... that has proven successful for the herpesviruses [6-9] A viral microarray comprised of spotted amplicons from the open reading frames (ORFs) of a number of different viruses would have distinct ... amplified ORFs of eight human viruses These include human immunodeficiencyvirus type (HIV-1), human T cell leukemia virus types and (HTLV-I and -II), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus/ human ... some number of mismatches can be an advantage for viruses that exhibit a relatively high mutation rate and for the detection ofvirus strains from related families One potential drawback of PCR is...
... TABLE OF CONTENTS iii SUMMARY xi LIST OF TABLES xiii LIST OF FIGURES xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS xviii xix CHAPTER I General Introduction 1.1 Stemcells 1.2 Embryonicstemcells ... (Figure 1.2) Stem cells, particularly embryonicstemcells (ESCs), offer enormous potential for a diverse range of cell-replacement therapies, in addition to their use as research tools for understanding ... mouse embryonicstemcells Nature Genetics 38(4):431-40 *these authors contributed equally to this work xix CHAPTER GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 StemcellsStemcells are classically defined as cells...
... Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus (SINV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are the best studied alphaviruses, and have also been used for the development of gene expression systems ... can be used for VLP production; however, more often, they are used for rescue of alphavirus replicons and subsequent protein expression in transfected cells [8-11] Layered systems have been used ... organisms [28] Some of these vectors have been used as tools for foreign protein expression [21] Replication-competent vectors have also been used for cloning and analysis of libraries generated...
... Expression of GPCR mRNA in various types of human cells detected by RT-PCR Expression of GPCR mRNA in various types of human cells detected by RT-PCR (A) Relative amount of mRNA expression for CCR5, ... RA: Specific cell surface requirements for the infection of CD4-positive cells by human immunodeficiencyvirus types and and by simianimmunodeficiencyvirus Virology 1991, 181:703-715 Dalgleish ... of inhibitors to evaluate coreceptor usage by simian and simian/ human immunodeficiency viruses and human immunodeficiencyvirus type in primary cells J Virol 2000, 74:6893-6910 Farzan M, Mirzabekov...
... vivo that are consistent with immunodeficiency- causing lentiviruses, thus the ability of viruses to infect cells using http://www.retrovirology.com/content/5/1/77 CRD1 of CD134 alone is not in itself, ... against feline immunodeficiencyvirus Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 1991, 7:911-921 Hosie MJ, Flynn JN: Feline immunodeficiencyvirus vaccination:characterization of the immune correlates of protection ... enhancement of infection with the T271I and Δ2N viruses than with the WT or N342Y viruses The data are consistent with the T271I mutation removing the requirement of the viral Env for determinants...
... infectivity of trans-complemented viruses produced in 293 T cells was evaluated by MAGI assay HeLa-CD4-CCR5-LTR-β-Gal cells were infected with equal amounts (at 10 cpm/cell) of different IN mutant viruses ... viral DNA [33] After 48 hours of infection, equal amounts ofcells were lysed in 50 µl of luc lysis buffer and then, 10 µl of cell lysates was used for measurement of luc activity, as described ... the effect of IN mutants on virus infection, equal amounts ofvirus were used to infect HeLa-CCR5-CD4-βGal cells, dividing and non-dividing C8166 T cells To compare the infection of each viral...
... dividing cells, such as DCs and resting T cells Consistent with the ability of lentiviral genomes to reach the nucleus of host cells even if these not divide [7], vectors derived from the human immunodeficiency ... (selfinactivating [SIN] vectors) Also, these vectors are produced using multiple constructs encoding different components to minimize the risk of generating replicationcompetent viruses Because of safety concerns ... protocol in which the virus was concentrated by aggregation with poly-L-lysine Moreover, the useof poly-L-lysine often caused shrinking, granulation, and, occasional detachment of the cells (data not...
... Rationale of the Study Significance of the Study Scope of the Study Aims of the Study Overview of the Study PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Definition of “Discipline” 1.2 Types of ... important aspect of SLA, because language is one of the most observable expressions of culture and because in second (as opposed to foreign) language settings the acquisition of a new language ... result of conscious study of the formal properties of the language In performance, “acquired” knowledge serves as the major source for initiating both the comprehension and production of utterances...
... on the useof hand-held test devices for installation of the KRONE Cat.6 KM8 products December 2001 Page of 23 Cat 6/5e Channel Adapter DSP-LIA012S: § Contains two interface adapters foruse with ... on the useof hand-held test devices for installation of the KRONE Cat.6 KM8 products December 2001 Page of 23 Cat 6/5e Channel Adapter N2604A-100: § Includes two interface adapters foruse with ... of the cable length by the instrument Notes on the useof hand-held test devices for installation of the KRONE Cat.6 KM8 products December 2001 Page of 23 IDEAL LT8600LT The IDEAL LT8600 performs...
