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Chirong 3: Xu hirong chuyen dich cc cau kinh te tinh Khanh Hoa giai doan 2010 den
3.3. Mot so giai phap chu yeu thiic day chuyen djch cacau kinh te giai doan 2010
la ddng lye quan trpng thiic d4y qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda d tinh Khanh Hda, ddng thdi hd trp cac dia phuang trong viing phat triin.
Thii sau, cac lpi thi canh tranh ciia Khanh Hda nhu Nha Trang, Cam Ranh
va Van Phong la lpi thi ty nhien, nlu mudn khai thac diing tkm vdi lpi thi do va trpng tam vao phat triin dich vu cin phai cd nhimg ddi tac dku tu chiln lupc, cd kha nang thu hiit ngudn vdn tir nhiing dii tac thir ckp manh tren thi gidi. Mudn cd
dupe dieu dd, cSn cd nhiing thay ddi ldn trong each tilp can, trong each ban hanh va thyc thi ca che mdi. De lam dupe dieu dd, can phai cd thdi gian va ngudn vdn. Vi vay, trong giai doan 2010-2020, viec tap trung vao diu tu phat triin dich vu la chua hien thyc.
Thii bay, viec dau tu dan trai va phat triin tiem tiln la mpt phuang an cd thi dien ra neu khdng cd nhimg dinh hudng phii hop thyc tl. Tuy nhien, nlu dl phuang an (kich ban) nay xay ra, co cau kinh tl Khanh Hda se tiem tiln ty nhien theo hudng tang cudng ea cdng nghiep va dich vu ddng thdi vdi viec giam ty trpng nganh ndng nghiep. Tuy nhien, tinh the nay se lam triet tieu nhiing lpi the ty nhien, lpi the tuyet ddi eua Khanh Hda va dan den lang phi ngudn lye.
Nhu vay, viec lya chpn kich ban 2 trong bdi canh hien tai la phii hop. Phuang an nay se tap trung ngudn lye trong trung han de tien hanh nang cao nang lye npi sinh nen kinh te, nang lye san xuat, tang ty le dd thi hda ciia Khanh Hda de danh siic bat eho giai doan 2020 trd di. Tuy nhien, phai ludn y thiic rang viec phat trien cdng nghiep frong giai doan 2010-2020 khdng dupe vi pham den lpi the ty nhien cua Khanh Hda la phat frien dich vu, du lich, cac hoat dpng hau can mang tam CO qudc te.
3.3. Mot so giai phap chu yeu thiic day chuyen djch ca cau kinh te giai doan 2010 - 2020 doan 2010 - 2020
D I cd the thyc hien dupe kjch ban 2, mdt he thdng cac giai phap can dupe dua vao thyc hien. Trong bdi canh hien tai, mdt sd giai phap khdng chi la ciia Khanh Hda ma la chung eho ca nen kinh te cd the dupe de cap nhu la nhdm cac
giai pnap chung. Ben canh dd, mdt sd giai phap rieng cua Khanh Hda cQng nhu viec td chirc thyc hien cac giai phap nhu la tien dl thanh cdng eua cac giai phap cung dupe dl cap din.
3.3.1. Gidi phdp chung
3.3.1.1. Gidi phdp vi cdng nghiep hda - hien dgi hda
(i) Day manh thu hiit nsudn vdn ddu tu, huong vao cdc muc tieu chuyin dich CO cdu kinh ti trons nen kinh te
Dat trpng tam nang cao tac ddng cua vdn den chuyen dich ea cau kinh te. Trudc het, viec sii dung hieu qua ngudn vdn ngan sach vao nhiing cdng trinh, theo mpt ca cau thich hop se la mdt giai phap quan trpng thu hut cac ngudn vdn khac ciing dau tu hudng theo muc tieu chuyen dich ca cau kinh te trong thdi gian tdi. Cac chuang trinh dau tu cua Nha nude can dupe xem xet va xay dyng va ra soat chat che. Vdn dau tu thudc ngan sach nha nude va vdn tin dung uu dai se tap trung vao phat trien co sd ha tang; hd trp cho viec ddi mdi va ap dung cac cdng nghe hien dai vao chuyen dich ca cau kinh te trong timg vung, timg nganh. Tang ngudn vdn
tin dung dau tu uu dai (lai suat 0%) de thyc hien kien cd hoa kenh muang ndi ddng,
xay dyng ea sd ha tang lang nghe, nudi trdng thuy san va giao thdng ndng thdn; cho vay tin dung dau tu dl nang cap va xay dyng mdi cac co sd che bien theo hudng hien dai, trang bi lai cac ca sd cdng nghiep ed lpi the de thiic day nhanh chdng chuyin djch co cau timg san pham. Dau tu vao cac viing kinh te ed lpi the (3 vimg kinh tl trpng dilm) va d4u tu ho trp cho cac viing khd khan, tranh dau tu dan frai.
