... as a single-chain precursor (preproinsulin) and folded as proinsulin, in which a connecting peptide of 35 residues links the C terminus ofthe B chain and N terminus ofthe A chain After digestion ... of protein enzymes inthe B-cell granule, proinsulin is converted into insulin and C-peptide of 31 amino acids [26] Previous studies completed on the unfolding process of insulin or proinsulin ... to the increased entropic penalty associated with fixing the end positions of longer linkers Considering the passive roleofthe linker in proteins like Rop, we may question whether therole of...
... confirming theroleof endogenous FDX + FDXR in supporting the activity To further confirm theroleof endogenous FDX + FDXR in supporting the catalytic activity, we transformed the FDX (Yah1)- and ... mitochondria-targeting signal inthe yeast system Mitochondrial localization of intact CYP2E1 in yeast cells Because ofthe existing ambiguity inthe literature on the nature and extent of CYP2E1 import into ... Protein targeting to the microsomes requires the cotranslational insertion ofthe newly synthesized protein into the microsomal membrane, where the N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence of the...
... iron-peroxo intermediate [11] The sum of these ndings points at the involvement of more than one active oxidant inthe diverse types of P450-catalyzed substrate processing [1215] The goal ofthe present ... alterations inthe environment can cause drastic changes inthe reactivity ofthe active species [76] Further support in favour ofthe idea ofthe involvement of a high-valent iron-oxene in P450 ... oxygen into the benzene ring of aniline to yield p-aminophenol [151] Formation ofthe oxygenating species has been recognized to be facilitated by the binding to HbO2 of aniline and some of its derivatives,...
... business and industry; meeting the training and education needs of businesses within 60 mile radius in Northern Allegheny County West Chester University Institute for Education, Excellence, and ... Collaboration with business and government Economic Development Programs and Initiatives Business accelerators and/ or entrepreneurial initiatives Linking teaching and research to business opportunities ... stable supply of knowledge and skills in high need areas Increase the size, diversity of skills and productivity ofthe labor force Dimensions of Social and Economic Value Regional public institutions...
... Content and Convergence in Transition 14 ECONOMIC MODELS ANDROLEOF INTERMEDIARIES INTHE VALUE CHAIN ECONOMIC MODELS ANDROLEOF INTERMEDIARIES INTHE VALUE CHAIN Roleof Internet intermediaries Intermediation ... caching, storing, and “information location tools” including online directories and providing links to third party materials alleged to infringe the copyrights of others Similar principles on the ... point in time there are: i) two distinct groups of users; ii) the value obtained by one type of user increases with the number or with the ‗quality‘ ofthe other kind of users; and iii) an intermediary...
... Some single VH domains of anti-protein IgG, including HyHEL-10 and D1.3, were known to retain the specificity and affinity to antigen in itself [7,20] At least for these antibodies, theroleofthe ... in determining the interdomain interaction strength Results Construction of an FR2 combinatorial library To investigate the possible relationship between antigen-binding affinity and VH ⁄ VL interaction ... OS-fitness ofthe clone, the ratio ofthe specific absorbance inthe presence of 10 lgÆmL)1 HEL to that inthe absence of HEL was taken as an index To analyze the effect ofthe type of each FR2...
... sources of mixed feelings Merton and Barber (1976) described the sociological ambivalence as follows: “ the ambivalence is located inthe social definition of roles and statuses, not inthe feeling-state ... situational conditions of gift-giving may differ according to characteristics ofthe gift-giving occasion, whether the presentation ofthe gift is public, private, or anonymous, and whether the gift is ... (p.21) These results were the same if comparing between male and female behavior is the interesting finding of Othman and Lee’s study Givers will pay different attitude to these factors when choosing...
... FEBS 2003 Roleof L-chain inthe elementary unit of fibroin (Eur J Biochem 271) 361 Table Determination of molar ratios of H-chain, L-chain, and fhx/P25 inthe fibroin secreted into cocoons of a normal ... the action of Golgi a1,2-mannosidases to yield only the 27-kDa molecule inthe secreted fibroin In order to examine a roleof L-chain inthe protection of a1,2-mannose residues of fhx/P25 inthe ... roles inthe assembly of vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein [28,29], in uenza virus hemagglutinin [30,31], and IgM [32] in ER, a further roleof N-linked oligosacharide chains of fhx/P25 in the...
... [11] The kinetics ofthe N-terminal arms swapping inthe P19A-BSRNase is comparable to that of BS-RNase (Fig 5B) Interestingly, the amount ofthe MxM form at the plateau as evaluated by integrating ... have investigated the effects of mutation of two paradigmatic residues involved inthe dislocation of BS-RNase N-terminal arms, i.e Pro19 and Leu28, located inthe hinge peptide andinthe intersubunit ... (D) The percentage ofthe MxM form as a function ofthe incubation time at °C (r) and 37 °C (d) is reported for each dimeric protein intrinsic flexibility of this tract ofthe protein Yet, in the...
... (particularly the short ones) have all zeroes in them In other words, none ofthe bigrams from the training set appears in these reviews This suggests that the main problem with the bigram model ... and E Hovy 2004 Determining the sentiment of opinions In Proc of COLING, pages 1367–1373 M Koppel and J Schler 2005 Using neutral examples for learning polarity In Proc of IJCAI (poster) D Lin ... relation is capturing two different situations, one in which the author himself likes the movie, andinthe other, the author’s cousin likes the movie The overgeneralization resulting from these “stemmed”...
