Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm y tế đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số (nghiên cứu thực tế tại tỉnh Lào Cai)Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm y tế đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số (nghiên cứu thực tế tại tỉnh Lào Cai)Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm y tế đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số (nghiên cứu thực tế tại tỉnh Lào Cai)Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm y tế đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số (nghiên cứu thực tế tại tỉnh Lào Cai)Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm y tế đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số (nghiên cứu thực tế tại tỉnh Lào Cai)Thực hiện chính sách bảo hiểm y tế đối với đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số (nghiên cứu thực tế tại tỉnh Lào Cai)
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES - NGUYEN VAN HUAN IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH INSURANCE POLICIES FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES (CASE STUDY IN LAO CAI PROVINCE) SUMMARY OF PUBLIC POLICY THESIS HANOI – 2022 Work completed at: VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Supervisor: Dr Nguyen Duc Truyen Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Song Ha Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Quang Hoan Reviewer 2: Dr Nguyen The Vinh Reviewer 3: Prof Dr Tran Trung The thesis will be defended before the Academy-level Thesis Judging Committee meeting at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi at (hour) date month year 2022 The thesis can also be found at: - Vietnam National Library - Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library - INTRODUCTION Urgency of the topic In the cause of protecting and taking care of people's health, implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is a task that the Party and State always pay special attention to However, besides the achievements, the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is also revealing limitations that need to be overcome Lao Cai is a mountainous province with a diversity in ethnic composition and culture Besides the achievements in implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities, Lao Cai is also facing difficulties that need to be overcome With the desire to make contributions to improving the effectiveness of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities, I have chosen the topic "Implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities", as the topic of my doctoral thesis major in Public policies Research objectives and tasks of the thesis 2.1 Research objectives of the thesis On the basis of systematizing and clarifying theoretical issues, analyzing the current situation and evaluating the results of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities (from practice in Lao Cai province), the thesis proposes viewpoints, directions and policies solutions to better implement health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in the next period 2.2 Research tasks of the thesis - Systematize and review research works related to the topic's content; - Clarifying the general theoretical issues of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the perspective of public policies; - Analyze the current situation and evaluate the results of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities (practical study in Lao Cai province); - From the perspective of public policies, propose appropriate viewpoints and solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in the next period Research objects and scope of the thesis 3.1 Research objects of the thesis The research object of the thesis is the policies and organization of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province 3.2 Research scope of the thesis - In terms of content: The thesis focuses on researching theoretical and practical issues on the organization and implementation of health insurance policies (process and result of implementation of health insurance policies) for ethnic minorities from the perspective of public policies - About time: The research contents (theory and practice) are limited by the thesis from 2014 - the time when the Law on Health Insurance was amended and supplemented from 2014 to 2021 - About location: + Ethnic minority areas in Vietnam as demarcated by the Government; + Lao Cai province: Lao Cai is a mountainous border province, with a natural area of 6364 km2; It borders Ha Giang province to the - east, Yen Bai province to the south, Lai Chau province to the west, and Yunnan province - China to the north with a 203 km border The population as of April 1, 2019 of Lao Cai province is 730,420 people, of which 483,654 are ethnic minorities, accounting for over 66.2% [112] The province has 152 communes belonging to districts, town and city, divided into: Region I: There are 25 communes; Area II: There are 37 communes/166 villages with special difficulties; Area III: There are 102 communes/841 villages with special difficulties Research methodology and method of the thesis 4.1 Research methodology of the thesis The thesis is based on the basic methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism in the study of social life, the state, policies, public policies, social policies and health insurance policies In addition, the thesis is also based on the system of guidelines and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on ethnic minority policies and implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities 4.2 Research method of the thesis Firstly: method of document analysis This method is used to make the most of the system of documents and research results related to the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities In which, focus is on analyzing documents related to: (i) guidelines and guidelines of the Party, policies and laws of the State on the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities, (ii) research works on implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in general and in Lao Cai province in particular, (iii) reports, data, - statistical yearbooks at central and local levels on the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities, etc Secondly: ethnographic fieldwork method - The purpose of this method is to obtain rich and detailed data on health system practices and beneficiaries of health insurance policies of ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province on the basis of contact with EM people at the sites, through recording and observation, etc Fieldwork area: Y Ty commune, Bat Xat district and Tan Thuong commune, Van Ban district Time for fieldwork: days/commune Thirdly: survey method by questionnaire - The purpose of using this method is to collect information of the subjects