Comparison
Cấu trúc câu so sánh được áp dụng phổ biến với ba nhóm từ loại: danh từ, tính từ, và trạng từ với ba hình thức: Ngang bằng (Equality), Hơn (Comparative) và Nhất (Superlative).
1. So sánh ngang bằng (Equality) - Dùng khi so sánh giữa hai đổi tượng.
- Cấu trúc:
as + Adj/Adv + as the same + (N) + as
as much/as many/as little/as few + N + as
This book is as interesting as that one.
She drove as carefully in the driving test as her sister. My brother is the same height as me.
She earns as much money as her husband.
Lưu ý:
- Trong câu phủ định, as thứ nhất có thể chuyến thành so.
This week's assignment isn't as/so difficult as the one last week.
2. So sánh hơn/kém (Comparative)
Cấu trúc:
Adj/Adv ngắn: Adj/Adv + ER + than Adj/Adv dài: More/less + Adj/Adv + than
N: more/fewer/less + N + than
Jane’s hair is shorter than mine, (tính từ ngắn)
This shirt is less expensive than the one over there, (tính từ dài)
The teacher gives less homework this semester than the previous one. (danh từ)
Lưu ý:
- Trong câu có thành ngữ of the two,three,… + N trước adj/adv so sánh phải có the: the +
adj/adv (Comparative)
Harry is the smarter of the two boys.
Of the two streets, this one is the cleaner and greener.
- Có thể thêm vào các trạng từ sau để chỉ mức độ của so sánh: much/far/a lot/even (nhiều) hoặc a
little/a bit/a little bit (một chút)
Jane's hair is much shorter than mine.
The teacher gives a little less homework this semester than the previous one. (danh từ)
- Sau so sánh ngang bằng và hơn/kém có thể là O hoặc S + trợ động từ (auxiliary V) She earns as much money as her husband/her husband does.
3. So sánh nhất (Superlative)
-Dùng khi so sánh ba đối tượng trở lên, hoặc so sánh 1 đỗi tượng của nhóm vơi tồn bộ nhóm. -Cấu trúc:
+ Adj/Adv ngắn: the i Adj/Adv + EST + Adj/Adv dài: the most/the least + Adj/Adv
+ N: the most/least/fewest +N John is the tallest in her family.
She has the most beautiful eyes of the girls in the class.
Camels drink the least amount of water among the three animals.
Lưu ý:
Trong câu so sánh nhất thường có các cụm từ "of + N số nhiều/khoảng thịi gian ” hoặc “in + N đếm được số ít chỉ nơi chốn/nhóm người/tó chức”
February is the shortest month of the year. Football is the most popular sport in the world.
4. So sánh kép (double comparison) 4.1. Cùng một tính từ:
- Thường đi kèm với động từ ờ thì tiếp diễn để diễn tả sự biến đổi.
- Cấu trúc:
+ Adj/adv ngắn: S + V + Adj/adv + er + and + adj/adv + er
+ Adj/adv dài/N: S + V + more and more/less and less + adj/adv/N My son is getting taller and taller.
He is becoming more and more annoyed. She is earning more and more money.
4.2. Hai tính từ khác nhau:
The + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V (Comparative: So sánh hơn/kém của Adj/adv/N)
The more carefully you do your homework, the more correct your answers are. The better results we get in exams, the happier we feel.
5. So sánh đa bội (Multiple numbers comparison)
Số lần (half/one third/twice/three times...) + as + adj/adv + as Số lần + as + much/many/few/little + N + as
She has twice as many books as I do. A bike is half as expensive as a motorbike.
6. Phân biệt adj/adv ngắn, dài - Tính từ ngắn:
+ Có 1 âm tiết: warm, fast, small, tall...
+ Có 2 âm tiết, kết thúc bằng -y (.happy, funny, healthy, friendly...)và một số tính từ như quiet, gentle, polite, clever, narrow, simple...
- Tính từ dài: Có 2 âm tiết trử lên. Eg: beautiful, hard-working... - Trạng từ ngắn: có1 âm tiết và early
7. Adj/adv bất quy tắc:
Adj/Adv Comparative Superlative
Far Farther/further Farthest/furthest
Little Less Least
Much/many More Most
Good/well Better Best
Bad/badly Worse Worst
Old Older/ elder Oldest/ eldest
Ví dụ 1: Before she lost weight, Sandra was not _____confident about the way she dressed ____she
is these days.
A. too - like B. such - as C. so - as D. so - that
Ví dụ 2: We've had a ________cooler summer this year, with only a few hot spells.
A. very B. so C. such D. rather
Ví dụ 3: None of the children at my son’s birthday party were particularly well-behaved, but my
son was by far ______ of all.
A. so naughty B. the naughtiest C. too naughty D.the naughtier
Choose the correct option to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Despite its smaller size, the Indian Ocean is ________the Atlantic Ocean. A. as depth as B. the same deep as
C. deeper as D. as deep as
2. She sat there quietly, but during that time she was getting ______ and finally she exploded. A. more and more angry B. the more angry
C. angrier and angrier D. the most angry 3. Her grandfather’s illness was _________ we thought at first. A. more seriously than B. as seriously as C. more serious than D. as serious as
4. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed _________ usual.
A. more early than B. as early as
C. more earlier as D. earlier than 5. This one is prettier, but it costs __________ as that one.
A. so much as B. twice as much C. as many D. twice as many
6. ______ the time passes,I feel! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished half of it
A. The faster/the nervous B. The more fast/the nervous C. The fast/the more nervous D. The faster/the more nervous
7. For many children, nothing seems so exciting ______their first airplane ride.
A. so does B. as C. same D. is
8. The more you study, _________.
A. you will gain more knowledge B. the more knowledge do you gain C. the more knowledge you gain D. you are the more knowledgeable 9. My new glasses cost me _______the last pair that I bought.
A. three times as much as B. three times
C. three times more than D. as much three times as 10. The rooms in Graduate Towers are ________Patterson Hall. A. larger than B. larger than that of C. larger than those in D. larger than in 11. It's becoming __________to find a job.
A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than
12. The deep ocean contains some of the _______of all living creatures. A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger 13. A new shopping centre on the north side will have ________.
A. five hundred more than shops B. as more than five hundred shops C. five hundred shops more than D. more than five hundred shops
14. In Spain, officials estimate that _______75 percent of the current violent crime is drug related A. much as B. as much as C. as many as D.many as
15. You should spend __________in the study of the various senses and uses of the common words. A. much time as you can B. as time much as you can
C. as much time as you can D. time as many as you can
16. Since taxi fare in the city may run _________ twenty dollars, I suggest that you take a bus.
A. as high as B. as expensive as
C. so high that D. so expensive as
17. The family living next to us has ten children, _________of whom is 10 years old. A. the older B. the eldest C. eldest D. elder
18._______you can sort out your problem with your parents, _______you can concentrate on your studies.
A. As soon as - so much B. Very soon - very much C. The sooner - the more D. The soonest - the most
19.I thought my score was ______in the school, but when I talked to my friend in another class, it turned out that his was even ________.
A. too bad - the worst B. worse - the worst C. bad enough - too bad D. the worst – worse 20. I didn't like her latest album ________I did her previous one.