... apreponderance of histidines, implying the importance of this amino acid residue inthe CP2-binding motif of proteins that interact with CP2. Indeed, two orthree histidine residues are found around the HXPRmotif ... althoughtheir physiological functions and roles are well charac-terized. Of the proteins that have CP2-binding motifs, wefurther investigated the CP2 binding ofthe twoHXPR-motif-containing proteins, ... CP2-interacting peptides and discovered that they containedsome new motifs that play an important role in the interaction between CP2 and its binding proteins.ResultsIsolation of CP2-binding...
... increasehasbeennotable,72This is nottodenysuccessfuleffortsbyanumber of countries,includingChina,toexpandmarkets in otherEME’s. Of coursethisstillleaves the broaderquestion ofthe robustness ofthe totality of thosemarkets inthe event of aseriousdownturn inthe AME’s.73Thisproblem is analogousto that facedbyJapanesecorporations inthe 1990’s,aftermanyyears of debtfinancedinvestmentwhichprovedunprofitable.Koo(2003)stronglycontends thatthe weakness of investmentspending in Japan inthe 1990’swasduetothis“balancesheeteffect”,andwasnotduetoashortage of loanscausedbyaweakenedbankingsystem.74SeeBIS(2012)p29forafullerdocumentation.AlsoseeMcKinsey(2010)whoidentify the householdsector in five ofthe fourteencountriestheyconsiderashavingahighprobability of futuredeleveraging.TheyidentifySpain, the US, the UK,CanadaandKorea.While the householdsectors in Brazil,Russia,ChinaandIndiawerenotjudgedtobeoverleveraged,note thatthe dataconsideredextendedonlyto2009.Thus the reportmissed the recentsharpincreases in householddebtlevels in thosecountries.45TettG(2012)“Sizecanbedeadly in alowrateworld”FinancialTimes17MayTurnerP.(2011) Isthe long‐terminterestrateapolicyvictim,apolicyvariableorapolicylodestar”–BISWorkingPaper367,Basel,DecemberWaldropM.M.(1992)“Complexity”–LemonandSchusterPaperbacks–NewYorkWedelJR.(2009)“ShadowElite”–BasicBooks,NewYorkWhiteW.R(2004)“Arechanges in FinancialStructureExtendingSafetyNets?”–BISWorkingPaper250,BaselWhiteW.R(2006a) Is PriceStabilityEnough?”–BISWorkingPaper205,AprilWhite ... when106 The flattening of yieldcurveshasalreadyledtoanarrowing of interestspreads.SeeBankforInternationalSettlements(2012)TableVI.1107SeeBillGross(2012).This is particularlyperniciousifitthwartslongertermlendingtofund the longerterminvestment that manyAME’sreallyneed.108SeeMeyer(2012)109SeeHaddockandBarnes(2012).Theycontend that, priorto2007,manyhighlyleveragedpropertydeals inthe UKusedswapstominimize the risks of risingfinancingrates.Indeed,many of theseswapshadamaturitylongerthan the underlyingloanitself.Nowmany of thesedealsneedtoberestructured,butlowpolicyrateshaveraised the cost of breaking the swaptoprohibitivelevels.This is anotherexample of howlowpolicyratescanimpede the purging of malinvestments inthe downswing ofthe creditcycle.110Theseareverysimilarto the implicationsforpensionfundswhichwerediscussedabove.111Dickson(2001)112Antolinetal(2011),Frenchetal(2011),StandardandPoors(2011)andRamaswamy(2012)18closely ... Misallocations inthe creditdownswing75Increasedspendinggenerallyresults in moreproduction,butnotnecessarily.Supplyresponsiveness inthe constructionindustry in factvarieswidelyacrosscountries.Forexample, the response in terms of newhousingstartswasmuchgreater inthe USthan the UK,dueto the verystrictplanningandzoningrestrictions in the latter.76SeeKPMGGlobal(2012)77SeeEuropeanChamber of Commerce in China(2009). In presenting the report, the President ofthe Chambersaid“Ourstudyshows the impact of overcapacity is subtlebutfarreaching,affectingdozens of industriesanddamagingeconomicgrowth,notonly in Chinabutworldwide”.Note that thiswaswrittenbefore the furtherspurt in investmentspending in 2010.44Rajan...
... NACA to enhance the effectiveness of existing instruments within APEC Institutional arrangements for managing the marine environment is fragmented in most economies Baseline surveys to ... FrameworkConclusions, including the results of the November 2001 Workshop Management Framework - Introduced Marine PestsManagement capabilities and approaches APEC and the MRCWG have a role in liaising ... Framework - Introduced Marine PestsBackgroundWithin APEC little is known on the introduction of marine pestsLittle practical information on measures to prevent introductionsLack of knowledge...
... estimation ofthe logistic model in Table 3 Panel B examining the determinants of firm i’s provision versus non-provision of investment property fair values inthe pre-IFRS period; NO_FV_PRE an indicator ... appraisers, either external (that is, independent appraisal firms hired by the investment property firm) or internal (that is, qualified individuals within the investment property firm). The UK is noteworthy, ... cost of capital. We then examine whether the adoption of IFRS reduces or eliminates these previously documented differences in information asymmetry, owing to the now mandatory provision of investment...
