... change the shape of how not only Europeans but practically the whole world conceived of itself, of nature, of religion, of human history, ofthe nature of knowledge, of politics, and ofthe structure ... world ofthe courts and the bureaucracy that either already surrounded them or inevitably awaited them Their own “self-relation” – their sense of how their life was to go, their awareness of how they ... interpretation ofthe nature ofthe categories It rejects the view ofthe categories as concepts prior to experience that we then “apply” to experience by acts of synthesis It also rejects the view that they...
... version of analogical reasoning, the court compares the relative strength of two sets of facts – the facts ofthe precedent case and the facts of a new case now under consideration If the facts ofthe ... that the ratio sets out the factors that ground the reason(s) in favor ofthe result: the later court must determine the strength ofthe reason in favor ofthe result in the precedent on the basis ... precedents can be seen as the reverse of expansion of precedents on the basis of similarity: here, the court limits the effect of precedents on the basis of dissimilarity The process of distinguishing...
... the French Declaration ofthe Rights of Man and Citizen As apprehended by Friedrich Tenbruck, they build on the Creation, the universality ofthe Children of God and of brotherhood with the ... feature ofthe 1994 reference to the aim of ‘optimal use ofthe world’s resources’ as opposed to the 1947 objective for the use ofthe ‘full resources ofthe world’ References to human rights and the ... in the Middle Ages ofthe salvation ofthe Kingdom of God on earth ’ The ‘secular remnants of this Christian theology of history’ facilitated ideas of an equal and common development of...
... “interpretivists”—most of them merely to acknowledge that they include the written document in their account of constitutional law, 92 some to convey the stronger message that the text is the exclusive source of ... among them the prerequisites of governmental legitimacy, the place of a higher form oflaw in a system that rests its legitimacy on political accountability, and the role of unelected judges in the ... about the text, theorists insist that the warp and woof of constitutional law is still traceable to the written document—and must be, given that the document and only the document counts as the...
... that these are dialectically connected aspects ofthe same thing: the modern form oflaw I will now outline these two aspects of modern individualist law and then contextualise the idea ofthe ... traditional rights ofthe accused; the widening boundaries ofthe criminal law to include offences of preparation and planning; the scope and justification of offences against the person such as ... June 2007 The main aim ofthe workshop was to gather together experts in the fields of criminal law and procedure, criminology, legal history, law and psychology and the sociology oflaw in order...
... Thus, the emergence of a secular natural law -the natural law which was proclaimed to be the basis ofthe new international law is coeval with his resolution ofthe problem ofthe legal status of ... diminishes the power ofthe Pope, for these secular systems oflaw are administered by the sovereign rather than the Pope Vitoria further undermines the position ofthe Church by refuting another justification ... international law is further reflected by the structure of many ofthe major textbooks of international law, which introduce the subject by outlining the problem and offering some sort of solution...
... divided the United States from the large majority of other states that voted to adopt the Rome Statute ofthe Court, in particular the role ofthe Security Council, the powers ofthe prosecutor, the ... fundamental as the expanding corpus of international law, the obligatory force of that law, the way in which the weak can employ thelaw as a power resource, the historical uniqueness ofthe modern ... Relations Theory (Boulder: Westview, 1989), p 18 The politics of international law international lawThe end ofthe Cold War, and the attendant talk of a ‘new world order’, the triumph of liberalism,...
... the sphere of aesthetics; they never thought of separating the beautiful from the good in this way But they were not disgusted at the torture of slaves, the exposure of newborn children, or the ... brutalizing ofthe senses instead of Beauty, the acceptance of tradition instead ofthe pursuit of Truth, the belief in hallucination or passion instead of Reason and Temperate Thought, the obscuring of ... asceticism, the worship of knowledge, the contempt for knowledge, atheism, pietism, the religion of serving the world and the religion of turning away from the world: all these and almost all other...
... School of Law, Bloomington Mark Aronson is Professor ofLaw at the University of New South Wales Jack M Beermann is Professor ofLaw at Boston University Paul Craig is Professor ofLaw and Fellow of ... collection of essays, possible The organisation ofthe conference was one ofthe pleasurable duties I undertook in 1996 as theLaw Foundation of Saskatchewan Visiting Professor at the College of Law, ... between the papers First of all, a word of explanation is necessitated by the ubiquity ofthe term "public law" The reference in the title of this book to administrative law, rather than to public law, ...
... Law Reports International Review ofthe Red Cross Leiden Journal of International Law Netherlands Yearbook of International Law Organisation of American States Organisation of African Unity Of cial ... 95/46/EC ofthe European Parliament and ofthe Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on xlviii table of conventions the free movement of such ... Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation,...
