ultrasonography mri x ray and clinical examination
Báo cáo y học: "Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, and clinical assessment of inflammatory and destructive changes in fingers and toes of patients with psoriatic arthritis" pot
... between ultrasonography, MRI, x- ray, and clinical examination The agreements between US, MRI, and x- ray for bone changes are listed in Table 3, and the agreements between US, MRI, and clinical examination ... ultrasonography, x- ray, and clinical examination, with MRI as standard reference method Sensitivities and specificities of US, x- ray, and clinical examination, with MRI as the standard reference ... x- ray, and clinical examination, with MRI as the standard reference method US sensitivity US specificity X- ray sensitivity X- ray specificity Clinical examination sensitivity Clinical examination...
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báo cáo hóa học:" What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" pptx
... doi:10.1186/1749-79 9X- 6-1 Cite this article as: Middernacht et al.: What standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy? Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ... Another weakness of this study is that we didn’t have a CT and/ or MRI for each patient However we did have a large number of CT’s and MRI s and had peroperative findings for each of the patients ... al who found clinical testing for lag signs to be efficient, reproducible, and reliable in evaluating the teres minor tendon and muscle [8] We found the upward migration index [18] and the presence...
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báo cáo hóa học:" What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" docx
... doi:10.1186/1749-79 9X- 6-1 Cite this article as: Middernacht et al.: What standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy? Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ... Another weakness of this study is that we didn’t have a CT and/ or MRI for each patient However we did have a large number of CT’s and MRI s and had peroperative findings for each of the patients ... al who found clinical testing for lag signs to be efficient, reproducible, and reliable in evaluating the teres minor tendon and muscle [8] We found the upward migration index [18] and the presence...
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Báo cáo y học: "proximal interphalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, conventional radiography and clinical examination" pdf
... joints and 199 second to fifth PIP joints from 40 RA patients and 20 control persons were evaluated with ultrasonography, MRI and clinical examination Agreement between ultrasonography and MRI regarding ... clinical examination and MRI on signs of inflammation) was 0.72 Grading of synovitis with ultrasonography and MRI exhibited moderate-to-good correlations, as expressed by ICCs (twoway mixed effects ... radiography and clinical examination and comparable to the information provided by MRI Materials and methods Patients We examined a total of 158 second to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and 140...
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Báo cáo y học: " The Chinese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale: Replication and extension to non-clinical and clinical individuals with OCD symptoms" pps
... test-retest reliability for non -clinical samples (r ranged from 0.68 to 0.90) and clinical samples (r ranged from 0.77 to 0.97), and excellent discriminant validity and satisfactory convergent validity ... from non -clinical samples as well as from patients with anxiety disorder [9] In summary, the OCI and the OCI-R were shown to have good psychometric properties in both clinical and non -clinical ... chi-square and degrees of freedom (c /d.f.)≦3, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)≦0.08; non-normed fit index (NNFI)≥0.95, and comparative fit index (CFI) ≥0.95 Cronbach’s alphas and correlation...
