SKKN Phương pháp giúp học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa nhất với câu đã cho trong đề thi THPT quốc gia

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HÀ TĨNH - Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm: Phương pháp giúp học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho đề thi THPT quốc gia MỤC LỤC Trang I PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU…………………………………………… …………… 1 Lý chọn đề tài…………………………………………………………… Mục tiêu nghiên cứu………………………………………………………… Đối tượng nghiên cứu……………………………………………………… Phạm vi nghiên cứu………………………………………………………… Nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu……………………………………………………… Phương pháp nghiên cứu…………………………………………………… Những đóng góp đề tài…………………………………………… Bố cục đề tài…………………………………………………………… II PHẦN GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ………………………………………… Cơ sở khoa học……………………………………………………………… 1.1 Cơ sở lý luận……………………………………………………………… 1.1.1 Khái niệm câu đồng nghĩa……………………………………………… 1.1.2 Các loại câu đồng nghĩa….….………………………………………… 2 Cơ sở thực tiễn……………………………………………………………… 2.1 Ma trận đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm 2019……………… 2.2 Những khó khăn học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn câu gần nghĩa…… Phương pháp làm phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho………………… 3.1 Các bước làm bài… ……………………………………………………… 3.2 Hệ thống hóa cấu trúc, cụm từ có ý nghĩa tương đương tập…… Đánh giá tính hiệu đề tài………………………………………… 31 III PHẦN KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ………………………………… Tóm tắt trình nghiên cứu……………………………………………… 32 32 Ý nghĩa đề tài…………………………………………………………… 32 Những hạn chế đề tài…………………………………………………… 32 Những nội dung cần tiếp tục nghiên cứu……………………………… 32 PHỤ LỤC…………………………………………………………………… 33 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO…………………………………………………… 34 I PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU Lý chọn đề tài Trong sống, có mn vàn cách để diễn đạt suy nghĩ hay ý tưởng Do vậy, khả biến hóa sử dụng câu đồng nghĩa giúp làm cho ngôn ngữ thêm phong phú Đề thi THPT Quốc gia mơn Tiếng Anh có câu phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa So với phần kiểm tra lựa chọn từ (word choice), phần từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa hay phần đọc hiểu với dạng câu hỏi suy luận (inferring questions) phần chọn câu gần nghĩa khơng khó Tuy nhiên, q trình ơn thi THPT quốc gia cho học sinh khối 12, nhận thấy em gặp khó khăn làm phần thường đưa đáp án sai Xuất phát từ lí nêu tơi chọn đề tài “Phương pháp giúp học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho đề thi THPT quốc gia” cho sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Đề tài nghiên cứu nhằm tìm hiểu khó khăn mà học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa Hơn nữa, muốn giới thiệu phương pháp để học sinh làm tốt phần đề thi THPT quốc gia Cuối không phần quan trọng, thông qua thu thập phân tích liệu áp dụng phương pháp vào số lớp học trường, đưa số gợi ý để giáo viên Tiếng Anh áp dụng hiệu giải pháp Đối tượng nghiên cứu Đối tượng nghiên cứu đề tài lớp khối 12 trường Phạm vi nghiên cứu Đề tài nghiên cứu phương pháp giúp học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho đề thi THPT quốc gia Các số liệu nghiên cứu thu thập năm học 2018 – 2019 Nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu - Tìm hiểu khó khăn mà học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa - Giới thiệu phương pháp để học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa đề thi THPT quốc gia - Áp dụng phương pháp vào lớp 12 trường để tìm tính hiệu sáng kiến Phương pháp nghiên cứu Đề tài sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu sau: - Phương pháp nghiên cứu tài liệu - Phương pháp trưng cầu ý kiến bảng hỏi - Biên soạn tập áp dụng chúng vào việc dạy học - Phương pháp quan sát, trao đổi với đồng nghiệp - Phương pháp xử lý liệu: phương pháp xử lý liệu định lượng định tính Những đóng góp đề tài Đề tài tìm phương pháp để giúp đối tượng học sinh trung bình giỏi làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho Thông qua đề tài, giáo viên Tiếng Anh giúp học sinh cải thiện điểm số Học sinh sử dụng đề tài để tự học phát triển kỹ viết Bố cục đề tài Đề tài gồm phần: Phần mở đầu, phần giải vấn đề phần kết luận kiến nghị Phần mở đầu nêu lý chọn đề tài, tính cấp thiết, mục tiêu, đối tượng, phạm vi, nhiệm vụ phương pháp nghiên cứu dự báo đóng góp đề tài Phần giải vấn đề nêu sở khoa học vấn đề, trình bày khảo sát tình hình thực tế, đưa số phương pháp gồm lý thuyết tập thực hành để học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu có nghĩa tương đương, nêu nhận định tính hiệu đề tài thông qua đối chiếu số liệu liên quan Phần kết luận kiến nghị nêu quy trình nghiên cứu, ý nghĩa đề tài đề xuất II PHẦN GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ Cơ sở khoa học 1.1 Cơ sở lý luận 1.1.1 Khái niệm câu đồng nghĩa   Theo Nguyễn Hữu Chương (2009), câu có hình thức khác lại diễn đạt nội dung, đối tượng, tình v.v… câu đồng nghĩa (paraphrase) 1.1.3 Các loại câu đồng nghĩa Trong nghiên cứu “Đối chiếu số loại câu đồng nghĩa tiếng Việt tiếng Anh”, Nguyễn Hữu Chương nêu nhiều loại câu đồng nghĩa Tuy nhiên, loại câu đồng nghĩa sau phổ biến: a Câu đồng nghĩa phép từ đồng nghĩa Ví dụ: - Peter goes to Ha Noi by airplane/ craft - Please close/ shut the window b Câu đồng nghĩa lối phủ định kép            Tiếng Anh dùng phủ định (negative prefixes) như: in – (incorrect = không đúng), un – (unreasonable = vơ lý), dis – (dislike = khơng thích), im – (impossible = không thể), ir – (irregular = không đặn),v.v… Ví dụ: - His reaction was explainable His reaction was not unexplainable - His anger is reasonable.  