... nature ofthe "scale-up" translation in these models, they capture and instantiate the "essence" of specific pathophysiological hypotheses The test of plausibility of these hypotheses (and note, the ... instantiation ofthe hypothesis linking the gut to the lung in the pathophysiology of MOF [21-23] The qualitative nature ofthe latter two model levels is acknowledged However, I wish to note that these ... Screen shot ofthe Graphical User Interface ofthe EBABM Screen shot ofthe Graphical User Interface ofthe EBABM Control buttons are on the Left; Graphical Output ofthe simulation is in the center...
... definition ofthe FHA for either joint As described by Woltring and colleagues [24], the FHA is only fully defined when: the three-dimensional direction ofthe FHA (n), the three-dimensional location of ... base plate extending to the mid-calcaneus The ball ofthe foot rested on the foot pedal ofthe ALD Plastic stops were placed in the ALD to limit foot-pedal rotation such that the subject's motion ... in calcaneal-tibial PF The use of a cam resulted in a fixed moment arm from the rope to the center of rotation ofthe ALD (Figure 1) The loading level was selected as the level at which all subjects...
... the compound in the therapeutic target tissue The dose and the percentage of lung deposition as well as the specific receptor binding affinity determine the therapeutic efficacy ofthe corticosteroid ... height ofthe plasma containing chamber MW Molecular weight ofthe compound r Inner radius ofthe plasma containing chamber VP Calculated volume of plasma in the dialysis unit On basis ofthe calculated ... evaporation ofthe propellant To get an impression ofthe process of dissolution of these BDP particles in human bronchial fluid the Sanasthmax®/ Becloforte™ device was actuated and the glucocorticoid...
... significance in PE Many of them are related to the pre-existing condition and the comorbidities ofthe individual patient rather than to the severity ofthe index PE episode For example, in the ICOPER registry, ... scintigraphy results, the authors estimated the incidence of VTE in the city of Malmo at 42.5/10 000 inhabitants/year However, recalculation of their data indicates that the incidence of PE was 20.8/10 ... the risk of perioperative VTE The longer the duration of antithrombotic prophylaxis, the lower the incidence of VTE.5,9 Most patients with symptomatic DVT have proximal clots, and in 40–50% of...
... skin into the centre ofthe node or at the point of maximum fluctuance, and pull back on the syringe piston If no aspirate is obtained, move the needle in and out ofthe centre ofthe node while ... Association and the Damien Foundation have also provided their comments on the earlier version The document was reviewed by members ofthe Core Group ofthe global TB/ HIV Working Group ofthe Stop TB ... facilities) based on the epidemiology ofthe HIV epidemic and the magnitude of HIV-associated tuberculosis, and develop appropriate guidance for the implementation of these recommendations The recommendations...
... features of aging A number of early explanations of aging, such as Orgel’s error catastrophe theory and the somatic mutation theory, were based on the idea that aging results from the accumulation of ... postmitotic cells, one ofthe most prominent signs of aging, has been known for more than 150 years [28] However, the relation of lipofuscin to lysosomes and the basic mechanisms of lipofuscin formation ... alterations and misfunction of these two organelles account for the majority of senescent changes in postmitotic cells INTRALYSOSOMAL ACCUMULATION OF LIPOFUSCIN Deposition of lipofuscin pigment within...
... understanding of its mechanisms of action and therefore, for a better assessment of its antitumor efficacy The experimental hepatic colonization of B16 melanoma (B16M) is a unique model for determining therapeutic ... enhanced Page of 11 proliferation [15] and increased adhesion to HSE via a VLA-4-dependent mechanism [17] In this study, we investigated the effect of RVL on the microvascular phase ofthe hepatic ... adhesion to those HSE [16] The pivotal position of H2O2 in this metastasis model was further supported by the fact that incubation of HSE cells with non-toxic concentrations of H2O2 also directly...
... design ofthe study, collection ofthe data and revised the manuscript SB revised the manuscript HJS participated in the design ofthe study, performed the statistical analysis and revised the manuscript ... analysis where the instrument of interest is the dependent and the anchors the independent variable Using the equation one can estimate the minimal important difference ofthe instrument of interest ... the minimal important difference ofthe HADS it is not known[11] The concept ofthe minimal important difference the smallest difference in the outcome of interest that informed patients or their...
... candidates for exclusion However, it was the aim to include a reasonable spread of items in terms ofthe degree of severity they represented The logit severity ofthe selected items ranged from -1.25 ... that providing the descriptive system is valued on the same scale using the same variant ofthe same valuation technique, as was the case for the CAMPHOR and EQ-5D models, then the valuations ... according to the EQ-5D It is questionable whether any individuals with PH would consider themselves to have perfect health given the severe nature ofthe symptoms, the fact that the condition is often...
