39 Thanh Phuong (2009), Pangasius hay ca hOi thai hien dai, Tapchi Thuong mai Any san so 117 — thang 9/2009, trang 59.
3.2.2.1. Co' so' ate de xuat giai pluip
Nhang giai phap dugc dua ra dtra tren ca sa tinh hinh thirc hien cac Quy dinh cua EU can nhieu van de bat cap, tir viec khai thac thily san cho tai viec dam bao ve sinh an town thuc pham.
NTe phia cac tau danh ca, ngtr dan
han mot nam thirc hien Quy dinh IUU nhung hien van can nhieu chu
tau ca chua quen vgi viec ghi nhat 1()'7 danh bat va dieu do gay kho cho viec chilrng nhan thug san khai thac cua doanh nghiep. Nhat ky danh bat se bao g6m
cac thong tin nhu vung bien danh bat, so lugng lodi danh bat, dung cu danh bat... phi' hop veri vies ke khai khi xuat khau sang EU. Mac du dugc quy dinh trong dieu 19 Lu4t ThUy san rang thuyen trugng phai c6 trach nhiem ghi nhat 1( .)"[ khai thac nhung ngu dan van chua c6 th6i quen nay. Viec khong ghi hoac ghi khong day du trong nhat ky khai thac khien cac tau ca khong the xuat hang sang EU, ma ben canh dO cac doanh nghiep the bien xuat khan thity san khi nhap hang dm nhimg tau danh ca nay cling khong the truy nguyen ngu6n g6c khi phia EU yeu cau. Bari vay ho ding khong dam lay hang tic nhung tau ca nay va viec xuat khau do do bi dinh tre.
Theo Cuc Khai thac va Bao ve ngu6n loci thily san, do so lugng tau thuyen nhieu, ngu trugng danh bat r6ng, nhieu loci hai san dugc danh bat trong mot chuyen danh bat 16n nen nhieu chit tau ca ngai ghi chep nhjt 14 day dn.
M6t nguyen nhan nita khien ngu dan khong c6 thoi quen ghi nhat 14 khai thac la 6 tiet kiem nhien lieu chay tau. Ho thugng ban ca teen bien cho cac tau thu mua dich vu, sau do tiep tuc danh bat dai ngdy thay vi chay vao cang de ban. S6 lugng tau ban dilly san ngay tai ngu tru6ng cang ngdy cang nhieu khi gia xang tang cao ke tir dau thang 4 nam 2011 den nay.
Viec danh bat cUa ngu dan la Vay, viec tap huan cho ho de ghi nhat ky khai thac cling gap phai rat nhieu tra ngai. Ngu dan xua nay khong quen vari viec ghi nhat ky khai thac, r6i lai phai khai bao vai ca quan ve \rung Hen danh bat, lodi va s6 lugng danh bat nen ho cam thay kilo khan. Han nua, trinh d6 hoc van dm nhieu ngu dan, tham chi thuyen trung ding can han the nen viec tiep thu kien thirc con chlam. Khong phai ai cling hieu viec ghi cite') cac bieu mAu r6i den viec phan loci san pham ghi vao nhat ky khai thac. Ngodi ra, ngu dan thuarng ra khai san xuat theo tau rieng le, veri phuong thdc hoat Ong theo mua vu, vUng danh bat fang, khOng on dinh nen viec tap trung ngu dan de hugng dan ghi nhat 1(32 khai thac cling rat kilo.
DO la nhung ngu dan dugc tap huan. MOt s6 cac chil tau va thuyen truong tau ca khac do khong có thong tin cu the. Ho khong dam 1c)'T xac nhan san lugng voi doanh nghiep vi so sau nay phai long thue. Ho ding not So Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon chua có huong dan nen ho khong dam 1(3'7. Doanh nghiep do do khong the mua dugc nguyen lieu the bien va ding khong the xuat hang sang Chau Au dugc.
Ben canh viec ghi nhat ky khai thac, mot s6 hoat d6ng danh bat, khai thac thily san bat hop phap tai nuov to van dien ra. Truorc het la viec danh bat sang \Tung bien nuorc khac, tuy khong dugc su cho phep nhung lai Bang din ra kha phO bier' tai tinh Ba Ria — Wing Tau. Wing bien Viet Nam hai san ngdy cang khan hiem ma s6 lugng ghe trong may nam gan day khong ngimg tang nen phan lon tau ca danh bat khong hieu qua. Nhieu tau ca da sang viing bien Indonexia danh bat bOi ben do cc') nguOn hai san dOi dao hon. Day rO rang la mot trong nhung hanh d6ng danh bat bat hop phap nhung ngu dan van lam, th4m chi khi bi canh sat bien nuac ban bat ho chap nhan n6p phat mot khoan tien lon, bi bat tau, phai vay ng de tra nhung ho van tiep t-uc lam voi suy nghi chi trUng vai chuyen, ho se vim du tra ng ma van có lai. DO ding la mot trong nhung bri do ngu dan ngai ke khai nguOn g6c hai san danh bat boi neu ke khai &mg six thuc có the bi phat, tham chi bi bat. CO toi 70 — 80% tau ca danh bat hien nay Lan sang vUng bien nu& khac.