His anger is not without any reason c Câu đồng nghĩa phép từ đảo nghĩa (converse)             Các cặp từ đảo nghĩa cặp từ như: buy (mua) – sell (bán), borrow (mượn) – lend (cho mượn), give (giao, cho) – take (nhận), win (thắng) – lose (thua), teach (dạy) – study (học), own (có, sở hữu) – belong to (thuộc về), v.v Ví dụ: - Bill bought a chicken from salesman.  Salesman sold a chicken to Bill - She had to eat her dinner before she went out She could go out  after she ate her dinner.  She could not go out until she finished her dinner  d Câu đồng nghĩa phép danh từ số lượng, số Ví dụ: I have been living here for a year.  I have been living here for 12 months.            e Câu đồng nghĩa phép từ phái sinh gốc Ví dụ: - He plays football well He is a good football player - He admires her  He has admiration for her f Câu đồng nghĩa việc dùng cấu trúc mang nghĩa tương đương Ví dụ: - Gas is easy to buy It’s easy to buy gas - Nam bought this book This book was bought by Nam Đây dạng gặp phổ biến đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Ví dụ: (Mã đề 403 – năm 2018) Question 43: “Don’t forget to submit your assignments by Thursday,” said the teacher to the students A The teacher reminded the students to submit their assignments by Thursday B The teacher allowed the students to submit their assignments by Thursday C The teacher ordered the students to submit their assignments by Thursday D The teacher encouraged the students to submit their assignments by Thursday Question 44: They expect that recent changes will bring about an overall improvement in the quality of the country’s education A Recent changes are expected to lead to an overall improvement in the quality of the country’s education B The quality of the country’s education is expected to be the consequence of recent changes C It is expected that recent changes are caused by an overall improvement in the country’s education D It was expected that recent changes would result in an overall improvement in the quality of the country’s education Question 45: She wasn’t early enough to catch the bus A She wasn’t late for the bus B She didn’t arrive late for the bus C She arrived too early for the bus D She was too late to catch the bus Cơ sở thực tiễn 2.1 Ma trận đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm 2019 Dựa vào ma trận, ta thấy phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho có câu, chủ yếu nằm mức độ thơng hiểu vận dụng thấp Thông thường, đề thi, theo nhận định thân trao đổi với đồng nghiệp câu hỏi thường khơng khó 2.2 Những khó khăn học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn câu gần nghĩa Qua thăm dò ý kiến học sinh bằng phiếu hỏi, ta thấy khơng có em học sinh nhận xét phần dễ, có em 78 em (chiếm 2.56%) đánh giá dễ, 11 em (14.1%) nhận xét độ khó trung bình Đa số học sinh coi phần khó (29.49%), chí khó (53.85%) Các ngun nhân học sinh đưa phổ biến em không hiểu nghĩa câu gốc, phương án A, B, C, D gần giống nên dễ gây nhầm lẫn Một số em thừa nhận phần dài, nhiều từ nên em thấy sợ, không muốn làm Phương pháp làm phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho 3.1 Các bước làm Bước 1: Đọc kỹ câu cho trước cố gắng hiểu trọn vẹn ý câu đó. Chú ý đến từ khóa, cấu trúc sử dụng câu gốc Bước 2: Nghĩ ý tưởng viết lại câu sử dụng cách khác, cấu trúc khác mà giữ ý nguyên vẹn câu cho trước Bước 3: Đọc phương án cho sẵn loại phương án sai ngữ pháp sai nghĩa Bước 4: Tìm phương án đúng, đọc kiểm tra lại để chắn nghĩa câu không đổi so với câu ban đầu Tuy nhiên, để làm dạng tìm câu gần nghĩa hiệu nhất, học sinh nên khuyến khích ghi nhớ cấu trúc, từ, cụm từ tương đương luyện tập thường xuyên dạng để phát triển khả phát loại trừ phương án sai 3.2 Hệ thống hóa cấu trúc, cụm từ có ý nghĩa tương đương tập 3.2.1 Cấu trúc liên biến đổi * S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago / when… (bắt đầu làm gì) => S + have/has + Vpp / been Ving+ for / since … Ví dụ: She began to play the piano years ago => She has played/ has been playing the piano for years * S + last + Vpast + time+ ago: Lần cuối làm => S + have/ has + not + Vpp + for + time => It’s + time + since + S + last + Vpast => The last time + S + Vpast+ was + time + ago Ví dụ: It last snowed weeks ago => It hasn’t snowed for weeks => It’s weeks since it last snowed => The last time it snowed was weeks ago * This is the first time + S +have/has + Vpp: Lần đầu làm => S +have/ has + never + Vpp + before => S+ have/ has not+ Vpp + before Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him => I have never met him before => I haven’t met him before * This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+Vpp: Đây là… từng… => S +have/ has + never + Vpp+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N => S+ have/ has never + Vpp + a more + ADJ+ N than this * S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N = S + be accustomed to + Ving: thường/quen với làm * S + used to + Vbare…… = S + usually + Vpast… = S + no longer + V(s,es) = S + don’t / doesn’t V-bare + any more: (thói quen khứ) Practice: Steve left before my arrival A When I arrived, Steve had already left B Steve left as soon as I arrived C While Steve was leaving I arrived D Steve hadn’t left until I arrived I haven’t been here before A Being here is a pleasant experience B This is the first time I have been here C I have wished to be here for long D Before long I will be here The last time I saw Rose was three years ago A I hasn’t seen Rose for three years B I haven’t seen Rose three years ago C I haven’t seen Rose since three years D I haven’t seen Rose for three years Eight years ago we started writing to each other A We have rarely written to each other for eight years B Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other C We wrote to each other eight years ago D We have been writing to each other for eight years My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month A It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes B It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes C It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes D It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago He used to jog every morning A He enjoys jogging every morning B He never fails to jog every morning C He doesn’t now jog every morning D He intended to jog every morning Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid A The workers expected to pay because they had finished their work B Having their work finished, the workers expected to be paid C Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work D Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime A I had lunch when someone knocked on the door B When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door C I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door D I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door Nigel and I haven't met each other for years A It was years since I met Nigel B It is years since I met Nigel C I didn't meet Nigel years ago D It is years ago that I met Nigel 10 This is the first time I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood A I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood before B I haven’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before C I had lived in such a friendly neighborhood before D I hadn’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 3.2.2 Cấu trúc giả định / điều kiện / ước * Unless = If … not If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America => Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America 8.D 9.B 10.B D I first made a stupid mistake My uncle didn't recognize me until I spoke A My uncle recognized me not until I spoke B Not until I spoke did my uncle not recognize me C Not until I spoke did my uncle recognize me D Only when my uncle recognized me did I speak As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home A He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected B No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home C Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport D He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home Helen wrote a novel and made a cowboy film A Helen wrote not only a novel but also made a cowboy film B Helen both wrote a novel as well as made a cowboy film C Helen either wrote a novel or made a cowboy film D Not only did Helen write a novel but she also made a cowboy film Not until I met Jack did I get some news about you A I didn't get any news about you until I met Jack B Jack shouldn't have told me news about you C Until I met Jack I got some news about you D As soon as I got news about you, I met Jack But for Susan's help, you couldn't have finished the work A Had Susan not helped you, you couldn't have finished the work B You can't finish the work without Susan's help C Susan didn't help you, and you couldn't finish the work D Susan helped you, but you couldn't finish the work Jenny is so creative that we all can rely on her for original ideas A Being creative, we can all rely on Jenny for original ideas B Creative as Jenny is, we can rely on her for original ideas C Jenny is such creative girl that we all can rely on her for original ideas D So creative is Jenny that we all can rely on her for original ideas It was only when I left home that I realized the meaning of "family" A I realized the meaning of "family" before I left home B Only when I left home I realized the meaning of "family" C Not until I left home did I realize the meaning of "family" D I didn't leave home until I realized the meaning of "family" 10 The government does not know what to with household rubbish in large cities 20 A Little does the government know what to with household rubbish in large cities B It is unknown what to with household rubbish in large cities by the government C Rarely the government knows what to with