to reinforce the thesis's statements The survey content focuses on the following aspects: health status, selection of medical examination and treatment places, forms and methods of treatment, assessment of the quality of medical examination and treatment covered by health insurance of ethnic minorities; the support of subjects for ethnic minorities in medical examination and treatment covered by health insurance; Expectations of ethnic minorities about health insurance policies in the coming time, etc - Research objects: + Ethnic minorities living in ethnic minority areas + Medical officers and staff working in ethnic minority areas - Sampling method and structure: The thesis uses a random convenient sampling method 185 votes were distributed and 181 votes were collected - Data processing techniques: Data was processed by SPSS software New scientific contributions of the thesis Firstly, the thesis has systematized and evaluated the research works related to the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the perspective of public policies; Secondly, the thesis has continued to clarify the general theoretical issues of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the perspective of public policies approach The thesis continues to clarify the concepts of "implementation of public policies", "implementation of health insurance policies" and "implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities"; the role of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; The process of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; The system of subjects implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities, etc.; Thirdly, the thesis has evaluated and analyzed the current situation and problems posed in the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities In which, the results and issues are raised related to the subject system, the implementation, inspection and propaganda of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; Fourthly, the thesis has proposed viewpoints, orientations and solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in the next period The basic solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities are emphasized by the thesis: Renovate and perfect policies contents, improve organizational and implementation efficiency, improve service quality, renovate financial mechanism and promote policies propaganda, etc Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical significance The research results of the thesis continue to contribute to clarifying the general theoretical issues (concepts, roles and contents) on the implementation of public policies and health insurance policies in general as well as the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the perspective of public policies 6.2 Practical significance The assessment and analysis of the actual implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the reality of Lao Cai province can help managers and researchers have more specific perspectives on the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in our country today The viewpoints and solutions given by the thesis are suggestions for management agencies in building, renovating and perfecting the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in practice In addition, the thesis can be used as a reference for those interested in this field Thesis structure In addition to the introduction, conclusions and recommendations, list of references and appendices, the thesis includes chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research scenario; Chapter 2: Theoretical issues for the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; Chapter 3: Actual situation of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the reality of Lao Cai province; Chapter 4: Proposing viewpoints, orientations and solutions to implement health insurance policies for ethnic minorities - Chapter RESEARCH SITUATION OVERVIEW 1.1 Research work on implementing public policies and health insurance policies for ethnic minorities 1.1.1 Research work on public policies implementation In recent years, the issues of public policies and public policies implementation are topics that have attracted a lot of attention from both scholars and managers Notable works can be mentioned such as: “Planning and analyzing public policies” (Statistics Publishing House, 2002) by Nguyen Huu Hai and Pham Thu Lan; "Basic issues of policies and policies process" (Ho Chi Minh City National University Publishing House, 2000) by Le Chi Mai; "Public Policies Science" (National Program Publishing House, 1999) by Ho Ngoc Minh; "Public Policies" (Information and Communication Publishing House, 2014) by Pham Quy Tho, Nguyen Xuan Nhat; "Public Policies: Theory and Practice" (Judicial Publishing House, 2017) by Cao Quoc Hoang, Nguyen Do Kien; "Public policies of the United States" (Statistics Publishing House, 2001) translated by author Le Vinh Danh; etc 1.1.2 Research project on implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Among the studies on the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from the perspective of public policies can be mentioned: "Contributing to perfecting the model of medical care and treatment with health insurance at commune health stations" by Luong Ngoc Khue (Medical Publishing House, 2011); “Overview of relevant health programs and orientation towards sustainable poverty reduction for the people” by Vu Hoang Lan et al (Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, 2015); Report “Towards universal health insurance coverage in Vietnam – Assessment and solutions” (World Bank, 2014) by Aparnaa Somanathan et al., etc 1.1.3 Research project on ethnic minorities and health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province Among the relevant research works on ethnic minorities and health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province, some typical works can be mentioned such as: Doctoral thesis in History "The process of economic and social changes in Lao Cai province from 1991 to 2010" by Nguyen Thi Nguyen (VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities); Doctoral thesis in Economics "Improving Livelihoods for Ethnic Minority Households in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam" by Kim Sun Ho (Vietnam National University of Agriculture); Report "Analysis of the situation of children in Lao Cai province" jointly implemented by People's Committee of Lao Cai province and Unicef (Hanoi, 2016); Five-year summary report (2007-2011): “Poverty monitoring by participatory method in some rural communities in Vietnam” (2013) implemented by Oxfam Vietnam and Actionaid in provinces across the country, including Bac Ha district, Lao Cai province 1.2 Evaluation and information that need further research 1.2.1 Evaluation of the research situation Firstly: In general, the