... to the functional groups on the surfaces (external and internal) ofthe resins Due to the slow intraparticle diffusion inthe resin, the process usually takes longer time (hours) and the resin ... are the same inthe beginning Because the non-solvent amount inthe lumen is rather limited, as compared to the solvent leached out from dope, the rapid out-diffusion ofthe solvent from the ... to studythe properties ofthe resultant membranes such as pore structure and mechanical strength, and to examine the mechanism involved inthe preparation Meanwhile, the influence of some spinning...
... known that the beads or resins are usually packed into a column in practice When the feed is made to pass though the interstices ofthe resins inthe column, the solutes inthe flowing solution ... to internal binding sites on the resins for separation to fully take place Therefore, the processing rate ofthe resin packed column is very low Inthe membrane based configuration, however, the ... Effect of CA concentrations inthe spinning solutions on the structural characteristics ofthe CS/CA blend hollow fiber membranes 94 Figure 4.3 Effect of CA concentrations inthe spinning solutions...
... stretching with the aid of various take-up speeds was performed on the spinning line during dry-jet wet spinning The elongational draw ratio φ is defined as the ratio ofthe cross sectional area of ... inner skin The macrovoids are all outward pointed, indicating that their origins are possibly from external water induced intrusion during the phase inversion process [77] The dimensions ofthe ... accomplish these tasks by controlling the elongation-induced membrane pore morphology by external stretching ofthe fibers during the spinning process 16 Molecular engineering of pore size and chain...
... inner lumen skin ofthe inner layer Figure 5-14 127 The morphology ofthe outer interface skin surface ofthe PES inner layer The dual layer membranes were prepared using : water as the bore fluid, ... top ofthe asymmetric substrate to form a thin layer of homogeneous coating The function ofthe coating layer is to patch the defects by blocking up the holes on the surface of substrate The ... shear rates inthe spinneret for batch Table 3-4 The spinning parameters, performance of hollow fiber membranes at different shear rates inthe spinneret for batch Table 3-5 85 85 The spinning parameters,...
... controlling the pressure ofthe liquids First the extraction of solute takes place at the feed-NAP interface following which the solute diffuses through the membrane pores and reaches the NAP-stripping ... 2013) in g which the organic phase is dispersed in either the feed or stripping phase Upon coming in contact with the hydrophobic membranes, the solvent wets the membrane pores forming an ELM The ... Maintaining high agitation in large scale industrial applications can be energy demanding and therefore undesirable In case they are being used in packed bed configuration, significant amount of...
... effectiveness in performance enhancement of polyimide membranes for the dehydration of organic solvents Interestingly, the swell-up of polymer chains inthe feed solution makes the adverse effect of interstitial ... Pore R1 = resistance ofthe skin layer (=Rskin) R2 = resistance ofthe pores inthe substrate R3 = resistance ofthe polymer matrix inthe substrate Rsub = resistance ofthe substrate [=R2R3/(R2+R3)] ... determined by the following equation (2.20) Rt = R1 + R2 R3 /( R2 + R3 ) where R1 represents the resistance ofthe skin layer, R2 and R3 are the resistances ofthe pores and the polymer matrix in the...
... growth inthe symbiotic HFMP: temporal profiles of (a) percentage of remaining glucose in A1 and A2, (b) percentage of remaining glucose in A2 and A3, (c) percentage of remaining glucose in A2 ... glucose viii inthe influent using the sole oxygen supply from C vulgaris photosynthesis The feasibility ofthe continuous operation ofthe SHFMP enhances its applicability as the influent wastewater ... photosynthetic oxygenation such as the decline in light penetration when the cell density in HRAPs increases, the instability of climate conditions (i.e lighting, temperature), and the presence of...
... Boroncontaining compounds commonly found inthe wastewater or saline water in Asia, North America and Australia are toxic [45] However, the rejection ofthe toxic Boron-containing compounds in a reverse ... gradient inthe vapor phase.’ 1.5 Research objectives and thesis organization The main objective of this research is to explore the engineering and morphological designs of fabricating poly(vinylidene ... about 40% The obtained data indicated that the permeation flux decreased with an increase of acid concentration inthe feed The separation coefficient of sulfuric acid was above 98% for all the experiments...
