... forms the dense outer shell of most bones and it accounts for 80% ofthe total bone mass Cortical bone is mostly found in the shaft portion of long bones and the outer shell found around the spongy ... cancellous bone Onthe other hand, cancellous bone consists of a network of struts surrounding interconnected spaces It is the spongy interior bone tissue which makes up 20% ofthe total bone mass ... bone by lamellar bone and the resorption of excess callus Gradual modification ofthe fracture region leads to restoration of normal bone architecture Figure 1.1: Schematic representation of the...
... mRNA in cells with a deletion in region II (Fig 4A) demonstrated the essential role of this region in the transcription ofthe Ig-b geneDeletionof region III decreased the expression of Ig-b ... the proliferation of DT40 cells (data not shown), and therefore deletionof region IV was carried out by the introduction ofthe region IV deletion construct into 16 kb Del cells Genomic Southern ... state ofthecells with any deletion in the regions I–IV in the Ig-b locus, judged by DHSs as the indicator, was the same as that in predeletion cells, the region required for the maintenance of the...
... shares a region of homology with an acceptor RNA template upstream of a genetic marker (lacZ') onthe acceptor RNA or a truncated, nonfunctional portion ofthe malT gene from E.coli onthe donor template ... Increased frequencyof recombination in vitro can be misleading considering the inability to reconstitute the conditions of endogenous HIV-1 reverse transcription Compositions of buffers, concentrations ... recombination in the conserved regions ofthe env genes of multiple HIV-1 subtypes However, only the appropriate sequence combination can generate similar hairpins in a hypervariable region ofthe donor...
... dependent onthe formation of interdisulphide bonds between CD38 monomers, indicating that the CD38 homodimers in B cells are likely to be stabilized via noncovalent monomer– monomer interactions Finally, ... FACSCalibur (Becton-Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) Surface biotinylation of proteins To analyze the stability of CD38 onthe plasma membrane ofthe different Ba/F3 mutants, labeling ofthe surface ... homodimers (data not shown) These results suggest that the stabilization of CD38 homodimers by crosslinkers depends strongly onthe conformation and orientation between the CD38 monomers It has been...
... level of non-target genes ofthe same number was also correlated with the miRNA expression Density plot of correlation coefficient distribution was generated in R environment Validation of differentially ... coefficients of miRNA-target gene pairs The expression of miR-302c and miR-502b and their predicted target genes was analyzed by correlation analysis The distribution ofthe correlation coefficients ... Identification of hundreds of conserved and nonconserved human microRNAs Nat Genet 2005, 37(7):766-770 Liang Y, Ridzon D, Wong L, Chen C: Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in normal...
... the performance of VRLA cells Based onthe results presented herein, we can conclude the following Ž1 The XRD analyses showed that the major constituent ofthe additive Na SO4 in the cured plates ... work, we studied the effect of Na SO4 additive in the positive electrode onthe performance of VRLA cells for ES applications Experimental procedures 2.1 Cell construction Each cell contained two ... the paste was - wt.% The current density was controlled at mA cmy2 and the formation capacity had a theoretical capacity of about 200% under the formation After formation, the plates were washed...
... by the addition of inhibitors of these enzymes - GW274150 and indomethacin [8,36], respectively - to the co-cultures The addition of these inhibitors resulted in the abrogation ofthe inhibition ... CIA induction and evaluation and to analysis of T-cell proliferation PM contributed to the design ofthe study and to manuscript preparation All authors contributed to interpretation ofthe data ... μl of PBS in the left ear DTH response was calculated as the percentage swelling (the difference between the increase of thickness ofthe right ear and the left ear, divided by the thickness of...
... the calcaneus bone As organs, tendons consist of three parts: the muscle attachment region, the substance ofthe tendon itself, and tendon to bone insertion region These three parts vary in their ... and the inorganic components Collagen constitutes approximately 90% ofthe total protein ofthe tendons or 65-75% ofthe dry mass of tendons Elastin accounts for only about % ofthe dry mass of ... tendons ofthe hand Following a full transection, there is a spontaneous retraction ofthe cut tendon ends In the Achilles tendon of both a rat and rabbit model, the gap formed by the retraction...
... undifferentiated murine embryonic stemcells and in human CD 133+ bone marrow cells (A) Transcription of LCR regions and the bmaj-globin gene during differentiation of erythroid cells from murine ES cells ... and was only detected at the core regions [14,15] Localization of RNA Pol II to the LCR was independent of active transcription elongation; the addition ofthe elongation inhibitor DRB did not ... able to generate cellsof both hematopoi- Fig Sequential activation of globin gene transcription during in vitro erythroid differentiation ofmurine embryonic stemcells PCR analysis of DNase...
... activations that lead to the binding of downstream transcription factors, e.g., Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 to their target sequences and then expression of target genes involved in the control of cell ... activation of basal/ stemcells and their progression toward a metastatic status under the influence of Hh signalling remain to be further elucidated To further characterize the basal cells during ... entire process of prostate tumorigenesis was reconstituted in vivo and the effects of Hh overexpression onthe normal prostate stemcells was shown by the transformation of P63+/Patch1(Low or -) and...