household rubbish in large cities D Hardly any government knows what to with household rubbish in large cities Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 3.2.9 Một số cấu trúc cụm từ khác * It + be + adj (for Sb) to sth: Ai làm => Doing sth be ADJ (for sb) => S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to sth Ví dụ: It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning => Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me => I find waking up early in the morning difficult => I find it difficult to wake up in the morning * S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V Or If I were you,… => It’s time for sb to sth => It’s (high/ about) time S+ did sth (thể phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới mà chưa làm?”) Ví dụ: You’d better go right now => It’s time for you to go now => It’s time you went now * It’s not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth = It’s no good/ no use Ving = It’s a waste of time doing sth: khơng đáng, vơ ích làm Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing => It’s no good/ no use arguing => It’s not worth arguing * S + prefer doing sth to doing sth = S + would rather sth than sth = S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth: thích làm làm * It’s one’s duty to sth = S + be + supposed to sth: có nghĩa vụ làm * It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that = it looks as if/ as though: dường như, * S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N = S + be accustomed to + Ving: quen với * It takes / took + O + time + to sth= S + spend / spent + time + doing sth * Can = tobe able to = tobe possible: * Like = to be interested in = enjoy = keen on = fond of sth: yêu thích * Succeed in doing sth = manage to sth: làm việc thành cơng * to try to (+inf) = to make an effort to/ to make an attempt to : cố gắng 21 * result in = cause = lead to = bring about: gây / dẫn đến * result from = be caused = as a result of: xuất phát từ  to look at (v)= to have a look at (n): nhìn vào  to think about = to give thought to: nghĩ  to be determined to = to have a determination to: dự định  to know (about) = to have knowledge of: biết  to tend to = to have a tendency to: có khuynh hướng  to intend to +inf = to have intention of + Ving: dự định  to desire to = have a desire to: khao khát, mong muốn  to wish = to have a wish / to express a wish: ao ước  to visit Sb = to pay a visit to Sb / to pay Sb a visit: thăm viếng  to discuss Sth = to have a discussion about: thảo luận  to decide to = to make a decision to: quyết định  to talk to = to have a talk with: nói chuyện  understand = to be aware of: hiểu, nhận thức  to explain Sth = to give an explanation for: giải thích  to call Sb = to give Sb a call: gọi điện cho…  to be interested in = to have interest in: thích  to drink = to have a drink: uống  to photograph = to have a photograph of: chụp hình  to live = to lead a life: sống  to laugh at = to give a laugh at: cười nhạo  to welcome Sb = to give Sb a welcome: chào đón  to reject = to refuse = to turn down: từ chối  to ring / phone Sb = to give Sb a ring: gọi điện  to warn = to give warning: báo động, cảnh báo  to meet Sb = to have a meeting with Sb: gặp Practice: I was offered to work for IBM, but I rejected A I turned down the offer to work for IBM B I rejected to offer to work for IBM C IBM refused my offer to work D I was refused by IBM at work He is a reliable person, which is different from what people think A People think differently about the reliable person B Contrary to what people think, he is reliable C Contrary to what people think, he is unreliable D He, who is reliable, is not what people think It is no good sending me the brochures; I never travel abroad 22 A I never travel abroad, so sending me the brochures is good B It is not good to send me the brochures of the countries which I have never been to C I never travel abroad, so there is no point in sending me the brochures D I never travel without good brochures My teacher wouldn’t let me leave early A My teacher refused to let me leave early B My teacher refused letting me leave early C My teacher allowed me to leave early D My teacher permitted me to leave early Provided your handwriting is legible, the examiner will accept your answer A Although the examiner cannot read your handwriting, he will accept your answer B Whatever your handwriting, the examiner will accept your answer C The examiner will accept your answer if your handwriting is beautiful D So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he will accept your answer It is pointless to try to make him change his mind A It is a waste of time trying and making him change his mind B It is a waste of time to try and make him change his mind C There is no time to try to make him change his mind D There is no time trying to make him change his mind I want to know the depth of the river at this point A I want to know how the river is deep at this point B I want to know how deep is the river at this point C I want to know how deep the river is at this point D I want to know how the deep river is at this point It’s a waste of time trying to explain anything to Tony A Tony