... microsyringe before the microsyringe was inserted into the 2.0-cm length of hollow fiber Then, the acceptor solution was introduced into the fiber To fill the pores ofthe fiber, the fiber was then ... derivatization inthe sample matrix In this technique, the derivatizaing agent is first added to the vial containing the sample The derivatives are then extracted by SPME and introduced into the GC system ... This study focuses primarily on off-line LPME instead of on-line LPME because there are many limitations of on-line LPME such as memory effect, and the expense of setting such a system In the...
... Fig.3.6 (A), the A increases with increasing POSS loading Interestingly, the A is almost tripled at the initial increase of POSS loading from to 0.5 wt%, and then the slope ofthe curve is gradually ... were fed into the spinneret separately by three ISCO syringe pumps The outer dope and the inner dope were premixed before exiting the spinneret in order to improve the integration ofthe two layers ... setup ofthe dual-layer hollow fiber spinning line and the schematic 11 diagram of fluid channels within the spinneret are illustrated in Fig 2.1 Specifically, the outer dope, the inner dope and the...
... there still remains no clear picture about the determinants of CEO compensation including the measurement ofthe various variables involved inthe calculation of CEO pay Moreover, there remains ... day, the airline industry propels the economic takeoff of our nation It is the great enabler, knitting together all corners ofthe country, facilitating the movement of people and goods that is the ... also managers ofthe firm not have conflicts of interest inthe management ofthe firm because the owners work for themselves thus, their wellbeing is directly tied to increasing their own personal...
... requires rendering a number of COM objects (into HTML), and each time, the objects are created and destroyed Fragment caching saves the output obtained from the first rendering into the cache The fragment ... understanding of planned targets is invaluable in creating a set of transaction goals: • Determine the business issue being addressed with this site • Talk to employees from different levels inthe ... Cache Launch the SCA, select the Cache tab, and click Clear Memory Cache Click OK to clear the cache and close the SCA Balancing Items in Containers If the number of items in any one container is...
... splicing all OSP/IFC cables during initial installation to maintain minimal disturbance ofthe interior ofthe panel • Splice area provides up to a total of meters of slack storage for pigtails and ... one ofthe most critical elements of fiber cable management: bend radius protection By controlling the movement of fibers into the tray, error-proof slack loop management is maintained, ensuring ... growing network application needs ADC now introduces the 144-position High-Density Termination/Splice panel The 144-position panel maintains all existing FPL panel capabilities – inthe space of...
... pose is whether democratic and participatory institutions helped or hindered adjustment to these shocks of external origin The main thing I am interested in explaining is the extent of economic ... three other aspects of political regime: (a) the degree of institutional (de jure) independence ofthe executive; (b) the degree of operational (de facto) independence ofthe executive; and (c) the ... increasing in democracy at low levels of democracy and decreasing in democracy at higher levels The turning point comes roughly at the levels of democracy existing in Malaysia and Mexico (in 1994),...
... comprehensive way of improving performance of search and reducing the impact of indexing on the system Both search queries and data indexing are faster with Windows Search 4.0, and indexing process ... without Windows Search 4.0 installed, is to adjust indexing settings The index in Windows Vista stores information about the files on a system, including but not limited to the file name, date modified, ... for the information first To access the indexing options Click Start, and then click Control Panel Inthe Control Panel window, click System and Maintenance Click Indexing Options Modifying options...
... deep into the operations ofthe members inthe markets Developing the OTC market by improving experiences ofthe market participants, the level of paying attention and understandings ofthe public ... York: McGraw-Hill 1.2.3 The Pecking Order Theory The pecking order theory of capital structure is one ofthe most influential theories of corporate finance The pecking order theory suggests that ... to rein in double-digit inflation, with the refinancing rate peaking at 15 percent But with the economy cooling and Steep declines in inflation also allowed the State Bank of Viet Nam, the authorities...
... regime ofthe South Chinese Sea Here, the tidal amplitude is approx 1.5 m Thestudy site Hoa An is located in an area where an interaction ofthe tidal regimes ofthe South Chinese Sea and ofthe ... whereas the ground water use from the upper-middle Pleistocene aquifer is prevailing According to geological profiles ofthestudy site An Binh and Hoa An (see figure 3) the thickness ofthe covering ... Hau Giang province in terms of quality and quantity ofthe available water resources Thus, the improvement ofthe rural drinking water supply requires investigations regarding the specific local...