intensely focused on the guest experience." [P30]
There are two independent clauses, including “Walt’s answer was to create a new kind of amusement park” and “Disneyland and all of the company’s theme parks have been intensely focused on the guest experience”, and both of them are linked by coordinating conjunction “and”
Suggested version: “Câu trả lời của Walt là tạo ra một loại công viên giải trí mới, và kể từ khi bắt đầu, Disneyland và tất cả các công viên chủ đề của công ty đã tập trung cao độ vào sự trải nghiệm của khách.”
A complex sentence is one that has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause It is frequently used to indicate which ideas are the most important and which are subordinate Therefore, if we lack sound grammatical understanding and do not thoroughly evaluate the text, we are highly likely to translate it incorrectly Noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverbial clauses are common components of a complex structure.
4.2.2.1 Complex Sentence with Noun Clause
It is difficult to translate sentences with noun clauses A noun clause is a challenging part of English grammar to grasp since it frequently causes us to misunderstand the meaning of the sentence if we wrongly define the noun clause as well as its function Here are several examples of the noun clause, and my suggested versions.
Example 8: "He asked himself, how could this experience be improved for the entire family?" [P30]
In this sentence, the noun clause “how could this experience be improved for the entire family” is used as an object of the verb “asked” and I translated it into
Suggested version: "Anh tự hỏi, làm thế nào để cải thiện trải nghiệm này cho cả gia đình?"
4.2.2.2 Complex Sentence with Adjective Clause
An adjective clause, also known as a related clause, is a type of dependent or subordinate clause that comes after a noun in a sentence and modifies it There are two kinds of relative clauses: restrictive (or defining) relative clauses and non- restrictive (or non-defining) relative clauses; and in a sentence, these clauses can take either their standard form or their reduced one
Furthermore, the relative clause is not utilized in Vietnamese, making it difficult for translators to translate the text into the target language In order to make the translation more familiar to readers, I often ignore the relative pronoun or change it into another form.
Example 9: "The first theme park, Disneyland, was the embodiment of Walt’s personal vision, and it was Walt who made the Disney brand synonymous with the finest in family entertainment " [P42]
This sentence contains the adjective clause " who made the Disney brand synonymous with the finest in family entertainment" modified the proper noun
“Walt”, used as a subject complement, I translated the sentence as below:
Suggested version: "Công viên giải trí đầu tiên, Disneyland, là hiện thân của tầm nhìn cá nhân của Walt, và chính Walt là người đã biến Disney thành thành thương hiệu giải trí gia đình tốt nhất?"
Example 10: "Further, delighting the repeat guests on whom The Walt Disney Company depends for its future success means that the company must raise the bar at every customer touch point." [P19]
This sentence has a defining relative clause “on whom The Walt Disney
Company depends for its future success means that the company must raise the bar at every customer touch point” beginning with the relative pronoun “whom” This relative clause is used as the modifier of the noun phrase "guests", which is the object of the preposition of the sentence In Vietnamese, the words “mà, cái mà” are used to express the (clausal) postmodification.
Suggested Version: "Hơn nữa, làm hài lòng những vị khách thường xuyên,những người mà Công ty Walt Disney phụ thuộc vào để đạt được thành công trong tương lai, có nghĩa là công ty phải nâng cao tiêu chuẩn ở mọi điểm tiếp xúc với khách hàng."