Triin khai thyc hien dong bp va cd hieu qua cac giai phap huy ddng cac nguon vdn dau tu toan xa hdi, nhSm khai thac tdi da cac ngudn vdn cua cac thanh phin kinh tl trong nude va thu hut ngudn von tir nude ngoai de tang ngudn vdn dau tu phat triin. Tranh tinh trang mpt lupng von bi tdn dpng dudi dang tich trQ hoac dau tu khdng dupe phat huy. Ben canh dd, cin md rpng hon nira cac khung khd the chi dl nguon vdn cd thi dupe huy dpng vao thi trudng chinh thiic thay vi di vao nhirng thi trudng phi chinh quy (nhu thi frudng bat ddng san phi chinh quy). Tap trung va nhanh chdng xay dyng tdt chuang trinh dau tu va ITnh vyc khuyen khich diu tu thu hut ngudn vdn tu nhan trong nude; chuang trinh va ITnh vyc dau tu thu hut ngudn vdn ODA, FDI...
(ii) Timg budc hinh thdnh he thong ha tdns dons bd, quy md ldn
Phat trien he thdng ha ting, trudc het la ha tang giao thdng, phyc vu phat frien viing, trudc hit la cac viing kinh te trpng diem, eae khu cdng nghiep tap trung, lien hoan quy md ldn, ket hop vdi do thi hda; ket ndi hpp ly va hieu qua hoat dpng san xuat kinh doanh giiia cac vimg, giira vimg kinh te trpng diem vdi cac dia phuang cd lien quan, giiia kinh te nude ta vdi kinh te khu vyc va the gidi. Theo dd, tap trung tdi da cd the dupe vdn dau tu nha nude va huy dpng bang cac hinh thirc thich hop vdn dau tu cua cac thanh phan kinh te khac de: (i) Tap trung vdn dau tu va hoan thanh ddng bp, trong thdi han sdm nhat co sd ha tang cho cac viing kinh te trpng diem ciia ea tinh (trudc het la d ba viing kinh te trpng diem Nha Trang, Cam Ranh va Van Phong); Trudc het, tap trung nang cap ha tang co sd va ket cau ha tang phyc vu san bay Cam Ranh; Tap trung ngudn lye Trung uomg va dja phuang, trong nude va ngoai nude de phat trien cang bien nude sau Van Phong; ket hpp vdi tang tdc va dot phat phat trien cac nganh uu tien da dupe chpn; (ii) Phat trien cac tuyen giao thdng chinh phu hop (dudng bd, dudng thuy va dudng sat tiiy thudc vao dilu kien eu the ciia timg viing) ket ndi giiia cac viing kinh te trpng diem vdi phan cdn lai ciia tinh, vdi dia ban viing Nam Trung bd; (iii) phat trien, da dang hda va nang cao chit lupmg ha ting giao thdng dd thi; dac biet, tap trung nguon lye giai quylt ha ting do thi Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, Van Phong de dam bao phat trien dd thi hda nhanh va ben viing.
(iii) Tap trung ndns cao chdt luons nsudn nhdn luc
Tap trung dao tao ngudn nhan lye cd chat lupng cao, nhat la lye lupng lao ddng dap ling vdi sy phat triin eiia nganh cdng nghe cao va cdng nghe thay ddi nhanh. Sip xIp lai eae trudng dao tao nghi; xay dyng dpi ngu can bd hoach dinh chinh sach cd chit lupng cao. GSn qua trinh dao tao vdi qua trinh san xuat, phii hpp vdi cac nganh nghi ma cac doanh nghiep san xuat yeu cau. Dua vao co che thda thuan trong viec xac dinh luomg giira ngudi sir dung lao ddng va lao dpng trong cac hoat ddng kinh tl. Cai tiln tiln luomg, phan phdi thu nhap va cac phuc lpi xa hdi. Dae biet, xay dyng co chi luomg dac thii cho cac can bd ed trinh dd cao ben ngoai vl Khanh Hda cdng tac; xay dyng co chi tuyen chpn can bp cd hpc lye gidi mdi tot nghiep dai hpc, thac sT, tiln sT vl cdng tac frong bd may tinh Khanh Hda.
Co chi, chinh sach phat triin ngudn nhan lye viia phai md rpng quy md, da dang hda loai hinh va nang cao chit lupng dao tao ngudn nhan lye, vira phai tao
dieu kien va mdi trudng lam viec tdt sii dyng cd hieu qua ngudn nhan lye da dupe dao tao, dam bao nhirng ngudi da dupe dao tao phat huy tdi da nang lye cua minh, ddng thdi, cd co hdi thudng xuyen hpc hdi, nang cao nang lye lam viec cua minh.