research works aim to analyze the system of guidelines, policies and the current state of health insurance policies of the state for ethnic minorities; Secondly: Studies on the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities have continued to contribute to clarifying awareness and pointing out issues of concern about ensuring health insurance for ethnic minorities in Vietnam However, studies on implementing health - and propagate policies; Capacity to assign and coordinate policies implementation; Capacity to maintain and adjust policies; Capacity to monitor, urge and inspect policies implementation; Capacity to evaluate and summarize policies implementation; 2.2 Theoretical basis for implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities 2.2.1 Health insurance policies concept and implementation Health insurance policies is a mechanism and resource implemented by the State to prevent, limit and overcome health risks for people when they have health care needs or are sick Implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is the process by which actors deploy activities and allocate resources to realize goals and contents of health insurance policies Ethnic minorities are ethnic groups with a smaller population than the majority in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2.2.2 The role of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities: Firstly, the implementation of health insurance policies contributes to ensuring social security and equity in health care for ethnic minorities; Secondly, the implementation of health insurance policies contributes to the promotion of socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas; Thirdly, the implementation of health insurance policies helps ethnic minorities manage risks in life; Fourthly, the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities has profound social and humanistic meanings 2.2.3 The process of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities * The period before 2008 The process of implementing the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities in the period before 2008 has the common feature that the new regimes only stop for employees working in the state sector The legal system on health insurance and the apparatus for implementing the health insurance policy have gradually been renewed and improved to meet the requirements of reality * The period from 2008 to present The period from 2008 to now has marked a difference compared to the previous period in the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities with the introduction of the Law on Health Insurance to replace the previous regulations on health insurance 2.2.4 The system of subjects implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities To ensure fairness and sustainability in the implementation of the health insurance policy and create the best health care conditions for ethnic minorities, the law on health insurance has regulated the roles and responsibilities of the subjects in the implementation on health insurance policy in general, in which the subjects are ethnic minorities Specifically, according to the Law on Health Insurance, the Government performs the unified state management of health insurance The Ministry of Health is responsible to the Government for performing the state management of health insurance Ministries and ministerial-level agencies shall, within the ambit of their tasks and powers, coordinate with the Ministry of Health in performing the state management of health insurance At the same time, People's - Committees at all levels, within the ambit of their tasks and powers, perform the state management of health insurance in their localities Vietnam Social Insurance is an agency under the Government and is an agency that directly directs, advises and organizes the implementation of health insurance policies in general and health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in particular Brief conclusion of chapter Health insurance policy and implementation of health insurance policy for ethnic minorities play a very important role in the implementation process They are influenced by subjective and objective factors The implementation of the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities that has the participation of all actors in the political system is organized from central to local levels - Chapter - ACTUAL SITUATION OF IMPLEMENTING HEALTH INSURANCE POLICIES FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES FROM THE REALITY OF LAO CAI PROVINCE 3.1 General overview of socio-economic conditions and ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province 3.1.1 General overview of socio-economic conditions in Lao Cai province Lao Cai is a mountainous border province that is located in the Northwest of Vietnam The province has a natural area of 6364 km2 with 483,654 ethnic minorities that accounts for over 66.2% The rate of people participating in health insurance is approximately 99% Child protection and child care have achieved many results The rate of children under years of age malnourished with body weight over the age of 18%, 1.9% lower compared to 2015 The number of doctors per 10,000 people reached 12.3; hospital beds per ten thousand people reached 41.1 Health network developed from province to village Investment in facilities and equipment is enhanced Provincial and district hospitals are also invested in upgrading The basic medical station meets the national set of medical criteria 3.1.2 Overview of ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province Located in the Northwest mountainous region, Lao Cai is a border province and home to 33 ethnic minorities As of October 1, 2019, the population of ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province was 483,654 people, accounting for over 66.2% of the province's population The majority of ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province live in border areas and remote areas These are all areas with strategic - positions in socio-economic development and national defense and security assurance 3.2 Results of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province 3.2.1 Overview of the system of subjects implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province The system of entities can be arranged into two main groups: 1) The system of state administrative agencies; 2) The system of agencies in the social insurance Firstly: The system of state administrative agencies Provincial People's Committee; Department of Health of Lao Cai province; Department of Finance and Department of Planning and Investment of Lao Cai province; District People's Committee, etc Subjects have assignment and coordination in implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Secondly, the system of agencies in the social insurance.: Lao Cai province social