... contamination PCR reaction triplicates showed no major differences among them and expression levels ofthe internal control were similar in the different experiments The expression levels of csp gene ... deviation ofthe mean No amplification was observed when cDNA controls, that lack the reverse transcriptase enzyme, were used in the real time PCR reactions, demonstrating that there was no gDNA contamination ... Quantification relies onthe comparison ofthe critical threshold cycle (Ct) of an unknown sample against a standard curve of known quantities Ct is the amplification cycle at which the fluorescence...
... usually depends onthe precision of carrier frequency offset estimation and symbol timing A generalized framework for the prediction of OFDM system performance in the presence of carrier frequency offset ... two-dimensional (2D) case Specifically, in OFDM system with symbol period T and subcarrier separation F, the transmission functions of OFDM system consist of translations and modulations of a single ... channel dispersion point of view Synchronization is considered as a key factor of designing multicarrier modulation system receiver The synchronization precision significantly affects the receiver...
... satisfy these properties, then such an expression is only approximate To facilitate the application ofthe general FIR filter analysis of Section 3, let the signal s(n) pass through the transmission ... Reconstruction SNR for filterbank FDAF equalisation of constant delay Figure 8: Reconstruction SNR for filterbank FDAF equalisation ofthe linear delay channel The solid trace of Figure shows the ... applications, this may be the most appropriate measure of quality In others, including conventional equalisers and That is, the number of bins in thefrequency domain implementation is equal to the...
... are presented The analysis ofthe effects ofthe crown structure concentrates onthe stratification ofthe crown and onthedeletionof greater segments (e.g the stem) by using the classical ... reduces to 6.7% after deletionofthestem segments After this closer look at the old pine, the effect of stratification and deletionofthestem segments onthe precision of estimates is to be ... and the unconditional probability Qs ofthe segment If, for example, fr is measured at the rth segment ofthe path, then fr/Qr is the contribution of this segment to the estimate ofthe total of...
... deviations of all contributing systematic errors, s the square-root ofthe quadratic sum ofthe standard deviations of all contributing random errors, and sP the standard deviation describing the ... delineation errors were not considered in the calculation ofthe treatment margins because the focus of this study was the patient positioning set-up error The representative standard deviation ofthe ... Frequencyof online verifications; 0% = No online verification; 20% = Online verification once a week; 50% = Online verification every other day scenarios and improved from no online verification to online...
... amplification ofthe 16S rRNA gene, a highly conserved region within the bacterial genome, is invaluable in the detection ofthe bacterial types involved in prosthetic hip joint infections [10,19,20] ... impact on improving the laboratory diagnosis of prosthetic hip joint infections Conclusion A wide range of bacteria can be found onthe surface of prosthetic hip joints removed at revision arthroplasty ... culture ofthe same samples The clinical interest of this study is the presence of any organism onthe prosthetic hip joints and the role, if any, that they have in initiating, pro- Page of 11...
... mean that thecells are synchronized Synchronized divisions are the sine qua non of synchrony Criteria for successful analysis ofgene expression during the division cycle 12) Gene expression results ... G1-phase DNA contents Criteria for cell synchronization and analysis ofgene expression 8) The size distribution of newly synchronized cells should be narrower than the size distribution ofthe original ... but thecells are all recombined together and analyzed These combined cells should not give a variable pattern ofgene expression This controls for perturbation ofthe culture by the selection...
... important source of metabolic variability and also of biochemical innovations Influence of distance between reactions onthe retention of duplicates In addition to the retention of duplicates generating ... gene duplications and horizontal gene transfer, could enhance our understanding ofthe influence of metabolic versatility in the evolution of species interactions We therefore consider that gene ... that the majority of nodes show a low degree of connectivity and the topology ofthe network is dominated by a small fraction of highly connected nodes Another property of metabolic networks is their...
... INVESTIGATIONS ONTHE ROLES OF UBIQUITIN IN THE REGULATION OF HEAT SHOCK GENE HSP70B’ EE THIAM HEE, GARY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2011 INVESTIGATIONS ONTHE ROLES OF UBIQUITIN IN THE REGULATION ... REGULATION OF HEAT SHOCK GENE HSP70B’ EE THIAM HEE, GARY (B SCI (HONS), NUS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY YONG LOO LIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NATIONAL ... DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY YONG LOO LIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2011 ...
... Regulation 40 1.5.4 The Proteolytic Role ofthe Proteosome in the Regulation of Transcription 42 1.5.4 The Non-Proteolytic Role ofthe Proteosome in the Regulation of Transcription 47 1.5.6 The Role ... outside ofthe context of proteosomal degradation (Hicke et al., 2005) Each of these modifications has their role in the regulation of transcription In this project we investigated the role of ubiquitin ... modification of transcription factors is one means by which the cell achieves transcriptional regulation Of particular interest to us is the ubiquitination of transcription factors Ubiquitin traditionally...