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Báo cáo y học: "Natural history and clinical significance of MRI-detected bone marrow lesions at the knee: a prospective study in community dwelling older adults" pot
... 229,000), with an equal number of men and women The overall response rate was 57% The study included a baseline examination and followup examinations at approximately 2.7 and years The research conducted ... tibial, medial femoral, lateral tibial, and/ or lateral femoral) †Adjusted for sex and BMI in the age model, age and BMI in the sex model, or age and sex in the BMI model Boldface denotes statistically ... using a quantitative measure; and 2) examine the clinical correlates of BMLs, including pain, function, and stiffness scores and total knee replacement surgery Materials and methods Subjects This...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx
... Rijnhuizen P.O Box 1207 3430 BE Nieuwegein The Netherlands zoethout@rijnhuizen.nl X- Ray and Neutron Optical Systems A Erko, M Idir, Th Krist, and A.G Michette Abstract Although X- rays and neutrons ... highly concentrated and possibly monochromatic X- ray beams As a result X- ray optics has grown rapidly in recent years as an important branch of physics and technology The phrase X- ray optics” encompasses ... the vertical and horizontal directions 1 X- Ray and Neutron Optical Systems Capillary X- ray optics, including microchannel plates, have been successfully used with conventional X- ray sources Straight...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 2 pptx
... is the following: F (x, y, z) = a11 x2 + signa22 y + a33 z + 2a12 xy + 2a13 xz + 2a23 yz + 2a14 x + 2a24 y + 2a34 z + a44 + b12 x2 y + b21 xy 2 2 (2.15) + b13 x z + b31 xz + b23 y z + b32 yz ... Methods for a X- Ray and Neutron Optics SPIE-Proceedings, vol 5536, 2004, pp 61–70 13 A Erko, in X- Ray Optics; Raytracing model of a Zoneplate, ed by B Beckhoff et al Handbook of Practical X- Ray Fluorescence ... arrays, one for the source, for each optical element and for each image plane, whose dimensions The BESSY Raytrace Program RAY 29 (and with it the pixel size) have been fixed before in a ‘test-raytrace’...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc
... external magnetic field In the linear approximation this gives T (5.5) (xe , xe , ye , ye )T ≈ A · (xe0 , xe0 , ye0 , ye0 ) + B, where (xe0 , xe0 , ye0 , ye0 )T is the four-vector of initial and ... planes: Eω2⊥ (x2 , y2 ) ≈ exp ω 2πicL Eω1⊥ (x1 , y1 ) iω [L + (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 ]1/2 dx1 dy1 , c (5.9) where Eω1⊥ and Eω2⊥ are the fields before and after the propagation and L is the distance ... ∂U/ x + ∂ U/∂y = 0, in vacuum 2ik ∂U/ x + ∂ U/∂y + k (ε − 1) U = 0, 2 inside WG E (x, y) = U (x, y) exp(ikx), (6.14) (6.15) where U (x, y) is the complex amplitude of the electric field E (x, y)...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 4 potx
... WG exit at a distance x = xdif for X = Xmin and X = Xmin /2, respectively As can be seen, for X = Xmin the WG can provide a single mode coherent beam, whilst for X = Xmin /2 a clear mode mixing ... asymptotically as a sum of two terms M1 (x, y) ≈ ky π 2x exp i −i πk 2x M2 (x, y) ≈ π 2x θ2 exp ik(θc y − c x) + i πk θc x2 − y , (6.21) θc x( θc x − y) The first one, M1 (x, y), is a correction to the Fresnel ... Introduction All modern high-resolution X- ray microscopes (TXMs) and scanning transmission X- ray microscopes (STXMs) use zone plates as imaging or focusing X- ray optical elements [1, 2] Therefore,...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 5 doc
... where δ and σ are the bandwidth limited values of the rms values of the slope error (δ) and the roughness (σ) given by [2] 1/W δ = (2π) dfx S1 (fx )fx (9.4) 1/L and 1/λ σ2 = dfx S1 (fx ) (9.5) ... highly intense X- ray sources, and their insertion devices, e.g., undulators, emit sufficient photon flux at sub-1 nm wavelengths to be well suited as X- ray sources for microscopy As the X- ray optical ... hmax Equation (8.35) is the expanded form of the matrix equation given by dA(z) = M A(z), dz (8.38) where M denotes a complex general matrix, which includes the X- ray optical parameters of the...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 6 pptx
... X- ray imaging on the one hand, and improvement of the spatial quality of collimated X- ray beams on the other hand Applications are, for example, EUV photolithography, X- ray microscopy, tomography, ... ,yij ) = λ dϕ(xij ,yij ) ij ij dx 2π dx (15.2) 0 dW (x0 ,yij ) ⎩ y y ij λ dϕ(xij ,yij ) Sij = tan θij = = 2π dy dy where W (x, y) represents the optical path difference in meters and ϕ (x, y) the spatial ... sampling and detection planes x – where θij = −− − −→ → (x, z) kij , kij The local slopes of the wave front can also be written according to the following expressions: ⎧ 0 0 ⎨S x = tan x = dW (xij...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc
