thu va cac thong tin danh gia thuc hien cong viec d^ xac dinh cac vAn d^ dang t6n tai va chi ra van de nao co the dugc giai quy6t thong qua dao tao (Rue. 2000).^
Tren het. b^t k^ su dung phuomg phap nao. ban danh gia nhu ciu cdn dugc thuc hien mot each co he th6ng va chinh xac truac khi bat dSu thi6t k6 chucmg trinh dao tao.
Kel luqn.&ng dung phan tich nhu c6u dao tao aKA) la mot qua trinh xac Jinh khoang each giu nang hrc cdn c6 de dap img yeu cdu cong vice I hire /e' va nang luc hien cd
cua cdn bo. tir do xac dinh nhu cdu dao tao. I'iec dcio tao co the dugc mo ta nine -linh Iwi
cac k)' nang kien thuc vdhocic thai dp de phuc vu thuc ihi cong viec theo dung veu cciu cua to chuc ". Phan tich nhu cau duo lao xetn xet cac khia canh cua nang luc iky' nang. kien thuc vd ihdi do) trong mot he thSng de tu do xdc dinh mot cdch dung dOn noi dung vu hinh thirc dao lao.
2.2. Huang tiep can dao tao dira tren nang luc hoac tiep can dao tao truyen thong thong
Nang luc Id gi?
Ket qua cua mot cong vice la "san pham dau ra". Can bg thuc hien "cac nhiem \ u" - thucTng dugc coi la cac don vi ciia cong \iee; \ a \iee hoan tat cac nhiem \u nay se dan den mot hoac nhieu ket qua hoac dau ra ky \gng ciia hp. Viec thuc hien cong \iee bi chi phoi boi each thiic ma mpi nguoi sir dung nang lire ciia hp - nhung thii phai co va can dugc sii dung diing each nham dat dugc nhung ket qua cong viec theo quy dinh. Nhung yeu to do bao gom kien ihiie eiia mot nguoi hoac khoi lircTng kien thirc. ky nang. each nghi. quan diem, vai tro xa hoi hoac long tu trgng. Neu cac nang lire khong dugc sir dung o mire do hgp ly, se khong the dat dugc hieu qua cong viec.
Cae chuyen gia nhan sir da dat ra mot tir \iet tat do la ASK (Thai do. Ky nang. \ a Kien thirc) de dac trung cho yeu to nang lire con nguoi. Trong khai niem na\, chiing la co
the xhiy rang ygu t6 ^'thai dp'^ tuong d6i phiic tap va khong dugc phep don gian hoa u-ong qua trinh xac dinh va xay dung cac nang luc dn xhik dk thuc hien thanh cong bit ky
nhiem vu nao. Nhung nang luc ma nguoi thuc hien c4n co d^ thuc hien cong viec nao dugc xac dinh theo diing yeu cau cong viec va dugc s4p x^p thanh mot nhom nang lire theo vj tri cong viec, gpi la mo hinh nang luc hay khung nang lire. Trong mo hinh nang luc. moi nang
luc lai thudng bao gom tir mot den nam dp dp nang lire, tir th4p den cao. vi du tir dp co
ban den cap chuyen gia. Cac mo hinh nang luc khong chi don gian la ban mo ta npi dung cac nang lire ma nguoi thuc hien can co de thuc hien cong viec thanh cong: ma con bao gom cac huong dan sir dung va cap nhat khi boi canh to chirc hoac cong viec thay d6i.'
Huang tiep can dao too truyen thong
Viec dao tao co the dugc Ien ke hoach tir truoe hoac khong co ke hoach. Khi viec dao tao khong dugc Ien ke hoach. nhung nguoi tham gia se dugc yeu cau lam theo nbung nguoi da co kinh nghiem. Vice nay it co hieu qua boi \i con nguoi khong the hoc each thuc hien cong viec chi bang each quan sat nguoi khac thuc hien. Khi dao tao dugc Ien ke hoach, viec dao tao nay co the theo mot huong tiep can dua tren Mo hinh thiet ke day hgc (ISD)^. Mo hinh ISD la mot huong tiep can pho bien. ccS he thong doi voi \ iec dao tao. Cac buoc trien khai trong mo hinh ISD:
Biro'c 1: Ap dung mo hinh ISD de phan tich hieu qua cong viec, tim kiem va xac dinh nguyen nhan ciia van d^. Vdn de do co phai la do cac nhan to nhu thieu kien ihuc. ky nang, thai dp diing ddn hay do cac nguyen nhan khac? Neu nguoi thuc hien cong viec da dugc quan sat lam \iec diing each. vAn de do co th^ khong xuat phat tir viec thieu cac ASK. Cae nguyen nhan do cdn phai dugc xir ly thong qua giai phap tang euong quan ly thay vi dao tao.
Bu-6'c 2: Voi nhirng van d^ lien quan den thieu kien thiic. ky nang \ a thai do thi can
xem xet cae veu cAu vi xd chire hoac cong xiec. Cac cau hoi chinh c4n xem xet trong buoc
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