should be given explanation B It’s not worth trying to explain anything to Tony C To save time, explain it to Tony D It’s well worth trying to explain things to Tony I couldn’t help laughing when he told me that story A I couldn’t resist laughing when he told me that story B I couldn’t help him tell that story C I did not laugh when hearing that story D The story he told me not help at all 10 There’s no point in persuading him to this A He is able to this although he does not want to B It would be useful to persuade him to this C I enjoy persuading him to this 23 D It is useless to persuade him to this Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C PRACTICE TEST 1: 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.D Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions Question They are going to build a supermarket in this area A A supermarket is being built in this area B A supermarket are going to be built in this area C A supermarket is going to be built in this area D A supermarket is going to be build in this area Question He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane A He didn’t miss the plane because he hurried B If he had hurried ,he might catch the plane C If he hurried ,he wouldn’t miss the plane D If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane Question My uncle didn’t recognize me until I spoke A My uncle recognized me until I spoke B Only when my uncle recognized me did I speak C Not until I spoke did my uncle recognize me D When I spoke, my uncle didn’t recognize me Question “No, it’s not true I didn't steal the money!" Jean said A Jean denied having stolen the money B Jean admitted stealing the money C Jean refused to steal the money D Jean did not intend to steal the money Question The students at this school are required to wear uniforms on weekdays A It is this school’s requirement that the students wear uniforms on weekdays B It is at this school’s where the students will have to wear uniforms on weekdays C Wearing uniforms on weekdays are the only requirement for the students at this school D To wear uniforms on weekdays at this school are required for the students Question The sea was too rough for the children to swim in A.The sea was so rough that the children could swim in B.The children couldn't swim because the sea was not rough enough C It was such a rough sea for the children to swim in it D The sea was very rough, and the children could not swim in it Question It was wrong of you not to turn off the gas cooker A You should have turned off the gas cooker 24 B You were wrong to turn off the gas cooker C You were wrong that you turned the gas cooker off D You wrongly turned off the gas cooker Question The book interested me more than the film A In my opinion the film was not as interested as the book B I thought the book was more interesting than the film C In my opinion the film bored me than the book D I thought the book didn’t interest me as the film Question It is a pity you didn't tell us about this A I wish you would tell us about this B I wish you had told us about this C If only you have told us about this D I wish you would have told us about this Question 10 "You should have finished the report by now." John told his secretary A John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report B John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report C John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time D John said that his secretary had not finished the report Question 11 My brother used to smoke a lot A My brother doesn’t smoke anymore B My brother smokes a lot now C My brother gets used to smoking D My brother will give up smoking Question 12 “It was your fault You gave us unclear instructions,” Nam said to his sister A Nam blamed his sister for giving them unclear instructions B Nam admitted having given his sister unclear instructions C Nam accused his sister of giving him clear instructions D Nam denied having given his sister unclear instructions Question 13 Cong Phuong is not such a good player as he used to be A Cong Phuong is a good player as always B This is the first time Cong Phuong has played the best C Cong Phuong used to be a better player than he is now D Cong Phuong plays better than he used to Question 14 It’s no use trying to persuade Tom to change his mind A. There’s no point to try to persuade Tom to change his mind B. It’s useful trying to persuade Tom to change his mind C. It’s worth trying to persuade Tom to change his mind D. It’s a waste of time trying to persuade Tom to change his mind Question 15 “Don't forget to go to the supermarket after work” 25 A He told me that I shouldn't forget to go to the supermarket after work B He reminded me to go to the supermarket after work C He requested me not forget to go to the supermarket after work D He asked me not to forget to go to the supermarket after work Question 16 The court found the man innocent of murdering his wife A The man was judged not guilty of killing his wife B The man was found murdered by his wife C The court found a murdered man and his wife D The court decided that the man had killed his wife Question 17 I haven’t tried this