... transmitted X- rays and the image is built up pixel (picture element) by pixel The focused X- ray probe can also be used to excite other processes such as photoelectrons and fluorescent X- rays The ... fluorescence, XANES/EXAFS, diffraction Absorption, fluorescence, XANES/EXAFS photoemission Amplitude/phase XANES/EXAFS possible Amplitude/phase XANES Absorption/phase Absorption/phase XANES/EXAFS Absorption ... sources, XANES X- ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, EXAFS Extended X- ray absorption fine spectroscopy Scanning Full field Table 17.1 Comparison of the features of different types of X- ray microscopy...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc
... the X- ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X- ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) XAFS is generally divided into two parts: a near-edge region within some tens of eV above an absorption edge and ... shown, capillary optics can be used for X- ray diffractometry and X- ray fluorescence analysis Efficient beam focusing allows it to realize micro-XRF and micro-XRD, where the intensity of secondary radiation ... for X- Rays A Bjeoumikhov and S Bjeoumikhova Abstract Capillary optics have relatively recently been introduced for the control of X- ray beams Such optics have also been widely applied in X- ray...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx
... nonplanar geometry and shaped surfaces According to our experience, any kind of multifoil X- ray optics, which was already manufactured and tested in both visible light and in X- rays, exhibits the worse ... Soft X- Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications, chap (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999) 28 BM05 X- ray Imaging Group http://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/Experiments/ ... 18], as the exposed areas become insoluble to the solvent and they will be hardened even further when focusing X- ray beams, while plexiglass will be slowly destroyed For plexiglass and for silicon...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 10 doc
... miscibilities, are studied and compared in terms of the interface quality, structure and thermal stability Specular/non-specular X- ray reflectometry, transmission electron microscopy and X- ray and electron ... techniques to study and to compare them in terms of the interface quality and thermal stability Specular/non-specular X- ray reflectometry, transmission electron microscopy and X- ray and electron diffraction ... thicknesses between and 22.5 nm were produced The multilayers were then characterized by X- ray reflection to determine the layer sequence As an example, Fig 23.5 shows an X- ray measurement and a fit to...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 11 docx
... conditions for the extreme value to be a maximum, to discard minima or saddle points If 0 x0 max,L = xmax,1 , xmax,2 , , xmax,m (25.16) is the point at which the first-order expansion of the first ... of flat response mirrors include X- ray microspectroscopy, X- ray diffraction, XUV polarimetry, and any other technique requiring both high reflectivity and broad bandwidth Importantly, in the recent ... radiation, all the ni are complex numbers, and in the ˜ 418 J.I Larruquert et al ñ0 ñ1 x1 ñ2 = ñ1+Δñ1 x2 ñ3 = ñ2+Δñ2 x3 ñ4 = ñ3+Δñ3 x4 ñm + Fig 25.10 Incident and reflected rays on a general multilayer...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 12 pps
... 458 J Hrd´ and J Hrd´ y a A Authier, Dynamical Theory of X- Ray Diffraction (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001) T Matsushita, H Hashizume, in X- Ray Monochromators, ed by E.E Koch Handbook on ... (x) Then (26.12) may be rewritten in the following form: df (x) /dx = Bf (x) /x (26.13) The angle α is here taken as negative Thus b > and B < The solution of this differential equation is f (x) ... entrance and exit surface The working area is the space between the two circular holes 456 J Hrd´ and J Hrd´ y a entrance and the exit diffraction surfaces were mechano-chemically polished The experiment...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 13 doc
... follows the exponential attenuation (30.1) I = I0 exp(−μz), where μ is the attenuation coefficient and z is the depth in the material X- ray absorption depends on the energy of the X- ray photons and diminishes ... a lateral grating is less than tx For example, a W/Si multilayer ext 28 Volume Modulated Diffraction X- Ray Optics 483 with a period of nm and γ = 0.3 has an extinction depth on the order of 50 ... double-crystal X- ray diffractometer used to study X- ray diffraction on the surface of the YZ-cut of a LiNbO3 crystal modulated by surface acoustic waves under total external reflection An X- ray tube with...
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