... worsening in their health-related quality oflife (HRQoL) However, it has been confirmed that the evaluation alone ofthe severity of COPD, measured by the degree of reduction ofthe forced expiratory ... and diagnosed of COPD at least 12 months before the start ofthe study, were included The diagnosis ofthe disease was performed according to the criteria ofthe Spanish Society of Pneumology ... volume of sputum or any combination of these symptoms, of acute onset, and requiring a change in the regular medication ofthe patient [18] The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the...
... is the generalized Green operator 16 ofthe problem of finding bounded solutions where G γi ofthe impulsive system Proof Since P D PP − I −Q P Q P and DPD 0, we have P PD P DPD By virtue of Theorem ... Then we denote by P PD r an n × r matrix composed of a complete system of r linearly independent columns ofthe matrix P PD Thus, we have proved the following statement Theorem Assume that the ... formed by a complete system of r linearly independent solutions of homogeneous f problem and G γi t is the generalized Green operator ofthe problem of finding solutions ofthe impulsive problem bounded...
... from a total of four paws of two arthritic animals When the number of replicates is low and the distribution of data in the general population is basically unknown, the applicability of Student's ... any pair ofthe experimental conditions compared Irrespective ofthe statistics used (either unpaired Student's t-test, the Fisher exact test or the Mann–Whitney U-test), the number of differentially ... genes) phase of arthritis, are listed in the Additional files Although many of these differentially expressed genes, detected either in the acute phase or during the progression ofthe disease,...
... [12] and the position ofthe drains [13] Pain due to thoracotomy is a limiting factor for mobility and breathing A high level of postoperative pain is common because ofthe cutting ofthe skin, ... and the study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (Resolution 196/96 ofthe National Health Council) The three groups were paired by age and gender The patients included in the ... contribute to decreased cough efficiency, which is the main mechanism for the elimination of secretions from the tracheobronchial tree due to the immobility ofthe thoracic wall This immobility causes...
... regarding the effects of a shunt not at the atrial level but from the pulmonary artery to the left atrium The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of right ventricle overload of two ... Picture ofthe pulmonary artery -left atrial shunt in the pig Results Hemodynamics The central venous pressure (mean), the mean pressure of left atrium, the cardiac output, the pressure ofthe distal ... concerning the percentage change from baseline to 10 minute ofthe pCO2 ofthe left atrium variable (p = 0.016) and the percentage change from baseline to 20 minute ofthe pCO2 ofthe left atrium...
... edema in rats with RPE In the process of RPE, two main contributing factors are; the amount of drained fluid or air, and the chronicity ofthe lung collapse There are other minor contributing factors ... measurement: The reaction mixture was 50 mMol tris buffer with pH 7.6; containing mMol of Na2 EDTA, mMol of reduced glutathione (GSH), 0.2 mMol of NADPH, mMol of sodium azide and 1000 U ofglutathione ... capillary pressure ofthe lung, mechanical damage of alveoli due to abrupt distension, loss of surfactant, migration of inflammatory cells, release of inflammatory mediators, increase of cytokines...
... about the complexity ofthe inflammatory response and the actions ofthe currently available drugs the value of particular clusters of targets becomes apparent However, the success of anti-TNFα therapy ... [8] Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Inflammation 2004, 1:1 The differential responsiveness to these, and other, therapeutic agents and, indeed, the induction ofthe inflammatory ... considered as the full Many ofthe drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, predate our current understanding ofthe biochemical processes involved in the disease Traditionally, the standard...
... level by the expression and activation ofthe Bcl-2 family of proteins and the components ofthe caspase pathways, which dictate the lifespan and mode of cell death in such cells [96] Importantly, ... detrimental to the host The putative role ofthe P2X7R in such processes is discussed below 3.1 P2X7R regulation of cytokine production in haemopoietic cells It has been clear since the cloning ofthe P2X7R ... P2X7R activation underlies some ofthe immunomodulatory effects ofthe human CHDP, LL-37 [38,40,41] LL-37 is the major active cleavage product ofthe only human cathelicidin hCAP18, is upregulated...
... loops ofpresence of ain the left Plain radiograph ofthe abdomen showing the metallic foreign body in the right lower quadrant, the presence of a 'double bubble sign', and a few dilated loops of ... performed after removal ofthe foreign object(s) However, in spite ofthe persistence ofthe radio-opaque foreign body on plain X-rays ofthe abdomen, the possibility of an obstructing anomaly ... thickening of their walls, and an annular pancreas was detected encircling the second part ofthe duodenum In addition, there was a membrane with a small aperture in the duodenum Surprisingly, the metallic...
... levels of carbonylated HSA were derived primarily from the lung or the systemic circulation Ultimately independent ofthe source of HSA, decreased levels ofthe protein, could contribute to the ... supports the role of antioxidant disturbances in the progression of COPD The data however can not indicate the time scale required for the resolution of smoking related oxidative stress within the ... HSA as a marker of oxidative stress in current smokers with COPD, but also the potential therapeutic role of HSA in the homeostasis ofthe oxidant/ anti-oxidant balance, where there is a large...