Example 11: "the value of the experience lingers in the memory of any individual who was engaged by the event." [P28]
The defining relative clause “who was engaged by the event ", introduced by the relative pronoun “who” , modifies the noun phrase "any individual", which functions as the subject of the sentence In this situation, if I use the words “mà, những ai mà”, it will make the suggested version unnatural Thus, I chose the suggested version below:
Suggested version: "giá trị của trải nghiệm vẫn tồn tại trong ký ức của bất kỳ cá nhân nào đã tham gia vào sự kiện đó "
4.2.2.3 Complex Sentence with Adverbial Clause
DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS
Difficulties
Translating is about conveying intents, sentiments, and implicit messages while remaining sensitive to the subtleties, idiosyncrasies, and natural beauty of a language However, it is clear that translation is not always easy, especially since each language has its own cultural and linguistic subtleties Furthermore, the grammar, lexis, syntax, or terminology all have an effect on the quality of the suggested version Translators are necessary to have a deep particular understanding of the topic they are translating as well as a comprehension of the structure and lexis used in the text in order to achieve correct, natural, and smooth suggested versions. Translation is also a challenge since the translator must rebuild the original text in the form of SL to TL, which is a succinct and accurate translated version that is easier to grasp for the reader As a result, as an amateur translator, I met several issues during the translation process.
The first issue I faced was a lack of vocabulary Throughout the translation process, I encountered a number of strange words and phrases that I had never seen before In addition, there are many words and phrases with several meanings, making me confused about determining the most precise meaning, and I end up translating the incorrect one I occasionally met some words whose meanings had not been translated in the dictionary, and I could not always figure out what these phrases meant, or whether meanings were inappropriate for the situations.
Furthermore, idioms and phrasing make translation more challenging for me. They describe things using unusual instances or figures of speech And most significantly, the meanings of these peculiar terms cannot be foretold by the literal meanings of the words it contains.
Next, grammar is one of the tough aspects to cope with since grammar differs between languages Many structures in English are less common or even do not exist in Vietnamese, for example, passive sentences, dummy subject structures, and existing sentences As a result, we must first understand the author's ideas before expressing them in Vietnamese using a different framework; otherwise, the sentence will be very rigid and unnatural.
Besides, in the translation process, complicated structures such as relative clauses, noun clauses, and so on also frequently perplexed me, necessitating a thorough grasp of grammar in order to convey the author's ideas.
In conclusion, it is difficult to translate a document successfully Translators must have an extensive understanding of not only the field into which they are translating but also the structure and lexis of both languages in order to generate the exact suggested version.
Solutions
It is inescapable to encounter issues during the translation process However, I have my own method to solve these problems based on translation skills through theoretical as well as practical subjects I had been taught at university.
Firstly, I read the entire original text to understand the author's main idea before translating so that I could cover the content and have a general overview of the text During this process, I also concentrated on and noted all of the challenging words and phrases that I found it hard to translate, as well as highlighting the structures that confused me or were not easy to understand Then I would analyze them thoroughly and do my best to translate them If I am doubtful about the correctness of my translation, I will ask for assistance from my supervisor or friends Therefore, I will solve problematic structures or determine the most appropriate meaning for difficult terms In addition, I also read the materials in the library as well as discovering information on the Internet, which are quite helpful in deciphering some complex terms, such as technical terms.
Secondly, I studied a variety of dictionaries, including the Glosbe Dictionary,Soha Tra Tu Dictionary, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Free Dictionary,Cambridge Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, etc to identify the most appropriate meanings Besides, I searched concepts or places I did not recognize on the Internet to determine what they were However, in some circumstances, with terms I could not look up their definitions, I place them into correct contexts and get proper meanings depending on the context.
Thirdly, the challenged structures would be carefully analyzed to determine their elements It was really beneficial to thoroughly understand the sentence forms in order to avoid confusion If there were any structures that I was not sure about or did not remember, I would review them to appropriately evaluate and translate. Additionally, to translate effectively and correctly, knowledge of the target language is also required and we must rely on the context while translating the text.
To summarize, I faced several problems during the translation process;however, I tried my best to figure out solutions and provide the best-recommended version.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusion
Throughout some years at the Faculty of English, I was provided with a wealth of knowledge and skills to help me become a proficient translator However, while completing my graduation paper, I found that I had a number of drawbacks This paper enabled me to enhance my analysis and expression abilities Furthermore, I got plenty of experience during the analysis process.