kind of food before A It’s a long time since I tried this kind of food B I have tried this kind of food many times C This is the first time I had tried this kind of food D This is the first time I have tried this kind of food Question 18 “I’ll speak calmly I really will!”, he said A He offered to speak calmly B He reminded me to speak calmly C He promised to speak calmly D He refused to speak calmly Question 19 We had no sooner got to know our neighbors than they moved away A Soon after we got to know our new neighbors, we stopped having contact with them B If our new neighbors had stayed longer, we would have got to know them better C Once we had got used to our new neighbors, they moved somewhere else D Hardly had we become acquainted with our new neighbors when they went somewhere else to live Question 20 As television programmes become more popular, they seem to get worse A The worse television programmes seem to be, the more popular it will become B The popular television programmes become better and better C The more popular television programmes become, the worse they seem to get D The most popular television programmes become worse and worse Question 21 “If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill your boy,” the kidnappers told us A The kidnappers offered to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom B The kidnappers threatened to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom C AThe kidnappers ordered them to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom D The kidnappers promised to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom Question 22 People say that Mr Goldman gave nearly a million pounds to charity last year A Mr Goldman is said to have given nearly a million pounds to charity last year 26 B Mr Goldman was said to have given nearly a million pounds to charity last year C Nearly a million pounds was said to have been given to charity by Mr Goldman last year D Nearly a million pounds is said to be given to charity by Mr Goldman last year Question 23 The family find it difficult to manage on the money they have A It is difficult for the family to get by on the money they have B The family could manage on the money they have C It is difficult for them to earn money D The family managed to earn enough money Question 24 It is said that he has broken several world records A People said that he has obtained several world records B He is said to have broken several world records C It is said that several world records has been destroyed by him D He is said that he has broken several world records Question 25 He was such a bright student that he could solve all the math problems A He was not bright enough to solve all the math problems B He was so intelligent that he could solve all the math problems C The math problems were too difficult for him to solve D All the math problems were so bright that he could solve them Keys: 1.C 11.A 21.B 2.D 12.A 22.A 3.C 13.C 23.A 4.A 14.D 24.B 5.A 15.B 25.B 6.D 16.A 7.A 17.D 8.B 18.C 9.B 19.D 10.B 20.C PRACTICE TEST 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions Question The last time I went to the museum was a year ago A I have not been to the museum for a year B A year ago, I often went to the museum C My going to the museum lasted a year D At last I went to the museum after a year Question Many people think Steve stole the money A It was not Steve who stole the money B Steve is thought to have stolen the money C Many people think the money is stolen by Steve D The money is thought to be stolen by Steve 27 Question I am very interested in the book you lent me last week A The book is interesting enough for you to lend me last week B It was the interesting book which you lent me last week C The book which you lent me last week is too interesting to read D The book that you lent me last week interests me a lot Question It's a long time since we last went to the cinema A We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time B We have been to the cinema for a long time C We don't go to the cinema as we used to D We wish we went to the cinema now Question You should take regular exercises instead of sitting in front of the television all day A Sitting in front of the television all day helps you take regular exercises B Sitting in front of the television all day and taking exercises are advisable C Taking regular exercises is better than sitting in front of the television all day D Don’t take regular exercises; just sit in front of the television all day Question Without my teacher’s advice, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition A If it hadn’t been for my teacher’s advice, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition B If my tutor hadn’t advised me, I would have participated in the competition C Had my teacher advised me, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition D If my teacher didn’t advised me, I wouldn’t have participated in the competition Question It is believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb A They believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb B A buried treasure is believed that was hidden in the tomb C A