Trong nhirng nam tdi, viec tang cudng hom niia chat lupng ngudn nhan lye de dap iing cac ddi hdi ciia viec tang cudng chuyen dich co cau kinh te den nhirng bd phan cd uu the nhu nganh cdng nghiep, dich vu, khu vyc kinh te cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai, cac tieu viing kinh te trpng diem vira la mong mudn, vua la yeu ciu cap thiet. Phat huy cao hom niia vai trd tac dpng eua lao dpng din chuyin dich ea cau kinh te. Mpt la, tang kinh phi cho dao tao tir nguon ngan sach nha nude, nhit la dao tao mdi va dao tao bd sung dpi ngii lao dpng hien ed trong mpt sd nganh nghi mdi, vdi trinh dp cdng nghe cao de hd trp dac lye cho viec chuyin dich ca ciu kinh te. Dac biet chu trpng dao tao dpi ngii cdng nhan lanh nghe, gidi viec; tiep thu va lam chu dupe nhirng cdng nghe mdi. Ddng thdi dao tao, nang cao chat lupng dpi ngii can bd quan ly kinh te de ed nhieu giam ddc gidi, can bp quan ly gidi trong tat ca cac nganh, nhat la d eae dan vi san xuat ca sd.
Mpt trong nhumg dieu quan trpng la phai dua tinh canh tranh vao ca trong cac hoat ddng nghien eiiu khoa hpc, nghien ciiu trien khai va dao tao. Hai la, md rpng cac hinh thiic dao tao nghe d ndng thdn. Gan chat viec dao tao nghe vdi viec chuyen giao cdng nghe mdi, chuyen giao cac quy trinh san xuat, quy trinh canh tac... de lam ca sd cho viec chuyen ddi ca cau san xuat ndng nghiep. Huy ddng lye lugmg tri thiic tre ve ndng thdn, viing sau, viing xa de tang them chat lupmg ngudn nhan lye, lam ndng cdt trong viec thay ddi each lam an, tao the va lye mdi chuyen ddi ca ciu kinh tl. Nhu vay, chuyen dich lao ddng den cac thanh phd, thi xa se kem theo dilu kien tien quyet la lao dpng can cd tay nghe, can cd dao tao. Ba la, cd chinh sach dai ngd thda dang cho cac lao dpng cd trinh dp cao. Tang cudng thu hut nguon lao dpng cd chit lupmg cao bang cac kich thich ve lpi ich (nha, dat, vi tri cdng tac). Dong thdi, cho phep cac vimg it thuan lpi dupe thyc thi cac chinh sach dac thii vl luang, ve dilu kien sinh hoat (nhu cap nha, cap dat), ve cac che dp dai ngd khac nhu cho nhiing lao ddng cd chit lupmg cao khi di chuyen den nhumg viing khd khan lam viec.
3.3.1.2. Gidi phdp vi tdng cudng nin kinh ti thi trudng
(i) Thu hilt manh me cdc ngudn luc thdns qua viic tich cue hinh thdnh ddns hd mdi trucmg kinh ti thi trudns
Can thyc hien ddng bd cac bien phap de cd the hinh thanh mdt mdi trudng thi trudng tdng the dl cac ngudn lye cd the dupe sir dyng hieu qua nhat. Thii nhat, dd la phai tao dyng ddng bd cac loai hinh thi trudng. Cu the la trong nhirng nam tdi, thiic day thi trudng vdn tang cudng hoat ddng. Vdi mdt lupng dii ldn sd nha dau tu nhd, nen kinh te se cd dupe mdt ngudn vdn ldn eho dau tu phat trien. Ngudn vdn nay se bd sung cho cdng nghiep, dich vu. Ben canh dd, thuc day hinh thanh va phat trien chinh thiic thi trudng bat ddng san. Thyc te eho thay, mdt ngudn lye ldn la dat dai, bat ddng san can dupe dua vao thanh vdn cho phat trien kinh tl. Viec hinh thanh va phat trien thj trudng bat dpng san da va dang dupe Nha nude chii trpng xay dyng. Tir nhirng nam 2004-2005, mdt lupng ldn vdn diu tu vao thi trudng bat ddng san tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hda da dupe van hanh. Trong thdi gian tdi, lupmg vdn se cdn van hanh vao nhieu hom. Vi vay, rat can cd nhiing quy trinh, trinh ty thu tuc thdng thoang, minh bach va dn dinh de ngudn vdn nay dupe huy dpng tdi da. Thi trudng lao ddng, khoa hpc cdng nghe ciing can dupe xem xet de dua vao van hanh tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hda. Tang cudng co che dam bao sd hiiu tri tue, thuang quyen. Dua nhiing che tai ve ban quyen vao trong thyc tien cupc sdng.
