( Noun Clause & Subjuctive)
1.Chức năng mệnh đề danh từ
-Mệnh đề danh từ là một mệnh đề (S-V) có chức năng như một Danh từ
→ Do đó nó được sử dụng như một S(subject) ,O(object),C (compliment) trong câu.
-Noun Clause thông thường bắt đầu bởi các liên từ như : that,if,whether hoặc các từ để hỏi
why,when,how … các liên từ thay thế:who,which,where… hoặc các liên từ đặc biệt như whatever, whoever,…
a) When the meeting begins has not been decided. Ncls =S V
b) Who she loves isn’t important. Ncls= S
c) I don’t know when the meeting begins. V Ncls=O
d) The figures show how much the population increased.
V O
e) The advantage of living here is that it doesn’t take much time to get to the school. VL Ncls=Cn
2.Mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bởi THAT.
f) I don’t know that he loves me. S1 V1 Ncsl=O
→ THAT dịch là “rằng” chỉ sự chắc chắn cao.
3.Mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bởi IF hoặc WHETHER (dịch là liệu)
g) I don’t know if/whether he loves me. S V Ncls =O
→IF/WHETHER dịch là “ liệu” thể hiện sự không chắc chắn
4.Mệnh đề danh từ với It là S giả:
h) It is when we were at high school that we knew each other. S V S V
Trong câu trên ta thấy It là S và is là V.
Tuy nhiên It chỉ là S giả . Cịn S thật chính là that we knew each other và đây là một Noun Clause.
5.Mệnh đề danh từ giả định (Subjunctive)
-Trong mệnh đề danh từ giả định thì động từ sẽ được chia nguyên thể (Vinf) h) The director demands that we be on time.
i) He insisted that the proposal be rewritten to correct all the mistakes in it. k) I recommend that she not go to the concert.
Lý do dẫn tới các động từ trong mệnh đề danh từ để nguyên thể ( be,be rewritten, not go, learn) là bởi vì trong mệnh đề chính có các Verb hoặc Adj chỉ tính gấp rút, cần thiết, hay quan trọng như (demand, insist, recommend, important)
Bảng các Verb , Adj đặc biệt dẫn tới hiện tượng Subjunctive .
Verbs Adjectives advise (that) ask (that) demand (that) insist (that) propose (that) recommend(that) request (that) suggest (that) It is essential (that) It is imperative (that) It is important (that) It is mandatory (that) It is critical (that) It is necessary (that) It is vital (that) It is urgent (that) MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.
1. shocked his friends.
a. What did Billy b. What Billy did c. Billy did d. Bill did what
2. Mary’s friends do not know .
a. even if she cannot swim b. as if that she cannot swim c. that she cannot swim d. if that she cannot swim 3. John’s mistake was .
a. be late for work three times b. late for work three times
c. had been late for work three times
d. that he had been late for work three times 4. We are not responsible for .
a. what you have done b. that you have done c. what have you done d. whether have you done 5. You must decide on .
a. to take which English course b. which English course you should take c. that which English course to take d. which English course should you take 6. The mother called the police and said .
a. which was her son kidnapped b. which her son was kidnapped c. that her son was kidnapped d. that was her son kidnapped 7. I would like to know .
a. to live b. where you live c. how you to live d. where do you live 8. is still unknown.
a. Maiy was sacked b. Was Mary sacked c. Why Mary was sacked d. Why was Mary sacked
9. I wonder .
a. Peter will come b. if Peter will come c. that Peter will come d. if will Peter come 10. Can you tell me ?
a. how much this shirt costs b. how much does this shirt cost c. this shirt costs how much d. how much is this shirt
11. I wonder from the earth.
a. how far the moon is b. how far is the moon c. if how far the moon is d. how is the moon far 12. ________will always important to me.
a. Whatever you do b. Whatever do you do c. What do you do d. You do
13. The truth .
a. is that is he unreliable b. that is he unreliable c. that he is unreliable d. is that he is unreliable 14. was surely fined by the police.
a. Whoever had this done b. Whoever had done this c. Had this done by whoever d. This had done by whoever .
15. affects your weight.
a. What you eat b. What do you eat c. What are you eating d. What eating 16. The group was strongly persuaded .
a. what you said b. by what you said c. did you say what d. what to say 17.Few people know ________ thousands of teenagers suffer from the negative effect of alcohol addiction.
A.that B.until C.if C.so
18.________Ms Alber’s immune system will be strong enough to defeat the infection in her bloodstream is still not certain.
A.until B.before C.where D.wherther
19. It is mandatory that your cellphone ________ turned off during the meeting.
A.is B.will be C.be D.were
.
20. The director insists that everybody ______in their trip reports within 2 days from their return date.
CHAPTER 11 : Đảo ngữ ( Inversion )