insurance; Social insurance at district level Regarding the process of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province: Step 1: Issuing health insurance cards; Step 2: Organizing medical examination and treatment covered by health insurance; Step 3: Paying medical examination and treatment expenses covered by health insurance 3.2.2 The implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities - Issuing health insurance cards for ethnic minorities - Performing medical examination and treatment with health insurance - Ensuring the quality of medical examination and treatment covered by health insurance - Performing reform of administrative procedures in medical examination and treatment covered by health insurance; - Ensuring finance to implement health insurance policies for ethnic minorities 3.2.3 Actual situation of inspection and supervision of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities The inspection of the implementation of the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities is particularly emphasized in Lao Cai province The inspection content focuses on the observance of the Law on Health Insurance and the issuance of health insurance cards to ethnic minorities in accordance with the law 3.2.4 Actual situation of propaganda on health insurance policies for ethnic minorities The propaganda on health insurance for ethnic minorities has been deployed by Lao Cai province in a variety of forms and contents that is suitable to the conditions and development level of the local ethnic minorities Propaganda method combines synchronously types: oral propaganda, propaganda on mass media, visual propaganda and cultural and artistic propaganda, etc 3.2.5 Evaluation of the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province Firstly: The health insurance policy for ethnic minorities is promulgated and implemented fully and promptly by the subjects; Secondly: Health insurance policy for ethnic minorities is implemented uniformly, synchronously that ensures effectiveness and efficiency; Thirdly: Implementing the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities has contributed to promoting socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas in Lao Cai province; 3.3 - - Fourthly: Health insurance policy for ethnic minorities directly contributes to ensure social security in ethnic minority areas Some limitations in the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province The system of subjects implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; - The implementation of the health insurance policy; Financial sources to implement health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; Propaganda and implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Brief conclusion of chapter - Over the years, the ability to access and provide quality medical services to the people has been increasingly enhanced; health insurance coverage rate for ethnic minorities is nearly 100%, etc However, the process of implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is still overlapping and unsustainable - Chapter PROPOSING VIEWPOINTS, ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPLEMENT HEALTH INSURANCE POLICIES FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES 4.1 Viewpoints and orientations for the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities 4.1.1 Viewpoints on implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities - Implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities must be associated with socio-economic development policies in ethnic minority areas; - Implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is an investment in people and sustainable development; - Implementation of the health insurance policies for ethnic minorities must ensure fairness, efficiency and development; - The State plays a leading role in implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; - Implementation of the health insurance policies for ethnic minorities should pay attention to the specificity of socio-economic development level, ethnic culture and focus on improving the capacity of ethnic minorities in enjoying health insurance in maximum level 4.1.2 Orientation for implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities - It is necessary to continue to improve the legal basis; - It is necessary to continue to improve the organizational apparatus system; - It is necessary to continue renewing health insurance finance; - It is necessary to improve propaganda effectiveness 4.2 Solutions for implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities 4.2.1 Renovating and perfecting health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Researching, amending and supplementing legal documents on health insurance and other relevant legal documents; Issuing a decision to synchronize the list of techniques as a basis for implementing medical examination and treatment covered by health insurance; Completing legal regulations to ensure the mechanism for health insurance participants to access health services at the grassroots health level 4.2.2 Improving the efficiency of organization and implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Strengthening and improving the capacity of the state management system on the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities from central to local levels (province, district, commune); Strengthening inspection and supervision of the organization and implementation of health insurance policies; Administrative procedure reform in medical care; Securing medical human resources 4.2.3 Improving the quality of health insurance services for ethnic minorities Strengthening facilities, equipment and human resources to ensure the provision of medical services; Developing professional technical standards and facilities and equipment to meet the initial medical examination and treatment needs of the insured; Promoting primary health care; Creating a mechanism to encourage ethnic minorities to participate in health insurance to register for initial - medical treatment and health insurance at the nearest place; Effectively implementing the satellite hospital network; Strengthening human resource training and technology transfer to lower levels 4.2.4 Renovating the financial mechanism for implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Promoting investment in health, especially in grassroots health; Rapidly increasing the proportion of state budget spending on health; Prioritizing funding to implement health care policies for ethnic minorities; Prioritizing budget allocation to mountainous, remote and isolated areas with budget allocation norms per capita is 2.5 to times higher than that of the plains; Promoting socialization of health care activities for ethnic minorities through health insurance 4.2.5 Promoting propaganda on health insurance policies