buried treasure is believed to hide in the tomb D A buried treasure is believed to have been hidden in the tomb Question “If you touch my bike again, I’ll tell mother”, said my elder brother A My elder brother threatened to tell mother if I touched his bike again B My elder brother said that he will tell mother if I touched his bike again C My elder brother advised me to tell mother if I touched his bike again D My elder brother tried to convince me that touching his bike again is not allowed Question The level of unemployment in this area is said to be far higher than anywhere else in the country A This area is worse than the rest of the country, especially in terms of the quality of work that get done 28 B People believe that the lack of work is not so keen in the rest of the country as it is in this area C Because of its position, this region has fewer jobs on offer than other places in the country D People say that there is a much higher rate of unemployment in this area than elsewhere in the country Question 10 I have every intention of finding out who is responsible for the graffiti A I fully intend to find out who is responsible for the graffiti B I have many intentions of finding out who is responsible for the graffiti C Who is responsible for the graffiti is not my concern D I am not interested in the graffiti Question 11 The man wore gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints A The man wore gloves in order that his fingerprints would be taken B His fingerprints would not be left unless the man wore gloves C In order to leave some fingerprints the man took off his gloves D The man wore gloves so that he would not leave any fingerprints Question 12 She didn’t shed a tear as the play ended in tragedy A The tragedy play wasn’t good for her to shed tear B Without her tear, the play didn’t end tragically C So tragic was the play that she didn’t shed a tear D Not a tear did she shed when the play ended in tragedy Question 13 In spite of his poverty, he led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause A He could not devote his life to the revolutionary cause because of his poverty B If he had not been so poor, he could have devoted his life to the revolutionary cause C Poor as he was, he led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause D He led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause, but he was so poor Question 14 It's ages since I last saw a Hollywood film A I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago C I haven't seen a Hollywood film for a long time B I haven't seen any Hollywood films before D It's ages because I last saw a Hollywood film Question 15 Housewives don’t have to spend a lot of time doing housework any more A Housework will never be done by housewives any more B Housewives have to spend more and more time to housework C Never have housewives spent as much time doing housework as they now D No longer housewives have to spend a lot of time doing housework 29 Question 16 Without transportation, our modern society could not exist A Our modern society could not exist if there is no transportation B Our modern society will not exist without having transportation C If there were no transportation, our modern society would not exist D If transportation no longer exists, our modern society will not exist Question 17 "Don't go near that deserted house." David said to me A David advised me not going near that deserted house     B David insisted me going near that deserted house C David warned me against going near that deserted house D David suggested me not to going near that deserted house Question 18 It was so noisy that nothing could be heard A It was too noisy to hear nothing B It was too noisy for anything to hear C It was too noisy for nothing to be heard D It was too noisy to hear anything Question 19 Bob said that my new hairstyle was nice A Bob thought much of my new hairstyle B Bob congratulated me on my new hairstyle C Bob complimented me on my new hairstyle D My new hairstyle was nice, said Bob Question 20 I’m sure Luisa was very disappointed when she failed the exam A Luisa must be very disappointed when she failed the exam B Luisa must have been very disappointed when she failed the exam C Luisa may be very disappointed when she failed the exam D Luisa could have been very disappointed when she failed the exam Question 21 There is very little chance of them winning the game A It is very likely that they will win the game B There is likelihood that they will little win the game C It is highly likely that they will not win the game D They have none chances of winning the game Question 22 It was your assistance that enabled us to get achievement A But for your assistance, we could not have got achievement B Your assistance discouraged us from get achievement C If you assisted us, we could not get achievement D Without your assistance, we could get achievement Question 23 “Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Peter asked me 30 A Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help B Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help C Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help D Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help Question 24 Garnet could not get the job because she did not speak English well A Despite her poor English, Garnet was successful in the job B Garnet wishes she had got the job so that she could speak English well C Garnet would have spoken English well if she could get that job D Garnet failed to get the job because of her poor English Question 25 It wasn’t necessary that I went out after all A I must not have gone out after all B I needn’t have gone out after all C I should have gone out after all D I didn’t need to have gone out after all Keys: 1.A 11.D 21.C 2.B 12.D 22.A 3.D 13.C 23.A 4.A 14.C 24.D 5.C 15.D 25.B 6.A 16.C 7.D 17.C 8.A 18.D 9.D 19.C 10.A 20.B Đánh giá tính hiệu đề tài Trong năm học 2018 – 2019, để kiểm nghiệm tính hiệu đề tài, sau học sinh học phần từ vựng ngữ pháp bản, tiến hành hướng dẫn học sinh phương pháp làm chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho Chúng ta thấy tác động tích cực đề tài nhìn vào bảng thống kê sau đây: Bảng 1: Điểm trung bình kiểm tra phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho lớp 12A2 (thực nghiệm) 12A1 (đối chứng) Lớp Điểm trước tác động Điểm sau tác động Thực nghiệm -12A2 5.22 6.29 5.13 5.26 (40 HS) Đối chứng - 12A1 (38 HS) Sau ôn tập phần từ vựng ngữ pháp bản, học sinh hai lớp làm PRACTICE TEST theo hình thức chọn câu gần nghĩa, điểm số trung bình hai lớp gần tương đương Tuy nhiên, với lớp thực nghiệm 12A2, tiến hành hướng dẫn cụ thể bước 31 làm hệ thống hóa cấu trúc thường sử dụng phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa, học sinh luyện tập mẫu câu Kết làm PRACTICE TEST lớp 12A2 cao lớp đối chứng 12A1 1.03 điểm III PHẦN KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ Tóm tắt trình nghiên cứu Căn vào đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh kết kiểm tra học sinh, nghiên cứu phương pháp giúp học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho Các tài liệu liên quan đến đề tài tập hợp nghiên cứu nhằm đưa sở khoa học Các thơng tin khó khăn học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa thu thập thông qua bảng hỏi trao đổi với đồng nghiệp Các cấu trúc câu thường sử dụng để diễn tả ý tương đương liệt kê theo nhóm, kèm theo tập để học sinh thực hành ghi nhớ Tính hiệu đề tài đánh giá phương pháp quan sát tiến học sinh, so sánh kết học tập với lớp đối chứng Ý nghĩa đề tài Đề tài mang lại lợi ích cho giáo viên Tiếng Anh cho em học sinh 2.1 Đối với giáo viên Tiếng Anh Đề tài giúp giáo viên nhìn nhận khó khăn học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa Bên cạnh đó, giáo viên sử dụng đề tài tư liệu q trình ơn thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh cho học sinh 2.2 Đối với học sinh Các em học sinh chia sẻ khó khăn làm Hơn nữa, với việc nắm bước làm dạng chọn câu đồng nghĩa, ghi nhớ cấu trúc mang ý nghĩa tương đương cách hệ thống luyện tập tập trắc nghiệm định dạng đề thi THPT quốc gia kèm, em học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho Qua việc củng cố cách hệ thống, em nắm phần học để nâng cao điểm số Những hạn chế đề tài Thứ nhất, đề tài chưa hệ thống đầy đủ hết cấu trúc cụm từ mang nghĩa tương đương Thứ hai, hệ thống tập chưa thật phong phú Những nội dung cần tiếp tục nghiên cứu 32 Đề tài nên mở rộng phạm vi với nhiều giáo viên tham gia, tăng số lượng lớp đối chứng thực nghiệm nhằm nâng cao tính xác thực Cần có thêm luyện tập tổng hợp khác để học sinh luyện tập Có thể bổ sung phần hướng dẫn giải chi tiết để học sinh tự học PHỤ LỤC PHIẾU THĂM DÒ Ý KIẾN Em nhận xét phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho đề THPT quốc gia? Rất dễ Dễ Trung bình Khó Rất khó Em nêu khó khăn em gặp phải làm phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… 33 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Nguyễn Hữu Chương (2009) “Đối chiếu số loại câu đồng nghĩa tiếng Việt tiếng Anh” http://khoavanhoc-ngonngu.edu.vn/nghien-cuu/ngon-ngu-hoc/186-i-chiu-mt-s-loi-caung-ngha-gia-ting-vit-va-ting-anh.html Đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm từ 2016 đến 2019 “Những cấu trúc ngữ pháp đồng nghĩa Tiếng Anh” https://loga.vn/bai-viet/nhung-cau-truc-ngu-phap-dong-nghia-trong-tieng-anh-3556 “18 cấu trúc gặp viết lại câu tiếng Anh” https://vnexpress.net/giao-duc/18-cau-truc-co-the-gap-trong-bai-viet-lai-cau-tieng-anh3418123.html Phân tích ma trận đề thi Tiếng Anh THPT quốc gia 2019 https://megabook.vn/tin-tuc/giao-duc/phan-tich-ma-tran-de-thi-tieng-anh-thpt-quocgia-2019-p151 34 ... phải làm phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa - Giới thi? ??u phương pháp để học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu đồng nghĩa đề thi THPT quốc gia - Áp dụng phương pháp vào lớp 12 trường để tìm tính hiệu sáng kiến Phương. .. học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho đề thi THPT quốc gia? ?? cho sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Đề tài nghiên cứu nhằm tìm hiểu khó khăn mà học sinh gặp phải làm phần chọn. .. cứu Căn vào đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh kết kiểm tra học sinh, nghiên cứu phương pháp giúp học sinh làm tốt phần chọn câu gần nghĩa với câu cho Các tài liệu liên quan đến đề tài tập hợp