... beginning ofthe cycle was the onset of displacement ofthe marker on the head ofthe third metacarpal and the end ofthe cycle was the return ofthe marker to the starting point after completing ... consisted of reaching out for the glass fromthe starting position and grasping it, raising the glass to the mouth, drinking, lowering the glass to the pickup point, and returning the hand to the starting ... and the Z-axis was the mediolateral axis pointing to the right Inthe forearm, the origin was at the midpoint between both epicondyles ofthe elbow, the Y-axis was formed by the line that joined...
... sensitivity: The probability of detection of EM in sample s of animals tested of species Sp with test t in year y PIntro The annual probability of introduction and establishment ofthe infection inthe ... SasSeSp,t,y is the probability of not detecting EM inthe sample s of animals of species Sp tested with test t in year y Page of 13 Calculation ofthe probability of freedom from EM inthe country The probability ... Page of 13 Table Input values used inthe model to quantify the probability of freedom from Echinococcus multilocularis Variables Input values used inthe model Initial prior probability of freedom...
... establishment of doxycycline-inducible protein expressionin human cell lines by just a single transfection For closely matching cellular backgrounds we use continuous expressionofthe original TetR instead ... amounts of protein A 100-fold increase in mRNA level does not increase protein in an equivalent proportion because ofthe limited capacity ofthe synthesis machinery, especially for membrane proteins ... randomly into the genome; tetR follows inthe second transfection Inthe final transfection, Flp recombinase from a cotransfected plasmid is used to integrate the plasmid for protein expression into the...
... subtracting the average ofthe pre-infection baseline expression level from that animal, so that the values of each time point represent changes relative to the uninfected samples The genes whose expression ... shedding ofthe EBOV glycoprotein (GP) ectodomain from cell surfaces in vitro [28] We also detected the cleaved ectodomain of GP, GP2Δ, in sera from terminal (day after infection) ZEBOV infected ... to the process of fibrin dissolution, including those for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor, as well as the plasminogen activator inhibitor type ofthe plasminogen-cleaving...
... dividing the ratio ofthe tag count inthe library of interest versus its mean count in all the other libraries, multiplied by the log of its count inthe library of interest, by the number of ... domains inthe pancreas The percent association of genes in each K-means cluster with the five expression domains inthe pancreas Thein situ hybridization staining profiles of 605 genes with informative ... categorized the TS22 pancreas staining patterns of 601 genes inthe GenePaint database [27,28], providing insight into theexpression profiles of hundreds of transcripts previously not described in the...
... also increased in mBAT in response to PM2.5 exposure We did not observe significant differences inthe gene expressions of Hoxc9 or Igfbp3 inthe WAT, neither was the gene expressionof Dpt in ... decreased in all defined adipose depots in response to PM2.5 exposure The levels of down-regulation of both these genes were pronounced in iBAT and mBAT in comparison with the WAT depots The gene expression ... antibodies After the PBS rinsing, the stain was developed using Fast 3, 3’-diaminobenzidine tablet sets (D4293; Sigma, St Louis, MO) The sections were then counterstained with hematoxylin and analyzed...
... the level of BACE protein, and in consequence, to reduce the amount of Ab peptide released in neuronal cells We asked the question whether we can inhibit expressionofthe gene of BACE protein ... less than 5% ofthe control BACE mRNA expressioninthe cells transfected with lipofectin only (NO) and lysed after 48 h increase ofthe BACE mRNA level because ofthe lower expressionof ribozyme ... Rz-2, in comparison to the level of a control experiment with lipofectin only transfected cells A further decrease ofthe Ab level up to 20% was observed inthe following 12 h However, the intracellular...
... measured fromthe onset of treatment to the date of death or the survival status at the last date of follow-up The loco-regional control (LRC) was the interval fromthe onset of treatment to the date ... Immunohistochemical expressionof Oct4 or Sox2 Positive staining for Oct4 and Sox2, mainly localized inthe nucleus, were observed inthe cancer cells of tumor tissues (Fig 1) The distribution of immunostaining ... 3-diaminobenzidine staining) The positive expression site of Oct4 and Sox2 was mainly localized inthe nucleus of tumor cells (A) High Oct4 expressionin tumor cells, (B) low Oct4 expressionin tumor cells,...
... leading cause of cancer in women inthe US and the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancy inthe western world [15] Cancer ofthe ovary represents about 30% of all cancers ofthe female ... display increased miRNA expression profiles, emphasizing high expressionof chromosome 14 and 19 miRNAs Theexpressionof miRNAs was assessed both globally, via theexpressionof miRNA biosynthesis ... remain inthe undifferentiated state inthe presence of a differentiation signal Maintenance of these miRNAs may protect these EC cells from differentiation signals in vivo This is supported by their...