for ethnic minorities Promoting propaganda work; Guiding the implementation of legal documents on health insurance for ethnic minorities in various forms that is suitable to the habits and conditions of residence, livelihood, awareness level of the people ethnic minorities and suitable to the actual conditions of the locality and unit Brief conclusion of chapter On point of view: 1) Implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities must contribute to ensuring social security and create motivation for socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas of our country; 2): Investing in the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is an investment in people and sustainable socio-economic development; 3) Implementation of the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities must ensure fairness, - efficiency and development; 4) The State plays a leading role in implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; 5) Implementation of health insurance policy for ethnic minorities should pay attention to the specificity of socio-economic development level, ethnic culture and focus on improving the capacity of ethnic minorities in enjoying health insurance in maximum level On orientation: The orientation for implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is to continue to perfect the legal basis for health insurance, perfect the organizational apparatus for implementing policies from central to grassroots levels, focus on solutions to reform financial health insurance and raise people's awareness about health insurance, etc On solutions: 1) Innovating and perfecting the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities; 2) Improving the effectiveness of organization and implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; 3) Improving the quality of health insurance services for ethnic minorities; 4) Renovating the financial mechanism to implement the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities; 5) Promoting propaganda and dissemination of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities - CONCLUSION Implementing the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities is the State's support for ethnic minorities in difficult and especially difficult areas to buy health insurance cards to pay medical expenses In addition, it is also the state's help to people to access and use health services more easily, improving the efficiency of people's health care in general and ethnic minorities in particular in the direction of fairness and efficiency, quality and sustainable development Lao Cai is a border province and home to 33 ethnic minorities In recent years, Lao Cai has achieved very encouraging results in increasing the number of ethnic minorities participating in health insurance and gradually approaching the goal of universal health insurance However, the effectiveness of the implementation of the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities in the province is still limited From the actual implementation of the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province, in order to improve the effectiveness of the health insurance policy in ethnic minorities throughout the country, it is necessary to have the following basic awareness and solutions: On point of view: 1) Implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities must contribute to ensuring social security and create motivation for socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas of our country; 2): Investing in the implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities is an investment in people and sustainable socio-economic development; 3) Implementation of the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities must ensure fairness, efficiency and development; 4) The State plays a leading role in implementing health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; 5) - Implementation of health insurance policy for ethnic minorities should pay attention to the specificity of socio-economic development level, ethnic culture and focus on improving the capacity of ethnic minorities in enjoying health insurance in maximum level On orientation: The State needs to continue to improve the legal basis, especially the law on health insurance The State also needs to perfect the organizational apparatus for implementing policies from the central to grassroots levels, focusing on solutions to renovating health insurance finance in the direction of decentralization, empowerment and fairness for medical examination and treatment facilities From there, the awareness of ethnic minorities about the role, meaning and regulations of the health insurance policy, etc will be enhanced On solutions: 1) Renovating and perfecting the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities; 2) Improving the effectiveness of organization and implementation of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities; 3) Improving the quality of health insurance services for ethnic minorities; 4) Renovating the financial mechanism to implement the health insurance policy for ethnic minorities; 5) Promoting propaganda and dissemination of health insurance policies for ethnic minorities - LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS - 2016 The impact of urbanization on the lives of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands (co-author), Ethnic Magazine, No 186, p 2325; 2016 Reality of life of ethnic minorities in Hoa Phu in the process of urbanization and problems posed (co-author), Ethnic Magazine, No 187, p 26-28; 2018 Some aspects of the implementation of health insurance policies in ethnic minority areas today (author), Journal of Human Resources and Social Sciences, No 05, p 77-82; 2019 Implementation of health insurance policy associated with sustainable development of ethnic minority areas in Lao Cai province, (author), Regional Sustainable Development Magazine, Vol 9, No (6), p 109-117; 2020 Monographs: Ensuring basic social services for ethnic minorities in Vietnam (co-author), National Political Publishing House, 2020; 2020 Self-reported non-communicable diseases and associated socio-demographic status among ethnic minority populations in Vietnam (co-author), Health Psychology Open, July- December 2020 ... Cai province Firstly: The health insurance policy for ethnic minorities is promulgated and implemented fully and promptly by the subjects; Secondly: Health insurance policy for ethnic minorities... observation, etc Fieldwork area: Y Ty commune, Bat Xat district and Tan Thuong commune, Van Ban district Time for fieldwork: days/commune Thirdly: survey method by questionnaire - The purpose of... some typical works can be mentioned such as: Doctoral thesis in History "The process of economic and social changes in Lao Cai province from 1991 to 2010" by Nguyen Thi Nguyen (VNU University of