Mẫu hạch lympho của nhóm IR ở độ phóng đại 1X (15A) và 4X (15B) Mẫu hạch lympho của nhóm IR+MEL ở độ phóng đại 1X (15C) và 4X (15D)
Từ các mẫu tiêu bản mô hạch lympho, có thể thấy rằng nhóm NIL khơng gây u, khơng điều trị thì cấu trúc hạch rõ ràng với các nang lympho lớn, xoang nang giãn rộng chứa đại thực bào. Nhóm NC thể hiện sự phát triển tại chỗ của khối u, có di căn vào tổ chức mô, do không được điều trị bằng xạ trị. Khi dùng tia xạ, đối với nhóm IR và IR+MEL, ngăn tế bào ung thư phát triển, những tổn
thương cũng khơng cịn, và khơng có di căn hạch. Tuy nhiên, khi điều trị với melanin trước khi xạ trị thì tác dụng cũng chưa được rõ ràng ưu việt hơn.
KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ
Từ các kết quả thu được, chúng tôi rút ra một số kết luận sau:
Xạ trị bằng tia X có tác dụng tiêu diệt tế bào ung thư, thu nhỏ kích thước khối u đáng kể. Bên cạnh đó, chiếu xạ tia X gây ra nhiều tác dụng phụ không mong muốn, bao gồm: giảm khả năng sinh trưởng, phát triển của chuột; giảm số lượng hay tỉ lệ vài thành phần quan trọng trong máu (bạch cầu, tiểu cầu, tỉ lệ tế bào lympho).
Melanin có khả năng làm giảm tác dụng phụ của tia X trong quá trình xạ trị. Cụ thể, điều trị bằng phương pháp hợp kết hợp xạ trị và bổ sung melanin với vai trò như chất bảo vệ (nhóm IR+MEL) làm tăng số lượng tiểu cầu (22,4 %), số lượng bạch cầu (55,6 %), tỷ lệ bạch cầu lympho (8,8 %) hơn so với điều trị khối u chỉ bằng xạ trị (nhóm IR).
Ngoài ra, từ các kết quả mô học cũng thể hiện được rằng khi bổ sung melanin trước khi xạ trị có khả năng làm giảm sự xơ hóa mơ lách cũng như sung huyết mô hạch lympho, tổ chức nhanh phục hồi hơn so với liệu pháp xạ trị thơng thường.
Để có thể phát triển nghiên cứu và ứng dụng trong thực tiễn, chúng tơi có một số kiến nghị như sau:
Phân tích sự thay đổi của các loại tế bào miễn dịch trong quá trình xạ trị. Cần nghiên cứu thêm phương pháp sử dụng melanin nhằm làm tăng hiệu
quả điều trị hay giảm thiểu tác dụng phụ của xạ trị.
Mở rộng nghiên cứu hơn về các gen khác, mô khác hay đối tượng nghiên cứu khác.
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