Ngu dan con dung dung cu khong dung nhu quy dinh. Do nguOn lgi o bien ngdy cang it di, ngu dan chuyen sang ngh'e gia cao doi six dung luoi mieng rOng, mat luoi nh6 hurl quy dinh, keo sat day bien 0 viing nuOc sau de cc') the keo dugc nhieu loci ca hon. Nhung ding chinh vi lam the ma nhieu ca con cang bi bat theo, nguOn hai san ngdy cang khan hiem va tai day khong biet se con nhung hanh d6ng danh bat ca nao vi pham di een ra tiep sau nira do khong du ngu6n ca de ban.
d Quang Ngai ngu dan con dung thuec no de danh ca dan den tin vong, khong nhang gay ten that den tinh mang, tai san cua ngu dan, ma con anh huemg nghi'em trong tai an ninh chinh tri tai dia phuang nay. Nhung ngueri may man thoat chet thi bi tan phe suet dai, trof thanh met ganh nang cho nhfing nguari vg, ngueri me cua gia dinh nay yen truck dO chi biet a nha cha ngueri than di bien kiem tien. Con cai cua ho ding phai bo hoc de kiem tien phu giup gia dinh. Tat ca ding chi vi lgi ich kinh to truac mat ma ho bat chip tat ca de có the c6 ca ban.
Ye phia doanh nghiep va nguiri nuoi
Trong khau nuoi tr :Ong thily san, nhang van de mei truang va trach nhiem xa hei chua dugc thirc su quan tam. Cac trai nuoi O . Viet Nam chua c6 he thong xir 17 nuerc thai dam bao nhu yeu can. Dai song, thu nhap cua cong nhan chua dugc quan tam dung ITILIC.
Cong tac kiem soat chat lugng trong nganh thily san not chung va san xuat ca tra not rieng con bec to nhieu yen kern, tir san xuat gieng, thirc an, thuec thU y, nuoi thucmg pham cho den the bien xuat khan. PhO bien tinh trang con gi6ng kern chat lugng, khong rO nguen gec dugc san xuat hang loat. Nhung tieu chuan ve con gieng chua dugc ban hanh. Ben canh do, boa chat, khang sinh cam ding dugc sir dung trong san xuat gi6ng. Chat lugng thirc an ding khong dugc dam bao. Nguari nuoi van con dung chat tang trong, thanh phan dam khong tieu hoa dugc cho ca an. Hau qua la tST le phile thap do thit ca china nhieu nuac. DO la 1)'T do mot so khach hang nuac ngodi van con than phien ve chat lugng ca tra. TST le
nuac trong san pham cao, ca biet c6 met so doanh nghiep dung may barn chich nuac vao san pham. Lam dung khang sinh, boa chat trong nuoi thily san, tinh trang barn chich tap chat keo dai da anh huang nang ne den xuat khau thily san dia. Viet Nam.
Nei bat nhat trong nam 2010 la tinh trang thieu nguyen lieu trien mien, nhat
la nguyen lieu tom va ca tra. Chat lugng con gio'ng tren nhieu dien tich nuoi tren
ca nuac khong dam bao tieu chuan, gay thiet thoi cho ngueri nuoi. Nhap khau nguyen lieu la mot giai phap nhung gia nhin chung lai dang tang cao va ding khong kiem soat dugc chat lugng.
Nhieu doanh nghiep the bien xuat khau ding day thi c dugc ye yeu cau truy xuat ngu6n gec cUa EU, da to xay dung rieng cho minh mot he thong hieu qua. Tuy nhien he thong nay m6i han the den mot so thanh phan chinh la ca hoac torn, chit khong m6 rOng den cac dau vao nhu thdc an, phu gia, dugc pham, da, nu6c va bOt mi... Cac he thong nay cling chua ap dung cac tieu chuan quec to dugc cong nhan va chua dap ung c6 hieu qua cac yeu cau tri'eu h6i san pham khi xay To su co ve an toan thuc pham. Mat khac, he thong con chua mang tinh bao quat toan dien ca chuOi gia tri san pham, ma chu yeti dang theo yeu cau ctia tirng thi truong hoac tirng khach hang don le.
Nhu vay mot Fan nira cac doanh nghiep the bien xuat khau ding nhu ngu6i nuoi, neu muen xuat khau sang Chau Au hay bat kSt thi trueng kho tinh nao khac va muen gift' mei quan he lam an lau dai, dieu truck nhat dei v6i ho la can phai