... cofactor to the surface ofthe protein. The entrance ofthe active site cleft is covered by the C-terminalhelix and this part ofthe polypeptide chain must move in order to allow entry ofthe substrate. ... with most residuesat the interface coming from the PYR and PP domains. This is in agreement with the average mobility ofthe domains in the crystal; the PYR domain has the lowest average B-factor,23 ... presence of DNA-bindingproteins involved in regulation ofthe gene expression of indole-3-pyruvic acid decarboxylase, a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acidbiosynthesis in Azospirillum lipoferum...
... detect. Onedisadvantage of analysing carcinoma cell lines isthat some of the DHS we observe may be the result of these linesshowing aberrant gene expression following tumorigenesis,rather than ... 17 are of similar intensity but the DHS in intron 18 is less evident ( Fig. 5B). In contrast, the DHS in intron 18 is more prominent than those in introns 16 and 17 (Fig. 5A) in chromatin from ... would be ofthe sameheight. F or both panels A and B the increasing amounts o fDNase show a proportionate increase inthe intensity of the DHS fragments inthe control samples. In Fig. 7A the forskolin-treated...
... after 35 min by four or five washes ofthe gel in H2O. The arrows indicate the stained bands inthe gel. I isthe majorperoxidase activity of hydra residing inthe foot ofthe animal, IIindicates ... peroxidase containing cells lying in the ectoderm ofthe foot. The diaminobenzidine-stained granules are localized mainly in the apical part ofthe foot mucous cells asindicated by the arrow in (B). ... because the expression of this clone is restrictedto the ectoderm ofthe foot of hydra. In addition, we couldshow thatthe timing ofthe reappearance of ppod1transcripts in foot-regenerating tissue...
... was the youngest, the baby ofthe entire family. My father, Seymour Eisenberg, a doctor who was then the chief of medicine at the Dallas Veterans Administration Hospital, began taking me to the ... penalty wiping out the score and awarding the Steelers a safety that provided the difference inthe game. (After that season, the NFL reduced the penalty for holding inthe end zone from points to ... for the Washington Post. He had grown up in Baltimore inthe 1950s, cheering for Johnny Unitas and the Colts with his dad. His book was a lovely reminiscence ofthat team, that time and his...
... schematically in Fig. 5. Inthe absence of NADPH, the concerted reaction of Asp43, Lys77 andHis110 increases the basicity of His110 and extracts the proton C11 of PGH2. Another proton is providedto the ... as the (a ⁄ b)8-barrel fold [3–6]. The nucleotidecofactor binds in an extended conformation at the top of the a ⁄ b-barrel, with the nicotinamide ring projectingdown into the center ofthe ... the overallthree-dimensional structure ofthe cofactor-binding sitewithin the catalytic pocket.DiscussionCatalytic mechanism of PGDS and PGFSactivities of AKR1B1Mutational analysis of the...
... replacement of “traditional forms of discipline associated with the family and the school” with “market discipline” (1995:26; see alsoDrainville, 1995). In this way, the workers ofthe world ofthe ... billion, if The Worries of Nations25was another. The political upheavals ofthe 1960s had their origins in the extension of American national interest to all parts ofthe globeduring the 1940s ... isthat most of the others have it wrong. Thatthe world is changing is doubted by onlya few; how and why it is changing, and what is its trajectory, is hardlyclear to anyone. The approach of...
... pathogenesis[5].Strains of WNV isolated inthe United States were foundto be highly neuroinvasive in adult mice following intra-peritoneal (i.p.) inoculation[6]. In contrast ofthe investi-gations ofthe ... limited in its scope, the resultsindicate that WNV strain IS- 98-ST1 is suitable as viralmodel for West Nile encephalitis inthe Old World. The Israeli strain IS- 98-ST1 that caused the epizootic in ... Madagascar island) and the lineage I (tropicalafrican strains) that caused the outbreaks of WNV infec-tion in North Africa, Europe, Israel, and inthe United States. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that...
... tachyki-nins. These findings may contribute to the beneficialeffect of montelukast inthe treatment of bronchialasthma.Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing inter-ests.Authors' ... tachykinin induced secretory activ-ity inthe airways has never been evaluated. Therefore, itwas the aim of this study to investigate the effects of mon-telukast on PAF- and tachykinin induced ... notinfluence the neurokinin A induced increase of trachealsecretion (neurokinin A + montelukast: 127 ± 9%). The effect of montelukast on neurokinin B induced trachealmucus secretion is presented in figure...
... recorded at 1-minute intervals. On the initial test this was used with VO2 data to determine the heart rate training intensity (65 % VO2 peak) of the exercise-training programme. This procedure ... further progression ofthe exercisetraining programme was provided, and participants wereinstructed to maintain the exercise as of week 8 for the final4 weeks. This was to evaluate if there ... In view ofthe 70% completion ofthe 16 sessions, and the significantimprovement in absolute 4minVO2 (-7 %), it appearsprobable thatthe intensity ofthe exercise performedwithin this time...