Thir hai, thiic day md rdng thj trudng da va dang hoat ddng nhu thj trudng hang hoa dich vu cua Khanh Hda. Tang cudng tiep thi cac ten tudi cua san pham ma Khanh Hda cd uu the nhu yen sao, du lich bien, cac khu du ljch nghi dudng. Md rpng tim pham vi thi trudng den cac thj trudng tiem nang nhu cac thi trudng BSc My, Nam My, Chau Phi. Nhirng thj trudng nay mdt khi da dupe khai thac va tham nhap, sy chuyin djch co ciu kinh te se la he qua tiep theo vi doi tupng nganh hang d cac thj trudng nay la khac nhau. Trd lai thi trudng Ddng Au va Lien Xd cQ nhim khai thac nhiing kiln thiic da bilt vl nhirng thj trudng nay. Thj trudng hang hda hien da dupe dieu chinh mdt each tuomg ddi day du nhat trong cac loai hinh thj trudng d Viet Nam, tuy vay, van cin tiep tue thiic day manh me hon nira tinh thj trudng eho thj trudng nay.
Thir ba, ciing vdi ca nude, Khanh Hda chu dpng trong viec timg budc md cira thj trudng trong nude, xoa bd cac rao can ve djnh lupng ddi vdi ddi tac nude ngoai, tirng budc cho ngudi nude ngoai dupe mua nha va sd hiru nha tai Khanh Hda. Timg budc xoa bd han che ty le nam giir ed phieu trong cua cac nha dau tu nude ngoai. Ddng thdi, tao mdi trudng cho cac nha dau tu Khanh Hda dau tu ra
tinh ngoai, nude ngoai. Khi nguon lye tir ben ngoai tham gia vao phat trien kinh te Viet Nam ndi chung va Khanh Hda ndi rieng, se tao cho kinh te Viet Nam va Khanh Hda nhimg thuan lpi ve bd sung vdn, chuyen giao ky nang lao ddng, nang cao hieu qua sir dung ngudn vdn va lao dpng. Ciing vdi viec gia tang ldn ve ngudn vdn nude ngoai, ty trpng eiia khu vyc kinh te cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai se tang; qua dd, dan den chuyen djch co cau thanh phan kinh te. Nhiing hudng chuyin djch nay la tat yeu va se dua nen kinh te den mdt co cau thanh phan, nganh, vimg co hieu qua hom.
(ii) Thu hiit cdc nsudn luc thdns qua ndns cao canh tranh cho cdc bd phdn ciia nen kinh ti
La mpt dja ban cd lpi the canh tranh ve vj tri va nhirng uu dai tu nhien (cang nude sau, vj tri trung chuyen...), Khanh Hoa can khai thac triet de lpi the nay. Canh tranh la yeu td quan trpng hang dau trong viec nang cao hieu qua va tir dd, hieu qua tac ddng den tang trudng, thdng qua tang trudng, tac ddng den djnh hudng cho chuyen djch ca cau. Mdt dieu dang luu y la hieu tang trudng d day theo nghTa md rpng pham vi, md rdng quy md nen kinh te chii khdng thuan tiiy tang trudng theo nghTa hep la tang trudng GDP. Do dd, viec dat cac bp phan eiia nen kinh te trong mdi trudng canh tranh se tao ra hieu qua tong the va djnh hudng chuyen dich co cau theo hudng tdt nhat. De cd dupe mpt mdi trudng canh tranh can cd mdt khung kho the che, mpt bd may nha nude, mpt dpi ngii doanh nghiep, mpt danh muc nganh hang phat huy dupe het nhirng nang lye canh tranh ciing nhu dii sue canh tranh. D I tao lap dupe mdi trudng canh tranh, can cd mdt sd npi dung phai thyc hien:
Mdt la, dat cac loai hinh doanh nghiep fren mdt mdi trudng kinh doanh, canh franh binh ding. Trudc hit, vl mat nhan thiic, nhit la tai cac co quan quan ly nha nude cua Khanh Hda, rd rang ring mpi thanh phan kinh te, mpi nganh kinh te, mpi viing kinh tl deu la mdt bd phan cau thanh cua nen kinh te, deu phuc vu lpi ich chung. Moi bd phan kinh tl cin lam tdt vai trd cua minh va dat trong he thdng kinh tl tdng thi mdi cd thi phat huy dupe sire manh tdng hpp. Thanh phan kinh te tu