... the trapping of particles inthis region Because ofthe trapping, fewer particles exited the outlet On the other hand, streaming DEP still occurred inthe other regions (the left part ofthe concentrator) ... concentrator The electric field is applied fromthe ends ofthe main channel divided into four regions as indicated with ‘1’–’4’ inthe figure From Regions 4–1, the field strength increases gradually The insulating ... depicted in Fig Microchannels formed by the PDMS guide the EOF-driven flow fromthe left to the right Inthe flow direction, the microchannels merge into subsequent microchannels, terminating in a single...
... categories: no staining, or weak staining in fewer than 10% ofthe tumor cells (0); weak staining in part ofthe membrane in more than 10% ofthe tumor cells (1+); complete staining ofthe membrane ... cancer death in women inthe USA [1] and its incidence is increasing in many countries, including Italy [2] thus representing a major health problem To date, the role of chemotherapy in BC treatment ... on the total number of tumor cells A valueof 11% of positive cells, corresponding to the mean valueof p53 expressing tumor cells, was used as cut-off to distinguish high and low expressing...
... across the plant kingdom [9], including apple [15], and some components ofthe system share sequence similarity to proteins involved in innate immunity inthe animal kingdom [16,17] We undertook this ... a contaminated florist's frog (Frog), slicing the two youngest unfolded leaves on either side ofthe mid-vein with contaminated scissors (Slice) or by snipping off the distal 1/3 ofthe two youngest ... florist's frog contaminated with bacteria, or by slicing both sides ofthe leaf parallel to the midvein with scissors contaminated with bacteria The third inoculation method, snipping off the distal approximately...
... exists inthe phenotypic expressionofthe ASMC in culture [25] In addition to the combination of IL-4/GM-CSF inducing increased expressionof CD23, both IL-4 and GM-CSF alone independently increased ... cell size While the smaller cells did not show a significant expressionof CD23, many ofthe larger cells showed increased expressionof CD23 Inthe example in Figure 2, 66% ofthe larger cells ... spreading and membrane ruffling Because ASMC require a doubling time of 48 hours, the increase in protein content could not be attributed to an increase in cell number Also, the increase in cell...
... Angelica Sinensis inhibited the formation of TG Discussion The potential of some Chinese medicinal herbs against obesity in terms of stimulating ApoA-IV promoter activity in gut cells and reducing ... [32] The calculation was done with the Ct valueof 18S rRNA to normalize the Ct valueof target gene in each sample to obtain the Ct value, which was then used to compare different samples The ... circulating glycoprotein primarily synthesized inthe small intestines during fat absorption [11], was demonstrated to prevent atherosclerosis by modulating plasma lipoprotein metabolism [12] and inhibit...
... role intheexpressionofthe phenotype, either as intermediate players between the causative gene and the phenotype, or as being responsive to the trait [12] We have been interested in using these ... the 77 pathway genes defined above mapped to each interval In general, assuming under the null hypothesis that the genomic location of genes influencing the transcript levels of other genes in ... gene set The significance ofthe ES statistic was determined empirically by performing the analysis after random permutation ofthe grouping assignment ofthe mice, with the probability of falsely...
... DNA-binding domain (DBD) bind to a GRE in a cooperative manner (Fig.1.5), in which binding ofthe first molecule enhances binding ofthe second (Dahlman-Wright, et al., 1991) Studies ofthe binding of ... upon DNA-binding The principle is outlined inthe Figure At the beginning of amplification, the reaction mixture contains the denatured DNA, the primers, and unbounded dye; therefore minimal background ... whereas the type mechanisms involves interaction ofthe GR with other transcription factors inthe absence of specific DNA binding The type I mechanisms represents the classic model of GR action, in...
... of intestinal origin [28-32] However, CDX2 expression was also found in gastric carcinoma, and other carcinomas with intestinal-type morphology [33-36] Inthe present study, we examined theexpression ... retain the cytokeratin profiles ofthe epithelium from which they arise [13] In his review article, Tot summarized the results of 29 studies containing more than 3500 reported cases of adenocarcinomas ... staining in less than 50% ofthe tumor cells was considered focal, and staining in more than 50% ofthe tumor cells was considered diffuse positivity In general, cases showing 3+ and 4+ staining...
... would be ofvalue to revisit these studies inthis context Along these lines, defining the relationship of nestin expression with the promoter methylation status of MGMT would also be of considerable ... heterogeneous clinical outcomes in low-grade glioma, defining the prognostic valueof nestin inthis population would be of particular interest For example, inthis context, nestin expression may ... [11,13-17] The clinical relevance of these varying expression patterns of nestin in GBM has not been defined http://www.ro-journal.com/content/3/1/32 Based on the heterogeneous expressionof nestin in...