... provinces oflaw such as criminal law, contract law, and thelawof torts, or specific types of law, such as municipal state law, judge-made law, and customary law. 2 The philosophy of international law ... customary law In the context ofthe discussion ofthe processes of international law- making and hence ofthe sources or identification of its norms, the question ofthe kind of norms created 27 ... norms and their content are a matter for the sources of international law Two ofthe early chapters in the book address the sources of international law in depth.20 Among the key features oflaw that...
... for the gratification of this passion in themselves; but in none of them were they ever more successful than in the invention and establishment ofthe canon and thefeudallaw By the former of these, ... propriety of all the lands within the territory Of him, as his servants and vassals, the first rank of his great of cers held the lands; and in the same manner the other subordinate of cers held of them; ... among the lowest ranks, is of more importance to the public than all the property of all the rich men in the country It is even of more consequence to the rich themselves, and to their posterity The...
... Where they lie on the ground after the battle brought in, Where their priceless blood reddens the grass, the ground, Or to the rows ofthe hospital tent, or under the roof’s hospital, To the long ... care They helped educate the women about the care of their children and even helped some of them to find employment in occupations where they could bring their children to work with them The focus ... who had enlisted in the military with glorious ideas of fighting for the liberty of their region were quickly stripped of these illusions when they encountered the reality of war That reality...
... economic aspects of geology, the opening ofthe West to waves of emigration and development, and the role ofthe new railroads It ends with the announcement ofthe closing ofthe American frontier ... controlled the St Lawrence River valley, parts ofthe Great Lakes, and the whole eastern Mississippi Valley together with their southern lands around the mouth ofthe Mississippi The British ... in the museum ofthe Royal Society The tusks agree with those ofthe African and Asiatic elephant, in being nearly ofthe same form and texture; and some of them, notwithstanding the length of...
... through the work of thousands of activists in the 1960s and 1970s The first Earth Day in 1970 brought another group of innovators to what would become the fight against sprawl Most of these early ... different from those of either ofthe two ecosystems they separate, and these altered conditions may affect the interior habitat For example, in the middle of a deciduous forest, the environment is ... burrows ofthe gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) (Diemer 1992) In fact, the survival of some of these invertebrates at a site is entirely dependent on the presence of these burrows The presence...
... Postulating the absence ofthe one, they conclude the desirable absence (for the individual) ofthe other Having discovered the objective laws ofthe real, the partisans of this doctrine decide that they ... as the autonomy ofthe I, the finality ofthe you, and the universality ofthe they I use an opposition here familiar to theorists of language between the personal (I, you) and the impersonal (the ... what they have recognized as the very identity ofthe human race The universality ofthe they seems, then, to be the counterpart ofthe membership of all human beings, and they alone, in the same...
... Whewell Professor of International Law, Faculty of Law, and Director, Lauterpacht Research Centre for International Law, University of Cambridge John S Bell FBA Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University ... problem, and the critiques of these attempts have, on the whole, constituted the central theoretical debate ofthe discipline.6 The defining character of this problem to the whole discipline of international ... international law is further reflected by the structure of many ofthe major textbooks of international law, which introduce the subject by outlining the problem and offering some sort of solution...
... Yearbook of International Law 506 515 at 506 See ibid Lorimer insisted on the exceptional dependence ofthelawof nations on thelawof nature’ Lorimer, The Institutes oftheLawof Nations, ... accepted that thelawof nations comprised treaties and customs, but who argued that the overall purpose ofthelawof nations, derived from thelawof nature,27 was that of securing and furthering ... justification of their conquest precisely because it is presented in the language of liberality and even equality Vitoria continuously alludes to the theme ofthe novelty ofthe discovery ofthe Indians:...
... act upon the advice of British Of cers ‘in matters relating to the administration of justice, the development ofthe resources ofthe country, the interests of commerce, or in any other matter ... merchants and their families to reside in these cities for purposes of trade See Article II ofthe Treaty of Nanking See Article X ofthe Treaty of Nanking Wang Tieya describes the collapse ofthe traditional ... Institutes oftheLawof Nations, p 104 As Gong notes: The subjective nature ofthe recognition process and the political element within the standard of “civilization” put the European powers in the...
... facilitate the economic exploitation of non-European territories The question ofthe enduring effects for non-European societies ofthe history of exclusion is related to the issue ofthelegacyofthe ... one ofthe morals McNair deduces from the history ofthe development oftheLawof Nations is that the progress of International Law is intimately connected with the victory everywhere of constitutional ... respect More generally, the nineteenth century offers us an example of a far broader theme: the importance ofthe existence ofthe ‘other’ for the progress and development ofthe discipline itself...