... (non-gc) 420 msec user, 10 msec system ; cpu time (gc) 70 msec user, msec system ; cpu time (total) 490 msec user, 10 msec system ; real time 23,139 msec ; space allocation: ; 332,622 cons cells, 7,882,064 ... system placed first (out of 40 systems) in the headline (up to 75 characters) summarization task In the area of single-document (monolingual) summarization, Topiary placed first (out of 40 systems) ... Proceedings of the Interactive track for the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum Workshop, Trondheim, Norway, 2003 Nizar Habash and Bonnie Dorr, ”CatVar: A Database of Categorial Variations for English”,...
... sentences For each fold, we calculate the system's accuracy on the subset of the test set consisting of such sentences The average accuracy of the subsets across folds is 81.5% Taking human performance ... of latent categories hypothesized, i.e., the number of values of L, and produces estimates of the 249 The judges are given lists of sentences for which their tags differ from the biascorrected ... Table 3: Tests for Patterns of Agreement accounted for a large proportion of our interlabeler error" (Jurafsky et al., 1997) In step 6, as in step 3, there is strong evidence of relative bias...
... Hispanic; and 34% had a history of injection drug use Sputum smears for AFB were positive at baseline for 69% Only five (4%) had a history of treatment for a previous episode of tuberculosis The median ... calculated because of zero-containing cells was a strong association of cavitation with higher CD4/ lymphocyte counts (OR Å 0.3; P õ 001), of adenopathy with lower counts (OR Å 4.4; P õ 001), and of infiltrates ... implications because of the increased susceptibility of HIV-infected patients to a variety of other respiratory pathogens Much of this variability may be due to the differing pathophysiology of tuberculosis...
... each of 95°C for 15 seconds and 62°C for minute The genotypes were assigned using the Sequence Detection System software (version 1.9, Applied Biosystems), analyzing the threshold cycle of amplification ... (data not shown) For prevention of MTCT of HIV-1, highly active antiretroviral therapy was recently Page of recommended for all women with HIV-1 RNA levels of ≥ 1000 copies/ml of plasma [13] A ... SNPs of TLR9 and MTCT of HIV-1, revealing that the TLR9 [A;A] and [G;G] haplotypes are associated with a significantly increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 Genetic variations of TLR9, as a key gene of...
... Figure IM28 on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells with SupT1 cells Effect of3 Effect of IM28 on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells with SupT1 cells TF228.1.16 cells were mixed with SupT11 cells (1:1 cell ratio) ... fusion of 293/CD4+ cells with TF228.1.16 cells was completely inhibited by a lower dose of IM28 than was the fusion of SupT1 cells with TF228.1.16 cells (data not shown) The fusion of TF228.1.16 cells ... dexamethasone (B) cells are mainly exploded vs in the presence of IM28 Figure dexamethasone on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells with SupT1 cells Effect of2 Effect of dexamethasone on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells...
... 0.5% methlycellulose (i.e., Vero cellsfor wild-type HSV-1, L7 cellsfor ICP0- mutants, and E5 cellsfor ICP4- mutants) Titers of infectious virus in homogenates of whole eyes, trigeminal ganglia ... relevant level of the host organism ICP0 antagonizes Stat 1-dependent repression of herpes simplex virus ICP0- viruses are rapidly repressed in scid or rag2-/- mice The failure of ICP0- viruses to sustain ... for 35 cycles of 94°C for minute 15 seconds, 59.5°C for minute 15 seconds, and 72°C for 40 seconds Measurement of VP16 gene and competitor PCR product yields was performed by a modification of...
... Figure IM28 on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells with SupT1 cells Effect of3 Effect of IM28 on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells with SupT1 cells TF228.1.16 cells were mixed with SupT11 cells (1:1 cell ratio) ... fusion of 293/CD4+ cells with TF228.1.16 cells was completely inhibited by a lower dose of IM28 than was the fusion of SupT1 cells with TF228.1.16 cells (data not shown) The fusion of TF228.1.16 cells ... dexamethasone (B) cells are mainly exploded vs in the presence of IM28 Figure dexamethasone on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells with SupT1 cells Effect of2 Effect of dexamethasone on fusion of TF228.1.16 cells...
... way to use a set of standardized procedures and tools for cross-cultural harmonization of content during early PRO development As yet, however, the usefulness of IFGs for cross-cultural use has ... which also required their more formal involvement as members of the PRO design team Greater useof moderators in PRO content development activities is a good useof expertise, due to their deep ... explored; some of which could be attributable to the effects of culture Table presents a truncated example of the frequency counts of the number of unique individuals who made comments in each of the...