To begin with, during the translation process, I realized that I had a limited vocabulary in both SL and TL There were several words that I did not know their meanings, making them difficult to translate Moreover, the shortage of Vietnamese lexis also led to poorly conveying an idea in Vietnamese, even if I understood the author's expression As a result, it is absolutely necessary to expand the vocabulary. Next, my grammar was displayed in this graduation paper I assessed a handful of phrases inaccurately due to a lack of grammar and syntactic understanding I got the chance to detect weaknesses and enhance my understanding through this paper.
Furthermore, my translation skills have increased as a result of translating and analyzing this graduation paper Now I know how to solve the problems in the original text in order to create a well-recommended version I regularly find myself unable to transfer concepts or phrases that do not have definitions in dictionaries; however, I have recently studied how to infer these meanings from context
In addition, I learned how to communicate an idea in TL by employing an equivalent I was also able to swiftly analyze challenging structures in order to get the best results now.
In short, I am aware that I have many shortcomings in translation As a result, in order to become an effective translator, I must always endeavor to study and develop my knowledge and skills, as well as getting more practice.
After finishing my graduation thesis, I have some suggestions for the English Translation and Interpretation students and the Faculty of English.
Firstly, students must broaden their knowledge in many fields since they will encounter several documents from diverse topics in the future Furthermore, understanding the language's structure, grammar, semantics, and other elements will help students grasp the author's idea more easily, decreasing confusion and errors throughout the translation process.
Secondly, in order to become good translators, students need to focus on their mother tongue along with improving their English By reading more books, novels, and magazines, watching videos, or listening to songs, they can not only accumulate more useful knowledge but also extend their vocabulary In many circumstances, students are able to understand all of the author's ideas, but they are unable to convey their thoughts in their mother tongue due to a lack of vocabulary. Developing their native language will allow them to translate more naturally, and smoothly
Finally, students have to fully grasp translation theory, which helps them analyze and translate the text rapidly Moreover, they should develop their reading comprehension skills These abilities allow them to fully understand the topic mentioned by the author to prevent blunders as well as guessing difficult words effectively in the translation process.
Firstly, I think that the teachers should give students more opportunities to improve their translation analysis skills It is very common for students to be able to translate a sentence but they cannot analyze the elements of the statement
Secondly, teachers should provide students with additional knowledge about the cultural characteristics of different countries in their lessons Translating will be easier if students are familiar with the culture of the country in which the author lives since culture has a great influence on the style of writing and the use of words.Finally, the Faculty of English should establish practice rooms that are fully equipped with computers and headphones in order to improve the effectiveness of translation classes Furthermore, additional extracurricular activities, as well asEnglish clubs, are required to create an environment in which students can exchange knowledge and assist others in improving.
[1] Catford, J.C (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation Oxford: Oxford
[2] Duff, A (1989) Translation Oxford: Oxford University Press
[3] Newmark, P (1988) A Textbook of Translation New York: Prentice Hall
[4] Nida, E., & Taber, C (1982) The Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: E.J Brill.
[5] Albasyouni, Z (2016, May 18) Catford Translation Theory Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/zee_albasyouni/catford-62139024? fbclid=IwAR3H_qivv-
[6] Cambridge Dictionary Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
[7] Glosbe Dictionary Retrieved from https://vi.glosbe.com/
[8] Merriam-Webster Dictionary Retrieved from https://www.merriam- webster.com/
[9] Oxford Learner's Dictionaries Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
[10] Soha Tra Tu Dictionary Retrieved from http://tratu.soha.vn/
[11] Tiến, L.H (2007) Vấn đề phương pháp trong dịch thuật Anh Việt VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 23(1) Retrieved from https://js.vnu.edu.vn/FS/article/view/3092
[12] Vanilla (2010, April 9) Kinds of Translation Retrieved from https://transvanilla.blogspot.com/2010/04/kinds-of-translation.html? fbclid=IwAR1BdJEZdjqe7mAJUSecr1fQal3CW2 WBjs70h7TJ-