1. Câu điều kiện loại 1:
1.1. Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc/hành động có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tưong lai.
1.2. Công thức:
If + S + V(s/es) + (O), S + will/can/must+ V- inf + (O)
If you study hard, you will pass the exam next week.
2. Câu điều kiện loại 2:
2.1. Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc/hành động không thế xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Đó chỉ là một giả thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược vái thực trạng hiện tại.
2.2. Công thức:
If + S + V- past + (O), S + would/could ...+ V-inf + (O) Chú ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, to be được chia là were cho tất cả các ngôi.
If I were a boy, I would marry you.
If I touched the sky, I would become famous.
3. Câu điều kiện loại 3:
3.1 Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc/hành động không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ. Nó chỉ mang tínl ước muổn trong quá khứ, chỉ là một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
3.2 Công thức:
If +S + had + Vpp + (O), S+ would/could + have + VpII + (O)
If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam easily.
If my mom had bought this car, I would not have gone to shool on foot.
4 Câu điều kiện loại 0:
4.1 Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả một chân lý, một sự việc luôn luôn đúng.
4.2 Công thức:
If + S + V(s/es) + (O), S + V (s/es) + (O)
If I am right, you are wrong. If you heat ice, it melts.
5 Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp:
-Thường là sự pha trộn giữa câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3.
-Được dùng khi mốc thòi gian được nhắc đến ở mệnh đề if và mệnh đề chính khơng giống nhau If I had studied hard last night, I would pass the exam this morning. (Điều kiện loại 3 - loại 2) If I were you, I wouldn't have left the party so early. (Điều kiện loại 2 - loại 3).
Chú ý:
Unless =If not
If I have time, I will help you.
Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
Những từ sau đây có thể thay thế IF trong câu điều kiện:
Provided / Providing (that) (miễn là) Supposed / Supposing (that) (giả sử)
In case / even if (trong trường hợp/thậm chí nếu) As long as / so long as (miễn là)
Đảo ngữ với IF
Even if you don’t have little time, try to call your mom on Mother’s Day.
Had you revised carefully, you wouldn’t have failed the exam.(= If you had revised carefully…)
Ví dụ 1:__________the money with me if you won the lottery?
A. Will you share C. Would you share
B. Hadn’t you shared D. wouldn’t have you shared
Ví dụ 2: If you’d been watching the road, you_____________.
A.wouldn’t crash B.didn’t crash
C.hadn’t crash D.wouldn’t have crashed
Ví dụ 3: If I_____ your father, I wouldn't have let you stay out all night.
A. were B.had been C.am D. would be
Choose the correct option to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Nobody __________ us if you hadn’t knocked that lamp over.
A.heard B.would have heard
C.would hear D.will hear
2. The patient could not recover unless he_______ an operation. A.had undergone B.would undergo
C.underwent D.undergoes
3. We in this mess if you’d listened to my advice.
A.weren’t B.wouldn’t be
C.wouldn’t have been D.won’t be
4.Trees won’t grow ________ there is enough water.
A.if B.when C.unless D.as
5.I ___________ the dress if it were in the sale.
6.If he _________ a proper qualification, he could have applied for this post.
A.had had B.had C.has D.has had
7.If you had read my email, you ________ why I’m angry with you now.
A.would have known B.will know
C.had known D.would know
8.If you start your new job with the right attitude, everything _________ alright. A.would be B.will be C.is D.would have been
9.Unless you ______ to be late for school, set the alarm clock the night before.
A.want B.don’t want C.will want D.won’t want
10. If there ________ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A.would be B.were C.had been D.are
11.As long as you keep your receipt, they _______ you a refund.
A.will give B.would give C.gave D.had given 12.I would go swimming if the weather __________ better.
A.would be B.will be C.is D.were
13.Come and work for my company if you ________ nothing better to do.
A.had had B.will have C.had D.have
14.I________ that jacket if you hadn’t burnt a hole in it. A. would still have B. will still have C. would still have had D. still had
15. If you hadn't wasted all your pocket money, you_________borrow money from me! A. wouldn't have to B. wouldn't have had to
C. don’t have to D. didn’t have to
16. If you had done as I told you, I think you_________ much more successful now.
A. were B. would have been
C. could be D. had been
17. _____ __she agreed to come, we would have had much more fun.
A. If B.Had C.Should D.Would
18. If Molly had lost the election, she ________Class President. A. wouldn't have become B. wouldn't become
19. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy ___________. A. might be saved B. has been saved
C. was saved D. might have been saved
20.I ___________to the cinema with you tomorrow if I hadn't already seen the film.
A. would go B. would have gone
C. will go D. go
21. "Can I borrow your car for tonight?" "Sure if Jan it back in time." A. brought B. will bring C. brings D. would bring
22. Even if it rains, the tennis match _____postponed.
A. won't be B. will be C. wouldn't be D. would be
23.I ____ ___ Tom with me if I had known that you didn’t get on well with him. A. hadn't brought B. didn't bring
C. wouldn't bring D. wouldn't have brought
24. Buddy Holly probably would have recorded many more albums if he ______ so young. A. wouldn't die B. hadn't died
C. died D. wouldn't have died
25. If energy ___ ____cheaper and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
A. were B. is C. would be D. will be
26. A huge tree fell down just in front of my car. __________ faster, I would have been killed. A. Had I driven B. Were I to drive
C. Would I drive D. Would I have driven 27. If you burn rubber, you ________thick, black smoke.
A. would get B. could get C. got D. get 28.___________any problem with the product, contact our sales representative.
A. Do you have B. Should you have
C. Had you had D. Were you to have.
29. The education system ________ much improved if the basic principles of education were seriously considered.
A. would be B. would have been
C. were D. had been
30. If you_________ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field. A.want B. wanted C. had wanted D. would