... Another strand of literature investigates the impact ofthe industry structure and sector specific regulation inbanking upon incidents ofbanking crises, as defined by events where thebanking system ... underscoring the importance of introducing fixed effects into the present count regressions Then again, inthe case that determinants interrelate with the number of bank failures—meaning that the strict ... dramatically aggravating degree of fragility inthebanking industry culminating inthe savings and loans (S&L) crisis After dropping the 1982 to 1992 period, with in excess of 100 bankruptcies...
... bridging the A’ and G b-strands ofthe I27 protein during the main unfolding barrier.[39] To further validate this view and gain insight into theroleof solvent hydrogen bonds in protein unfolding, ... measure the elongation of b-strands A’ and G for unfolding the I27 protein in D2O The pulling coordinate for the separating b-strands is defined as the distance between the first amino acid of strand ... unfolding of one ofthe I27 modules inthe chain Unfolding then extends the overall length ofthe protein, relaxing the pulling force to a low value As the slack inthe length is removed by further...
... regions within the bulk of fluid membrane and which are enriched in cholesterol and (glycero-)sphingolipids In addition the fatty acid chains ofthe phospholipids composing these rigid domains are ... than those inthe lipids ofthe surrounding membrane In fact, this fatty acid composition favors a tighter packing of phospholipids and cholesterol, increasing the rigidity of these domains [32–35] ... implications of this subfamily of receptors in cellular signalling make them attractive therapeutic targets The coupling between stimulation ofthe P2X receptor andthe generation of intracellular...
... site ofthe N-terminal lobe of human and bovine lactotransferrins Importance ofthe glycan moiety andofthe non–covalent interactions between the N- and C-terminal lobes inthe stability ofthe ... trypsin and chymotrypsin on thein vitro antimicrobial and iron-binding properties of lactoferrin in human milk and bovine colostrum Unusual resistance of human apolactoferrin to proteolytic digestion ... lactoferrin where the protein has to survive the harsh environment ofthe gastrointestinal tract Thus, on the basis of this study, rhLF may be preferred over bLF in oral applications of lactoferrins in...
... for correct folding and intracellular transport of viral glyco- proteins, as shown for instances for influenza hemagglutinin [19] In order to investigate the importance ofthe individual N-glycosylation ... analysing theroleof glycosylation of GP inthe correct viral context Conclusion Taken together, our study suggest that individual N-linked oligosaccharides ofthe Lassa virus glycoprotein differ ... GP-C indicating that each N-glycosylation site is used for N-glycan attachment Next we determined the effect ofthe individual N-glycans on the maturation cleavage by analysing the presence of the...
... I and II and proteoglycans are involved in rendering the disease chronic [16,17] Beyond the 100% incidence of arthritis, another major advantage ofthe AIA model is that the time point of induction ... rest ofthe body was determined using a γ-counter Thereafter, the total radioactivity recovered per animal was calculated by adding the counts ofthe organs andthe rest ofthe body (a) The proportion ... chronically inflamed skin in a Leishmania infection model [30], andinthe mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes in inflammatory colitis in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice [31] Interestingly,...
... of lung interstitial and intra-alveolar fibrosis and ALI [93] Theroleof TLRs has been intensively studied in influenza infection TLR7 expression on pDCs plays a cell-specific role against influenza ... distinct roleinthe adaptive immune response to influenza through regulation of B-cell isotype switching [95,96] Theroleof TLR3 inthe immune response to influenza has been debated inthe ... variety of other PRRs including the cytoplasmic NLRs and RLRs play important roles inthe induction of lung inflammation For example, the cytoplasmic NALP3 protein, a member ofthe NLR family that...
... polymorphisms in MRL-lpr lupus mice and that enhanced expression of α-actinin may determine the extent of antibody deposition [10] These observations, together with the demonstration that α-actinin immunization ... anti-α-actinin antibodies in lupus patients was associated with a 2.5-fold increase inthe prevalence of LN [14] Finally, levels of anti-α-actinin antibodies correlated with those of anti-DNA ... anti-α-actinin antibodies How can the discrepancies between these disappointing results andthe previous studies be explained? No doubt, a longitudinal design is important, although the number of patients...
... explicit in describing the methods by which they captured infection, nonreporting of infection within the results was assumed to represent no infections in either group Absent reporting of infection ... is important for GC therapyin RA because of its intermittent pattern of use and multiple routes of administration GC therapy was rarely the primary exposure of interest in these observational ... to examine the influence of study design, definition of GC exposure, and type of infection Materials and methods Search strategy A search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, andthe Cochrane...
... pneumococci inthebloodandin limiting their numbers inthe bloodstream SP-D binds and agglutinates S pneumoniae inthe presence of calcium and is thought to enhance mucociliary and phagocytic ... pneumococci inthebloodof both strains of mice reflected their levels inthe lung These results strongly suggest that lung surfactant protein D plays an important rolein delaying the appearance of ... required to further elucidate theroleof SP-D in regulating adaptive immune responses in vivo The potential of truncated recombinant forms of SP-D as a new therapy for infectious and inflammatory...